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Thermoelectric materials


Distributed transport properties

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  • What I think should be changed (include citations):

{{Connected contributor (paid)}} should only be used on talk pages. Include a subsection on distributed transport properties (DTP) to be inserted immediately after the existing "Functionally graded materials" subsection, within the same "Materials of Interest" section. Here is the proposed text:

Distributed transport properties

Distributed Transport Properties (DTP) is an approach in thermoelectric system design that extends the concept of functionally graded materials by spatially varying the Seebeck coefficient (S), electrical resistivity (ρ), and thermal conductivity (λ) continuously along the length of the thermoelectric element. The values of the transport properties are based on an analytic one-dimensional model that defines the optimum relationships among the properties along TE element length as a function of operating temperatures and material ZT. This spatial optimization is intended to enhance thermoelectric device performance in applications including cooling, heating, and power generation.

In conventional thermoelectric coolers, Joule heating is generated throughout each thermoelectric element, altering the internal temperature profile from the distribution that maximizes performance. This effect reduces both the maximum achievable temperature difference, ΔTmax and the coefficient of performance, COP. Distributed Transport Properties (DTP) is a thermoelectric design approach in which the transport properties of the thermoelectric element are spatially varied, typically increasing from the cold end toward the hot end. The resulting spatial variation in the Seebeck coefficient, S(x), produces a distributed Peltier effect that absorbs heat within the element according to qC(x)=IT(x)dS(x)dx, where (I) is the electrical current and T(x) is the temperature at x. This distributed heat absorption partially offsets the internally generated Joule heating within the element, qH(x)=I2r(x), where r(x) is the electrical resistance per unit length at position (x). By reducing the net internal heat generation, DTP seeks to maintain a temperature profile closer to the theoretical optimum, thereby improving thermoelectric cooling performance.

The theoretical framework for DTP was established by Bell (2019), who demonstrated through one dimension mathematical analysis that systems with optimally distributed transport properties can exceed the performance of uniform-material thermoelectric devices under equivalent boundary conditions.[1]  Subsequent experimental and modeling work by Crane and Bell demonstrated that similar performance improvements can be achieved using as few as two or three discrete material layers per element, providing a pathway toward practical implementation. These results were validated through laboratory device fabrication and testing.[2]

Published results indicate that DTP devices can achieve a maximum single-stage temperature differential of 86 K experimentally, with modeling suggesting the potential for 100 K with optimized property distributions. This exceeds the typical range of 70–75 K for conventional single-stage bismuth telluride devices. Reported improvements also include increases in COP exceeding a factor of two and enhancements in heat-pumping capacity of up to 200% at temperature differentials greater than 65°C.[3]

The broader context of distributed and localized thermoelectric cooling strategies has been discussed by Snyder, Crane, and co-authors (2021).[4]

Additive manufacturing has been investigated as a fabrication method for DTP elements, enabling continuous spatial gradients in material composition that are difficult to achieve using conventional layered manufacturing techniques.[5]

  • Why it should be changed: The existing subsection on functionally graded materials describes spatial variation of carrier concentration for power generation over large temperature spans. Another strategy to improve thermoelectric performance is DTP. DTP is a conceptually related but distinct approach that (a) varies all three transport properties, and (b) is specifically optimized for the near-ΔT = 0 cooling regime.
  • References supporting the possible change (format using the "cite" button):


IoffeThomson (talk) 03:20, 8 July 2026 (UTC)

References

  1. ↑ Bell, Lon (19 September 2019). "Optimally Distributed Transport Properties Can Produce Highest Performance Thermoelectric Systems". Physica Status Solidi (a). 216 (22): 1900562. doi:10.1002/pssa.201900562.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: article number as page number (link)
  2. ↑ Crane, Doug; Bell, Lon (9 April 2020). ""Maximum temperature difference in a single-stage thermoelectric device through distributed transport properties". International Journal of Thermal Sciences'. 154: 106404. doi:10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2020.106404.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: article number as page number (link)
  3. ↑ Crane, Doug; Bell, Lon (30 March 2025). "Advancements in distributed transport property thermoelectrics: Enhancing performance through material selection and innovative manufacturing". Solid State Sciences'. 163: 107908. doi:10.1016/j.solidstatesciences.2025.107908.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: article number as page number (link)
  4. ↑ Snyder, G. Jeffrey; LeBlanc, Saniya; Crane, Doug; Pangborn, Herschel; Forest, Chris; Rattner, Alex; Borgsmiller, Leah; Priya, Shashank (21 April 2021). "Distributed and localized cooling with thermoelectrics". Joule. 5 (4): 748–751. doi:10.1016/j.joule.2021.02.011.
  5. ↑ Crane, Doug; Bell, Lon (30 March 2025). "Advancements in distributed transport property thermoelectrics: Enhancing performance through material selection and innovative manufacturing". Solid State Sciences'. 163: 107908. doi:10.1016/j.solidstatesciences.2025.107908.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: article number as page number (link)

Thomas Duff (businessman)


Minor update proposals and additional sourcing (2025)

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Hi, I’m posting here as a contributor with a declared conflict of interest. Frontier Strategies asked me to suggest a few factual updates and improved sourcing for this article.

Could an experienced and independent editor please review my proposed updates?

** Start of proposals **

Proposal (1)

Replace the last sentence of the lead section:

“With a net worth of $3.3 billion, the Duff brothers are the wealthiest individuals in Mississippi.”

with:

“With respective net worths of $4.1 billion each, the Duff brothers are the wealthiest individuals in Mississippi.[1]”

Proposal (2)

Replace the penultimate sentence of the first paragraph of the “Career” section:

“By 2023, Southern Tire Mart's revenues had grown to exceed $3.5 billion, making it the nation's largest truck tire dealer and retread manufacturer.[2]”

with:

“By 2025, Southern Tire Mart's revenues had grown to exceed $4 billion,[3] making it the nation's largest truck tire dealer and retread manufacturer.[4][2]”

Proposal (3)

Replace the first sentence of the second paragraph of the “Career” section:

“James and Thomas co-founded Duff Capital Investors, a holding company with revenues of $5.5 billion.[2]”

with:

“Thomas Duff and his brother James co-founded Duff Capital Investors, a holding company with revenues of $6 billion.[5][2]”

Proposal (4)

Replace the second-to-last sentence of the final paragraph of the “Career” section (in bold):

“Since 2009, the brothers have been the only members of the Forbes 400 list from Mississippi.[2] However, the Duffs did not make the 2024 list, despite having a net worth of $3.3 billion.[6] Together, they remain the wealthiest individuals in Mississippi.[7]”

with:

Since 2009, the brothers have been the only members of the Forbes 400 list from Mississippi.[2] After being absent from the 2024 Forbes list, the Duffs reappeared in 2025, ranking No. 362 in the U.S. and No. 980 globally.[8][9] Together, they remain the wealthiest individuals in Mississippi.[10]

Proposal (5)

Integrate the information contained in the third sentence of the “Politics” section:

“He supported Jeb Bush in the 2016 Republican Party presidential primaries.[11]”

into the first paragraph of that same section, with the addition of new information:

“A major contributor to Republican campaigns in Mississippi,[12] Duff has supported Republican figures such as Governor Tate Reeves, to whose campaigns he has contributed regularly since 2011,[12] as well as Jeb Bush in the 2016 presidential primaries,[13] and Donald Trump in the 2020 and 2024 presidential elections.[14][15]”

** End of proposals **

Do these proposals seem like improvements? May I go ahead and implement them? Thank you for your time and consideration. Toometa (talk) 10:02, 6 November 2025 (UTC)

Partly done: I've done all the changes, but I did reword or change the formatting of sentences. Kline • talk • contribs 17:03, 8 November 2025 (UTC)
Thank you very much ! This looks great. While I’m here, I wanted to mention that I made the exact same proposals as numbers 1, 2, and 3 (the simpler ones) about twenty days ago on the page for his brother, James Duff. Would you be willing to take a look at those as well? Alternatively, I can handle it myself with your approval, referring back to this discussion. Thanks in advance! Toometa (talk) 21:10, 10 November 2025 (UTC)


Request regarding sourcing and wording in the Politics section (June 2026)

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Hi, I’m posting here as a contributor with a declared conflict of interest. I previously submitted a separate request on this talk page that has already been reviewed.

I would like to request removal of the following three sentences from the Politics section (three last sentences):

Duff voted to hire a Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI) director at the University of Mississippi.[16] During his tenure the University of Mississippi also established a clinic to provide gender-affirming care to LGBTQ minors.[16] During the pandemic, Duff voted to require university employees receive the COVID vaccine before they were allowed to return to work.[16]

My rationale is that the cited Mississippi Today article does not appear to support the factual assertions currently made by these sentences.

Specifically:

  1. The article does not state that Duff "voted to hire a DEI director". Rather, it states that the University of Mississippi requested creation of a Division of Diversity and Community Engagement and that the Board approved it.
  2. The article states that the UMMC LGBTQ clinic was created in 2019, but it also explicitly states that an IHL Board vote was not required for its creation.
  3. Regarding COVID vaccination requirements, the article states that the Board initially voted against a system-wide mandate and later acted in response to federal contractor requirements following a Biden executive order.

My concern is therefore not with the reliability of the source itself, but with how the source has been summarized in the article.

For that reason, I respectfully request removal of the three sentences above unless additional sources can be provided that explicitly support the specific factual assertions currently made in the article.

Thank you for your time and consideration. Toometa (talk) 08:33, 5 June 2026 (UTC)

Thomas H. Lee Partners


Notability tag

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A lot of the article's sources come off as borderline WP:ROUTINE coverage, or else are press releases. It's not clear at this time that the article fully meets WP:NCORP. signed, Rosguill talk 20:14, 2 September 2020 (UTC)

Sorry if this is a misuse of this comment section, but I have been doing research on this matter and I was wondering if you had other sources. Viopac (talk) 10:22, 23 May 2023 (UTC)

Thomas J. Watson Library


Wrong photo

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The photo which is used for the article THOMAS J. WATSON LIBRARY is the main entrance of Metropolitan Museum, I believe the photo of the library should be used in the page. The current photo is fine for the page about the museum itself.--Malekfarugh (talk) 18:39, 14 April 2017 (UTC)

I agree, and have replaced it with a photo of the inside of the library, which gives a much better impression of the actual space. Reify-tech (talk) 13:50, 12 August 2017 (UTC)

Thomas More Society


Add Mirabelli v. Bonta to litigation section

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Disclosure: I am an employee of Thomas More Society and am disclosing this in accordance with Wikipedia's paid-contribution disclosure requirement. I am not editing the article directly; I am proposing this addition for review by an uninvolved editor.

Proposed addition: The article does not currently mention Mirabelli v. Bonta, a case in which Thomas More Society served as counsel and which reached the U.S. Supreme Court in 2026. I propose adding the following paragraph to the section covering the firm's education-related litigation, after the existing paragraph on the Aztec and Ashe prayers settlement: In Mirabelli v. Bonta, Thomas More Society represented two California teachers and a group of parents challenging school district and state policies that limited disclosure to parents about students' gender identity at school. In December 2025, U.S. District Judge Roger Benitez issued a class-wide permanent injunction against the policies. The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit stayed the injunction in January 2026. On March 2, 2026, the U.S. Supreme Court, in a 6–3 per curiam ruling on its emergency docket, vacated the Ninth Circuit's stay, holding that the parents were likely to succeed on Free Exercise Clause and Due Process Clause claims. Justice Barrett wrote a concurrence joined by Chief Justice Roberts and Justice Kavanaugh; Justice Kagan wrote a dissent joined by Justice Jackson. On March 17, 2026, the Ninth Circuit denied California's request to narrow the Supreme Court's ruling. Sources: Mark Lieberman, "Supreme Court Backs Parents in School Gender Disclosure Fight," Education Week (March 3, 2026): https://www.edweek.org/policy-politics/supreme-court-backs-parents-in-school-gender-disclosure-fight/2026/03 "Supreme Court ruling in gender identity case favors parents but could test schools," Chalkbeat (March 7, 2026): https://www.chalkbeat.org/2026/03/07/supreme-court-gender-identity-ruling-favors-parents-but-challenges-schools/ Mirabelli v. Bonta, 607 U.S. ___ (2026), per curiam, available at https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/607/25a810/ SCOTUSblog case file, Mirabelli v. Bonta: https://www.scotusblog.com/cases/case-files/mirabelli-v-bonta/ Rationale: Mirabelli v. Bonta is a U.S. Supreme Court ruling in which Thomas More Society served as counsel of record on the emergency application. It received national coverage in independent education trade press, has a published opinion, and is tracked on SCOTUSblog. The article currently includes several cases of lesser national profile in which the firm participated, so omitting a Supreme Court matter the firm directly litigated leaves a notable gap. I have drawn the wording from independent sources rather than the firm's own materials and have used neutral terminology. Thank you for considering this request. KPWriter (talk) 14:56, 20 May 2026 (UTC)

Thank you for the disclosure. I have added a template above your request that will put it on a list of requested edits that will be seen by those not usually editing this page - they aren't likely to get to it quickly, and it's more likely that someone who regularly edits this page will take it on first, but that's a backstop measure to make sure it doesn't fall completely through the crakcs. I will note that while you suggested that this go in the "Education" section, it would be at least as good a fit in the "LGBT issues" section. I am not adding it at this point because, before addition as submitted based primarily on education-related sources, an editor should look for sources coming from other angles such as those concerned with LGBT issues regarding how the case is cast. -- Nat Gertler (talk) 15:37, 20 May 2026 (UTC)

Thymosin beta-4


Edit request: TB-500 vs full thymosin beta-4 clarification (Doping in sports section)

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COI disclosure: I have a conflict of interest as the founder of NextPep, a peptide research and comparison platform. I'm filing this Edit Request rather than editing directly. Full disclosure at User:Karl Vorwerg.

I made a related direct edit to this article on 2026-05-12, which was reverted by another editor following the COI notice SmartSE posted on my Talk page. I accept that revert as appropriate given my COI, and I'm refiling the substance of that change here through the proper channel so an uninvolved editor can evaluate the content on its merits.

Proposed addition

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In the Doping in sports section, the first paragraph currently reads:

Thymosin beta-4 is considered a performance-enhancing substance and is banned in sports by the World Anti-Doping Agency due to its effect of aiding soft tissue recovery and enabling higher training loads.[17] It was central to two controversies in Australia in the 2010s...

I propose inserting one sentence between the existing first and second sentence:

...higher training loads.[17] The synthetic peptide marketed and detected as "TB-500" under WADA's monitoring program is a seven-amino-acid fragment (LKKTETQ; residues 17–23 of full Tβ4; molecular weight ~889 Da) corresponding to the minimal actin-binding motif of the parent 43-residue protein, although the term is commonly used interchangeably with full-length thymosin beta-4 in the research-peptide and doping-control literature.[18][19] It was central to two controversies...

Why this improves the article

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The article already cites Ho et al. 2012, whose title is literally "Doping control analysis of TB-500, a synthetic version of an active region of thymosin β4, in equine urine and plasma..." — the fragment distinction is in the citation title but not in the body text. A reader who doesn't click the reference doesn't learn that "TB-500" and "thymosin beta-4" refer to different molecules. The Doping section uses both terms interchangeably, which leaves the basic factual distinction inaccessible to a general reader.

Van Troys et al. 1996 (PMID 8670856) established that residues 17–23 of Tβ4 constitute the minimal actin-binding motif, which is exactly the sequence that synthetic "TB-500" replicates.

Sources

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Both already available — no new sources are strictly required for the proposed sentence:

  • Ho EN, Kwok WH, Lau MY, Wong AS, Wan TS, Lam KK, Schiff PJ, Stewart BD (November 2012). "Doping control analysis of TB-500, a synthetic version of an active region of thymosin β4, in equine urine and plasma by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry". Journal of Chromatography A. 1265: 57–69. doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2012.09.043. PMID 23084823. (already cited in the article as the third reference in the Doping in sports section)
  • Van Troys M, Dewitte D, Goethals M, Carlier MF, Vandekerckhove J, Ampe C (1996). "The actin binding site of thymosin beta 4, mapped by mutational analysis". The EMBO Journal. 15 (2): 201–210. doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1996.tb00350.x. PMID 8670856.

Optional supplementary source

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A secondary explainer synthesising the fragment-vs-protein distinction for general readers exists at https://nextpep.app/blog/tb-500-vs-thymosin-beta-4 . I authored this; I'm disclosing the COI here and noting that the proposed clarification stands on the two primary sources above without it. Whether to include the secondary source as an additional citation is entirely at the reviewing editor's discretion — either outcome is acceptable to me, and I will not contest the decision.

Thank you for the review.

Karl Vorwerg (talk) 12:37, 12 May 2026 (UTC)

Timothy Ely

I am friends with Tim Ely but do not receive any financial benefit from helping this page improve. Have been attempting to improve it for almost a decade now but reverted all changes and posted them here — because that's what we're supposed to do. EXCEPT — nothing has happened since 2019 — there isn't enough activity for anyone to make changes.

I have added a significant number of references to Tim Ely's self-published blog which gives biographical background. Hoping this begins to alleviate the problems with the page. Dsgarnett (talk) 18:17, 29 April 2019 (UTC) dsgarnett

I have been in discussions with MrOllie about this page and his concerns about my involvement. My work is on behalf of the Timothy Ely — the subject of this BLP. My goal is simply to get accurate depth onto the page — including if anyone would like to add additional opinions about Mr. Ely's work.

For clarity, I help him with his Blog as well — but this is not "for fee" work. We are old friends and I bring help to him in this kind of work. That said, I am not being paid either directly or indirectly for assisting him with his Wikipedia page. (My income sources are elsewhere.)

Please let me know if you have concerns.

Dsgarnett (talk) 00:12, 21 February 2020 (UTC)dsgarnett

@Dsgarnett: talk page comments like this, on a low-traffic talk page, can go unseen for a very long time, as I think you're finding out. You should instead be making edit requests (click on that link to find out more), which go into a live queue and are likely to get a much faster response. There is also a wizard at WP:ERW which helps you post a request.
I'm taking down the admin help request flag, as this matter requires no administrative action.
Best, -- DoubleGrazing (talk) 08:16, 6 June 2026 (UTC)

I recommend adding the following as it uses independent sources which discuss Mr. Ely's work to help the Wikipedia reader understand his unique imagery:

Timothy W. Bickmore


Edit request: Orphan, paid-contributions, and résumé tags

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Conflict-of-interest disclosure: I am Timothy Bickmore, the subject of this article. Per WP:COI I am not editing it directly and am requesting that uninvolved editors review the points below. My aim is only to help resolve the three maintenance tags, not to add promotional content.

To my knowledge, I have not commissioned or paid anyone to create or edit this article, and I welcome review and cleanup by independent editors.

1. Orphan. The page could be linked from related articles such as Embodied agent, Conversational agent, Affective computing, Rosalind Picard and Justine Cassell (my doctoral advisors), where a mention would be contextually appropriate.

2. Résumé tone and neutrality (paid-contributions tag). The biography currently reads as a chronological CV and relies heavily on my CV and Northeastern pages, which are not independent of me. I'd suggest rewriting in encyclopedic prose centered on independently-reported work, using sources already available:

Primary documents (CV, faculty page) could be retained only for routine, non-contentious facts (degrees, dates) per WP:ABOUTSELF, rather than as the backbone of the article.

3. Independent evidence of scholarly impact. The strongest independent indicator of significance here is citation impact, relevant to WP:NPROF criterion 1. Editors may wish to source and, where appropriate, cite:

  • The Stanford/Elsevier "top 2% most-cited scientists" ranking (Ioannidis et al. composite citation database), currently listed in the infobox without a citation — the underlying dataset is published and citable.
  • Citation metrics from independent databases such as Scopus and Web of Science (and, more cautiously, Google Scholar).
  • An NSF CAREER award (Faculty Early Career Development Program, National Science Foundation), verifiable via the NSF award database, as a research honor.

To be clear, I am not requesting that my own publications be listed, as those are not independent of me; these are offered only as independent evidence of impact to help editors clean up the article in a "keep and improve" spirit.

I'm happy to supply additional independent sources and defer to editors' judgment on wording and on whether the tags can then be removed.

Heal61 (talk) 00:58, 20 June 2026 (UTC)

Toby Ann Stavisky


Request edit: sponsored legislation (2022–2025)

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Disclosure: I have a conflict of interest with respect to this article, as I am employed by Senator Stavisky's office. Per WP:COI and WP:PAID, I am not editing the article directly and am requesting that an uninvolved editor review and, if appropriate, add the following well-sourced content. All facts are cited to independent news coverage and the official legislative record.

Proposed addition 1 — to the "New York Senate" section, after the sentence noting her Higher Education Committee chairmanship:

As chair of the Senate Higher Education Committee, Stavisky has sponsored legislation addressing hate crimes and discrimination on college campuses. In November 2022, Governor Kathy Hochul signed a bill sponsored by Stavisky and Assemblymember Rebecca Seawright (S.6570/A.1202) requiring individuals convicted of hate crimes to undergo mandatory training or counseling in hate crime prevention and education.[20][21] In July 2023, Hochul signed legislation sponsored by Stavisky and Assemblymember Daniel Rosenthal (S.2060-A/A.3694-A) strengthening requirements for New York colleges to investigate and report hate crimes on campus, including posting campus crime statistics online and informing new students about prevention resources.[22][23] In August 2025, Hochul signed a bill sponsored by Stavisky and Assemblymember Nily Rozic (S.4559-B/A.5448-B) requiring every New York college and university to designate a Title VI coordinator to receive and investigate discrimination complaints under Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.[24][25]

Proposed addition 2 — a separate sentence in the "New York Senate" section (health/insurance legislation, distinct from the campus material above):

In December 2024, Hochul signed a bill sponsored by Stavisky and Assemblymember Linda B. Rosenthal (S.2063-A/A.38-A) requiring large-group private health insurance plans in New York to cover scalp cooling systems, which reduce hair loss during chemotherapy, making New York the first state to mandate such coverage. The requirement takes effect January 1, 2026.[26][27]

Sourcing notes for the reviewer

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Each fact leads with independent news coverage; official press releases are used only as backups. NPOV note: I deliberately avoided the "landmark"/"groundbreaking"/"first-in-the-nation" phrasing used in the sponsors' press releases. The four laws can be verified against the official legislative record:

YearBill (Senate / Assembly)ChapterSignedAssembly co-sponsorLegislative record
2022S.6570 / A.1202Laws of 2022 (enacted via A.1202)Nov 22, 2022Rebecca Seawrightnysenate.gov S.6570
2023S.2060-A / A.3694-ACh. 191Jul 11, 2023Daniel Rosenthalnysenate.gov S.2060
2024S.2063-A / A.38-ACh. 595Dec 13, 2024Linda B. Rosenthalnysenate.gov S.2063
2025S.4559-B / A.5448-BCh. 354Aug 26, 2025Nily Rozicnysenate.gov S.4559

Two points to note:

  • The 2023 and 2024 bills have different co-sponsors named Rosenthal — Assemblymember Daniel Rosenthal (Queens) on the 2023 campus-reporting bill, and Assemblymember Linda B. Rosenthal (Manhattan) on the 2024 scalp-cooling bill. These are two different legislators, not a typo.
  • The claim that New York was the first state to mandate insurance coverage for scalp cooling is supported by multiple independent sources (QNS, the Medical Society of the State of New York, and ABC News), not only the sponsors' offices.

TiberNero (talk) 15:08, 8 July 2026 (UTC)

Tom Courtney


Conflict of Interest edit request

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  • What I think should be changed (include citations):

The article should note that while attending college, Courtney was in the Air Force ROTC. When he sought to enter military service in 1955, the U.S. Air Force determined that his eyesight did not meet its pilot requirements. He subsequently enlisted in the U.S. Army as a private because it was only two years and he could be given a schedule that allowed for sufficient time to train for the Olympics. [Courtney, Tom. The Inside Track. Page Publishing, INC, 2018.] [Fordham Now. “Tom Courtney, Olympic Gold Medalist and Fordham Sports Great, Dies at 90.” Fordham Magazine, Fordham University, 23 Aug. 2023, now.fordham.edu/fordham-magazine/tom-courtney-olympic-gold-medalist-and-fordham-sports-great-dies-at-90/. ]

  • Why it should be changed:

This information is supported by published sources and provides important context about Courtney's military service and athletic career. The current article omits his service in the U.S. Army and how that decision enabled him to continue training for the Olympics. Adding this sourced information would improve the article's accuracy, completeness, and biographical context.

Plhc (talk) 20:30, 31 May 2026 (UTC)

References

  1. ↑ Demaree, Natalie (2025-10-14). "Mississippi has 2 of the richest people in US, Forbes says". Sun Herald. McClatchy. Retrieved 2025-11-04.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Forbes profile: Thomas Duff". Forbes. Retrieved November 6, 2025.
  3. ↑ "James Duff". Forbes. Forbes Media LLC. Retrieved 2025-10-17.
  4. ↑ Hoover, Shane (2025-04-20). "Top 50 commercial tire dealers and retreaders in 2025". Tire Business. Retrieved 2025-10-17.
  5. ↑ Bolden, Bonnie. "Only billionaires in Mississippi make Forbes list of 400 richest people in US, climb rankings". The Clarion-Ledger. Retrieved 2025-10-17.
  6. ↑ Peterson-Withorn, Chase, ed. (September 1, 2024). "The Forbes 400 List 2024 - The Richest People in America Ranked". Forbes. Retrieved January 10, 2025.
  7. ↑ Grosser, Annika (2024). "The Richest Person In Every State 2024". Forbes. Retrieved January 10, 2025.
  8. ↑ "The Forbes 400 List 2025 - The Richest People in America Ranked". Forbes. Archived from the original on 2025-10-10. Retrieved 2025-11-05.
  9. ↑ "Forbes 2025 Billionaires List - The Richest People In The World Ranked". Forbes. Archived from the original on 2025-10-08. Retrieved 2025-11-05.
  10. ↑ Grosser, Annika (2024). "The Richest Person In Every State 2024". Forbes. Retrieved January 10, 2025.
  11. ↑ "@JebBush in Mississippi for fundraiser; Insurance Commissioner Chaney leads supporters". Magnolia Tribune. December 7, 2015. Retrieved January 10, 2025.
  12. 1 2 Ganucheau, Adam (July 26, 2022). "Gov. Tate Reeves tried to keep USM out of the welfare scandal. He instead made it the focus". Mississippi Today. Retrieved January 10, 2025.
  13. ↑ "@JebBush in Mississippi for fundraiser; Insurance Commissioner Chaney leads supporters". Magnolia Tribune. December 7, 2015. Retrieved January 10, 2025.
  14. ↑ Tindera, Michela (August 8, 2020). "Biden Pulls Away In Race For Billionaire Donors, With 131 To Trump's 99". Forbes. Retrieved 2025-11-05.
  15. ↑ "Individual contributions from Thomas Duff, Hattiesburg, MS". Federal Election Commission. United States Federal Election Commission. Retrieved 2025-10-18.
  16. 1 2 3 "DEI, campus culture wars spark early battle between likely GOP rivals for governor in Mississippi - Mississippi Today". mississippitoday.org. 2025-08-31. Retrieved 2026-05-17.
  17. 1 2 Cite error: The named reference final finding was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  18. ↑ Cite error: The named reference Ho2012 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  19. ↑ Cite error: The named reference VanTroys1996 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  20. ↑ "Governor Hochul signs Queens lawmaker's hate crimes bill into law". QNS. November 23, 2022. Retrieved July 8, 2026.
  21. ↑ "Governor Hochul Announces Actions to Prevent Hate Crimes and Protect New Yorkers". Office of the Governor of New York. November 22, 2022. Retrieved July 8, 2026.
  22. ↑ "Hochul details security grants, signs education bill to curb hate crimes". Spectrum News NY1. July 11, 2023. Retrieved July 8, 2026.
  23. ↑ "Queens lawmaker's bill mandating New York colleges to report hate crimes on campus". QNS. April 28, 2023. Retrieved July 8, 2026.
  24. ↑ Parry, Bill (September 1, 2025). "Rozic, Stavisky bill to protect students from discrimination signed into law by Governor". QNS. Retrieved July 8, 2026.
  25. ↑ "Senate Bill S4559B". New York State Senate. August 26, 2025. Retrieved July 8, 2026.
  26. ↑ O'Brien, Shane (December 17, 2024). "New York becomes first state to mandate insurance coverage for cancer hair-preservation treatment". QNS. Retrieved July 8, 2026.
  27. ↑ "Governor Hochul Signs Bill Requiring Health Insurers to Cover Scalp Cooling Devices for Cancer Patients". Medical Society of the State of New York. December 20, 2024. Retrieved July 8, 2026.

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