Portal:Turkey

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Turkey, officially the Republic of Türkiye, is a country mainly located in Anatolia in West Asia, with a smaller part called East Thrace in Southeast Europe. It borders the Black Sea to the north; Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Iran to the east; Iraq, Syria, and the Mediterranean Sea to the south; and the Aegean Sea, Greece, and Bulgaria to the west. Turkey is home to over 86 million people; most are ethnic Turks, while Kurds are the largest ethnic minority. Officially a secular state, Turkey has a Muslim-majority population. Ankara is Turkey's capital and second-largest city. Istanbul is its largest city and economic center. Other major cities include İzmir, Bursa, and Antalya.

First inhabited by modern humans during the Late Paleolithic, present-day Turkey was home to various ancient peoples. The Hattians were assimilated by the Hittites and other Anatolian peoples. Classical Anatolia transitioned into cultural Hellenization after Alexander the Great's conquests, and later Romanization during the Roman and Byzantine eras. The Seljuk Turks began migrating into Anatolia in the 11th century, starting the Turkification process. The Seljuk Sultanate of Rum ruled Anatolia until the Mongol invasion in 1243, when it disintegrated into Turkish principalities. Beginning in 1299, the Ottomans united the principalities and expanded. Mehmed II conquered Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul) in 1453. During the reigns of Selim I and Suleiman the Magnificent, the Ottoman Empire became a global power. From 1789 onwards, the empire saw major changes, reforms, centralization, and rising nationalism while its territory declined.

In the 19th and early 20th centuries, persecution of Muslims during the Ottoman contraction and in the Russian Empire resulted in large-scale loss of life and mass migration into modern-day Turkey from the Balkans, Caucasus, and Crimea. Under the control of the Three Pashas, the Ottoman Empire entered World War I in 1914, during which the Ottoman government committed genocides against its Armenian, Greek, and Assyrian subjects. Following Ottoman defeat, the Turkish War of Independence resulted in the abolition of the sultanate and the signing of the Treaty of Lausanne. Turkey emerged as a more homogenous nation state. The Republic was proclaimed on 29 October 1923, modelled on the reforms initiated by its founder and first president, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. Turkey remained neutral during most of World War II, but was involved in the Korean War. Several military interventions interfered with the transition to a multi-party system.

Turkey is an upper-middle-income and emerging country; its economy is the world's 16th-largest by nominal and 11th-largest by PPP-adjusted GDP. As the 15th-largest electricity producer in the world, Turkey aims to become a hub for regional energy transportation. It is a unitary presidential republic. Turkey is a founding member of the OECD, G20, and Organization of Turkic States. With a geopolitically significant location, Turkey is a NATO member and has its second-largest military personnel. It may be recognized as an emerging, a middle, and a regional power. As an EU candidate, Turkey is part of the EU Customs Union.

Turkey has coastal plains, a high central plateau, and various mountain ranges with rising elevation eastwards. Turkey's climate is diverse, ranging from Mediterranean and other temperate climates to semi-arid and continental types. Home to three biodiversity hotspots, Turkey is prone to frequent earthquakes and is highly vulnerable to climate change. Turkey has a universal healthcare system, growing access to education, and increasing levels of innovativeness. It is a leading TV content exporter. With numerous UNESCO World Heritage sites and intangible cultural heritage inscriptions, and a rich and diverse cuisine, Turkey is the fourth most visited country in the world. (Full article...)

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General government debt of selected European countries

The Turkish economic crisis (Turkish: Türkiye ekonomik krizi), also known as Great Turkish Depression, is a financial and economic crisis in Turkey. It is characterized by the Turkish lira (TRY) plunging in value, high inflation, rising borrowing costs, and correspondingly rising loan defaults. The crisis was caused by the Turkish economy's excessive current account deficit and large amounts of private foreign-currency denominated debt.

Some analysts also stress the leveraging effects of the geopolitical frictions with the United States. Following the detention of American pastor Andrew Brunson, who was arrested on espionage charges after the failed 2016 Turkish coup d'état attempt, the Trump administration exerted pressure towards Turkey by imposing further sanctions. The economic sanctions therefore doubled the tariffs on Turkey, as imported steel rises up to 50% and on aluminum to 20%. As a result, Turkish steel was priced out of the US market, which previously amounted to 13% of Turkey's total steel exports.^{[better source needed]} (Full article...)

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General images

The following are images from various Turkey-related articles on Wikipedia.

Image 1Mount Erciyes near Kayseri (from Geography of Turkey)
Image 2Map showing events of the first phases of the Greco-Persian Wars (from History of Turkey)
Image 3Atatürk on the cover of the Time magazine, Vol. I No. 4, March 24, 1923. Title: "Mustapha Kemal Pasha" (from History of Turkey)
Image 4Recaizade Mahmud Ekrem (1847–1914) was another prominent Turkish poet of the late Ottoman era. (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 5Köppen climate types of Turkey (from Geography of Turkey)
Image 6Mount Nemrut, Adıyaman (from Geography of Turkey)
Image 7Visit of Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany to Turkey in October 1917. Together with the Mehmed V and Enver Pasha (from History of Turkey)
Image 8Mount Ararat (from Geography of Turkey)
Image 9Tevfik Fikret (1867–1915) was a prominent Turkish poet of the late Ottoman era. (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 10A lady handweaves a carpet in Cappadocia (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 11Kaçkar Mountains. (from Geography of Turkey)
Image 12A woman in traditional clothing (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 13Turkish folk dance regions (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 14Regions of Roman Anatolia (from History of Turkey)
Image 15Kilitbahir in Gallipoli (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 16Mehmed II enters Constantinople by Fausto Zonaro (from History of Turkey)
Image 17A view of Levent from Kanlıca across the Bosporus. (from Geography of Turkey)
Image 18Karagöz and Hacivat are the lead characters of Turkish shadow play, popularized during the Ottoman period. (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 19Thrace and the Thracian Odrysian kingdom in its maximum extent under Sitalces (431-424 BC) (from History of Turkey)
Image 20Originally a church, later a mosque, and now a Grand mosque, the Hagia Sophia in Istanbul was built by the Byzantines in the 6th century. (from History of Turkey)
Image 21Istanbul LGBT Pride 2013 at Taksim Square during Gezi Park protests (from History of Turkey)
Image 22Halide Edip Adıvar was a novelist, teacher, and a nationalist and feminist intellectual. (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 23Selection of Turkish food (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 24Namık Kemal was a prominent Turkish poet, novelist, playwright and journalist of the late-19th-century Ottoman Empire. (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 25Aziz Sancar was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 26Beaches and marina of Kemer near Antalya on the Turkish Riviera. (from Geography of Turkey)
Image 27Map of earthquakes in Turkey 1900–2023 (from Geography of Turkey)
Image 28Hıdırellez celebrations (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 29Turkish national basketball team won the silver medal in the 2010 FIBA World Championship. (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 30Ankara (from Geography of Turkey)
Image 31Bronze Age Anatolia (from History of Turkey)
Image 32The sultan of the golden age, Suleiman the Magnificent. (from History of Turkey)
Image 33Kitesurfers in Akyaka, Muğla (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 34Turkey women's national volleyball team won 22 consecutive matches in 2023. In that period, they completed the Nations League, European Championship and Olympic Qualification Round / FIVB World Cup matches undefeated. Being the first team to do so in history. (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 35'Two Musician Girls' of Osman Hamdi Bey. (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 36View of Beydağları Coastal National Park (from Geography of Turkey)
Image 37A Turkish belly dancer (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 38Roosevelt, İnönü and Churchill at the Second Cairo Conference which was held between 4–6 December 1943. (from History of Turkey)
Image 39Sami Frashëri (1850–1904) and his wife Emine, May 1884. (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 40Istanbul (from Geography of Turkey)
Image 41Lake Van (from Geography of Turkey)
Image 42Fazıl Hüsnü Dağlarca was one of the most prolific Turkish poets of the Turkish Republic with more than 60 collections of his poems published, laureate of the Struga Poetry Evenings Golden Wreath Award. (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 43The empire in 555 under Justinian the Great, at its greatest extent since the fall of the Western Roman Empire (its vassals in pink) (from History of Turkey)
Image 44View of Dilek Peninsula-Büyük Menderes Delta National Park (from Geography of Turkey)
Image 45Entrance portal of the Karatay Madrasa in Konya (c. 1251) (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 46Map showing the Anatolian Plate, the North Anatolian Fault and East Anatolian Fault in Turkey. (from Geography of Turkey)
Image 47Turkish coffee (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 48Yalıs along Sarıyer (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 49Selimiye Mosque in Edirne (1568–1574) (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 50Elif Şafak, a prominent writer and LGBT activist. (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 51Orhan Pamuk, winner of the 2006 Nobel Prize in Literature. (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 52Grand Post Office in Istanbul, an example of the first national architectural movement. (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 53Nuri Bilge Ceylan (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 54Antalya (from Geography of Turkey)
Image 55The Ottoman Empire in 1683, at the start of the Great Turkish War (1683–1699) (from History of Turkey)
Image 56100th year anniversary in Republic Day (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 57Dolmabahçe Palace in İstanbul, built by the Balyan family (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 58Butterfly Valley on the Turkish Riviera. (from Geography of Turkey)
Image 59Topkapı Palace in Seraglio Point (from Culture of Turkey)
Image 60An oil wrestling tournament (from Culture of Turkey)

Did you know - show different entries

... that SantralIstanbul, a modern art museum in Istanbul, Turkey, is located in what was the first power station of the Ottoman Empire? (November 22, 2007) Wikipedia:Recent additions 189
... that the Florya Atatürk Marine Mansion
(pictured), built in 1935 as a summer residence for Turkish president Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, is on the sea about 70 m (230 ft) offshore? (November 14, 2011)
... that the sports hall of Europe's largest prison complex in Istanbul was converted into a courtroom because the existing one was not big enough to accommodate the hearings of the Ergenekon trial? (February 11, 2010)
... that the modern border between Iran and Iraq dates back to the Treaty of Zuhab, which concluded the Ottoman–Safavid War of 1623–1639? (November 29, 2008) Wikipedia:Recent additions 235
... that Istanbul University Professor Semavi Eyice is regarded as the pioneer of Byzantine studies in Turkey? (April 27, 2012)
... that the 1955 novel Teneke by Turkish author Yaşar Kemal was adapted into an Italian |opera of the same title by Fabio Vacchi in 2007? (October 8, 2007) Wikipedia:Recent additions 175
... that it was discovered that about 10,000 Muslim graves in Cebeci Asri Cemetery, Ankara, Turkey were not oriented in the direction required by Islam? (March 29, 2007) Wikipedia:Recent additions 130

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Image 1Mount Nemrut
Image 2Atatürk praying
Image 3the Bosphorus Bridge
Image 4The ancient Lake Abant Nature Park in Bolu
Image 5Ölüdeniz
Image 6Lake Akdoğan in Muş
Image 7The Temple of Athena at Priene, an ancient site near Turunçlar in Aydın province.
Image 8The tughra of Mahmud II. "Mahmud Han bin Abdulhamid muzaffer daima" ("Mahmud Khan son of Abdulhamid is forever victorious").
Image 9Lahmacun
Image 10A faculty of Sakarya University
Image 11the Selimiye Mosque in Edirne
Image 12Rize
Image 13Antalya
Image 14Flag of Turkey, from flowers
Image 15The sun setting over the Golden Horn in the city of Istanbul.
Image 16Cappadocia
Image 17A Kocek
Image 18Tünel, Istanbul
Image 191. picture on portal: The prominent towers of Dayro d-Mor Gabriel; 15th December 2005
Image 20Aydilge Sarp; Turkish singer, songwriter and novelist
Image 21A tram in Istanbul
Image 22An airplane with a nazar boncuğu symbol that is said to offer protection from the "evil eye".
Image 2318th-century Ottoman barber's apron
Image 24Iznik, 16th-century vase
Image 25Tarkan with Hungarian fans
Image 26Kemer
Image 27Safranbolu

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Derviş in 2006

Kemal Derviş (Turkish pronunciation: [keˈmal dɛɾviʃ]; 10 January 1949 – 8 May 2023) was a Turkish economist and politician who was head of the United Nations Development Programme. He was honored by the government of Japan for having "contributed to mainstreaming Japan's development assistance policy through the United Nations". In 2005, he was ranked 67th in the Top 100 Public Intellectuals Poll conducted by Prospect and Foreign Policy magazines. He was vice president and director of the global economy and development program at the Brookings Institution and part-time professor of international economics at the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies in Geneva.

In March 2015, Derviş agreed to become the Deputy Prime Minister of Turkey responsible for the economy in a cabinet led by Republican People's Party (CHP) leader Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu should his party form the government after the general election to be held in June. He declined to become a Member of Parliament however, stating that he would prefer to participate in the cabinet from outside the Parliament. (Full article...)

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Lake Bafa Nature Park, 2015

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Videos from Turkey on Wikimedia Commons

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“

A satiated man doesn't know what's hunger, a healthy man doesn't know what's disease.

”

Turkish proverb

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Turkish proverbs in Wikiquote

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Recognized content

	Alanya, Byzantine Empire, SMS Goeben, The Turk, List of sultans of the Ottoman Empire, Istanbul, Italian War of 1521–1526, Italian War of 1542–1546, List of battleships of the Ottoman Empire, Rhodes blood libel
	2004 Istanbul summit, 2008 Turkish Grand Prix, Battle of Manzikert, Battle of Marash, Battle of Vaslui, Church of St. Polyeuctus, First Crusade, Great Zab, Hood event, Limyra Bridge, Siege of Szigetvár, Night Attack at Târgoviște, Third Perso-Turkic War, Walls of Constantinople, Gallipoli Campaign, Battle of Lone Pine