User:Nejssor/International Phonetic Alphabet chart

This page contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.

The following is the chart of the International Phonetic Alphabet, a standardized system of phonetic symbols devised and maintained by the International Phonetic Association.

Official chart

The official IPA chart, revised to 2018.

Vowels

	Front	Central	Back
Close	i ^ⓘ y ^ⓘ	ɨ ^ⓘ ʉ ^ⓘ	ɯ ^ⓘ u ^ⓘ
Near-close	ɪ ^ⓘ ʏ ^ⓘ		ʊ ^ⓘ
Close-mid	e ^ⓘ ø ^ⓘ	ɘ ^ⓘ ɵ ^ⓘ	ɤ ^ⓘ o ^ⓘ
Mid	e̞ ^ⓘ ø̞ ^ⓘ	ə ^ⓘ	ɤ̞ ^ⓘ o̞ ^ⓘ
Open-mid	ɛ ^ⓘ œ ^ⓘ	ɜ ^ⓘ ɞ ^ⓘ	ʌ ^ⓘ ɔ ^ⓘ
Near-open	æ ^ⓘ	ɐ ^ⓘ
Open	a ^ⓘ ɶ ^ⓘ	ä ^ⓘ	ɑ ^ⓘ ɒ ^ⓘ

Legend: unrounded • rounded

Consonants

Pulmonic consonants

Place →	Labial					Coronal										Dorsal					Laryngeal
Manner ↓	Bilabial		Labiodental		Linguolabial		Dental		Alveolar		Postalveolar		Retroflex		(Alveolo-)palatal		Velar		Uvular		Pharyngeal/epiglottal		Glottal
Nasal	m̥ ^ⓘ	m ^ⓘ	ɱ̊ ^ⓘ	ɱ ^ⓘ		n̼ ^ⓘ	n̪̊	n̪ ^ⓘ	n̥ ^ⓘ	n ^ⓘ	n̠̊	n̠ ^ⓘ	ɳ̊ ^ⓘ	ɳ ^ⓘ	ɲ̊ ^ⓘ	ɲ ^ⓘ	ŋ̊ ^ⓘ	ŋ ^ⓘ	ɴ̥ ^ⓘ	ɴ ^ⓘ
Plosive	p ^ⓘ	b ^ⓘ	p̪ ^ⓘ	b̪ ^ⓘ	t̼ ^ⓘ	d̼ ^ⓘ	t̪ ^ⓘ	d̪ ^ⓘ	t ^ⓘ	d ^ⓘ			ʈ ^ⓘ	ɖ ^ⓘ	c ^ⓘ	ɟ ^ⓘ	k ^ⓘ	ɡ ^ⓘ	q ^ⓘ	ɢ ^ⓘ	ʡ ^ⓘ		ʔ ^ⓘ
Sibilant affricate							t̪s̪ ^ⓘ	d̪z̪ ^ⓘ	ts ^ⓘ	dz ^ⓘ	t̠ʃ ^ⓘ	d̠ʒ ^ⓘ	tʂ ^ⓘ	dʐ ^ⓘ	tɕ ^ⓘ	dʑ ^ⓘ
Non-sibilant affricate	pɸ ^ⓘ	bβ ^ⓘ	p̪f ^ⓘ	b̪v ^ⓘ			t̪θ ^ⓘ	d̪ð ^ⓘ	tɹ̝̊	dɹ̝	t̠ɹ̠̊˔ ^ⓘ	d̠ɹ̠˔ ^ⓘ			cç ^ⓘ	ɟʝ ^ⓘ	kx ^ⓘ	ɡɣ ^ⓘ	qχ ^ⓘ	ɢʁ ^ⓘ	ʡʜ ^ⓘ	ʡʢ ^ⓘ	ʔh ^ⓘ
Sibilant fricative							s̪ ^ⓘ	z̪	s ^ⓘ	z ^ⓘ	ʃ ^ⓘ	ʒ ^ⓘ	ʂ ^ⓘ	ʐ ^ⓘ	ɕ ^ⓘ	ʑ ^ⓘ
Non-sibilant fricative	ɸ ^ⓘ	β ^ⓘ	f ^ⓘ	v ^ⓘ	θ̼ ^ⓘ	ð̼ ^ⓘ	θ ^ⓘ	ð ^ⓘ	θ̠	ð̠	ɹ̠̊˔ ^ⓘ	ɹ̠˔ ^ⓘ	ɻ̊˔ ^ⓘ	ɻ˔ ^ⓘ	ç ^ⓘ	ʝ ^ⓘ	x ^ⓘ	ɣ ^ⓘ	χ ^ⓘ	ʁ ^ⓘ	ħ ^ⓘ	ʕ ^ⓘ	h ^ⓘ	ɦ ^ⓘ
Approximant		β̞ ^ⓘ		ʋ ^ⓘ				ð̞		ɹ ^ⓘ		ɹ̠ ^ⓘ		ɻ ^ⓘ		j ^ⓘ		ɰ ^ⓘ						˷ ^ⓘ
Tap/flap		ⱱ̟ ^ⓘ		ⱱ ^ⓘ					ɾ̥ ^ⓘ	ɾ ^ⓘ			ɽ̊	ɽ ^ⓘ						ɢ̆ ^ⓘ		ʡ̮ ^ⓘ
Trill	ʙ̥ ^ⓘ	ʙ ^ⓘ							r̥ ^ⓘ	r ^ⓘ		r̠ ^ⓘ	ɽ̊r̥ ^ⓘ	ɽr ^ⓘ					ʀ̥ ^ⓘ	ʀ ^ⓘ	ʜ ^ⓘ	ʢ ^ⓘ
Lateral affricate									tɬ ^ⓘ	dɮ ^ⓘ			tꞎ ^ⓘ	d𝼅 ^ⓘ	c𝼆 ^ⓘ	ɟʎ̝ ^ⓘ	k𝼄 ^ⓘ	ɡʟ̝ ^ⓘ
Lateral fricative							ɬ̪		ɬ ^ⓘ	ɮ ^ⓘ			ꞎ ^ⓘ	𝼅 ^ⓘ	𝼆 ^ⓘ	ʎ̝ ^ⓘ	𝼄 ^ⓘ	ʟ̝ ^ⓘ
Lateral approximant								l̪ ^ⓘ	l̥ ^ⓘ	l ^ⓘ		l̠ ^ⓘ	ɭ̊	ɭ ^ⓘ	ʎ̥	ʎ ^ⓘ	ʟ̥	ʟ ^ⓘ		ʟ̠ ^ⓘ
Lateral tap/flap									ɺ̥ ^ⓘ	ɺ ^ⓘ			𝼈̥ ^ⓘ	𝼈 ^ⓘ		ʎ̮ ^ⓘ		ʟ̆ ^ⓘ

Symbols to the right in a cell are voiced, to the left are voiceless. Shaded areas denote articulations judged impossible.

Non-pulmonic consonants

Implosive	Voiced	ɓ ^ⓘ	ɗ ^ⓘ	ᶑ ^ⓘ	ʄ ^ⓘ	ɠ ^ⓘ	ʛ ^ⓘ
Implosive	Voiceless	ɓ̥ ^ⓘ	ɗ̥ ^ⓘ	ᶑ̥ ^ⓘ	ʄ̥ ^ⓘ	ɠ̊ ^ⓘ	ʛ̥ ^ⓘ
Ejective	Stop	pʼ ^ⓘ	tʼ ^ⓘ	ʈʼ ^ⓘ	cʼ ^ⓘ	kʼ ^ⓘ	qʼ ^ⓘ
	Fricative	fʼ ^ⓘ	sʼ ^ⓘ	ʂʼ ^ⓘ	ɕʼ ^ⓘ	xʼ ^ⓘ	χʼ ^ⓘ
	Fricative	ɸʼ ^ⓘ	θʼ ^ⓘ	ʃʼ ^ⓘ
	Affricate	t̪θʼ ^ⓘ	tsʼ ^ⓘ	ʈʂʼ ^ⓘ	t̠ʃʼ ^ⓘ	kxʼ ^ⓘ	qχʼ ^ⓘ
	Lateral		ɬʼ ^ⓘ	tɬʼ ^ⓘ	c𝼆ʼ ^ⓘ	k𝼄ʼ ^ⓘ
Click		kʘ ^ⓘ	kǀ ^ⓘ	kǃ ^ⓘ	kǁ ^ⓘ	k𝼊 ^ⓘ	kǂ ^ⓘ

Co-articulated consonants

Plosive	t͡p ^ⓘ	k͡p ^ⓘ	ɡ͡b ^ⓘ
Plosive	q͡p ^ⓘ
Nasal	ŋ͡m ^ⓘ
Fricative/ approximant	ʍ ^ⓘ	w ^ⓘ	ɥ ^ⓘ
Fricative/ approximant	ɧ ^ⓘ	ɫ ^ⓘ
Implosive	ɠ̊͜ɓ̥ ^ⓘ	ɠ͡ɓ ^ⓘ

Auxiliary symbols

Diacritics
◌̥ ◌̊	Voiceless	◌̤	Breathy voiced	◌̪ ◌͆	Dental
◌̬	Voiced	◌̰	Creaky voiced	◌̺	Apical
◌ʰ	Aspirated	◌̼	Linguolabial	◌̻	Laminal
◌̹ ◌͗ ◌˒	More rounded	◌ʷ	Labialized	◌̃	Nasalized
◌̜ ◌͑ ◌˓	Less rounded	◌ʲ	Palatalized	◌ⁿ	Nasal release
◌̟ ◌˖	Advanced	◌ˠ	Velarized	◌ˡ	Lateral release
◌̠ ◌˗	Retracted	◌ˤ	Pharyngealized	◌̚	No audible release
◌̈	Centralized	◌̴	Velarized or pharyngealized	◌ᵊ	Mid central vowel release
◌̽	Mid-centralized	◌̝ ◌˔	Raised	◌ᶿ	Voiceless dental fricative release
◌̩ ◌̍	Syllabic	◌̞ ◌˕	Lowered	◌ˣ	Voiceless velar fricative release
◌̯ ◌̑	Non-syllabic	◌̘	Advanced tongue root	◌ʼ	Ejective
◌˞	Rhoticity	◌̙	Retracted tongue root	◌͡◌ ◌͜◌	Affricate or double articulation

Suprasegmentals
ˈ	Primary stress
ˌ	Secondary stress
ː	Long
ˑ	Half-long
◌̆	Extra-short
\|	Minor (foot) group
‖	Major (intonation) group
.	Syllable break
‿	Linking (absence of a break)

Level tones
◌̋	˥	Extra-high (top)
◌́	˦	High
◌̄	˧	Mid
◌̀	˨	Low
◌̏	˩	Extra-low (bottom)
ꜜ◌		Downstep
ꜛ◌		Upstep

Tone contours
◌̌	˩˥	Rising
◌̂	˥˩	Falling
◌᷄	˧˥	High rising
◌᷅	˩˧	Low rising
◌᷇	˥˧	High falling
◌᷆	˧˩	Low falling
◌᷈	˧˦˨	Rising–falling
◌᷉	˧˨˦	Falling–rising
↗︎		Global rise
↘︎		Global fall

Transcription
[ ]	Phonetic transcription
/ /	Phonemic transcription
( )	Indistinguishable utterance
⸨ ⸩	Sound obscured
{ }	Prosodic notation

External links