Wikipedia

Pirate Party

Pirate Party is a label adopted by various political parties worldwide that share a set of values and policies focused on civil rights in the digital age.[4][5][6][7] The fundamental principles of Pirate Parties include copyright reform (dismantling copyright monopolies), patent reform, strengthening civil rights including government transparency, the right to privacy, anonymity, freedom of speech, secrecy of correspondence, the principle of subsidiarity, protection from arbitrary authority, and respect for the highest standards of democracy.[8] The movement also advocates for freedom of information, freedom of the press, freedom of expression, digital rights, and internet freedom. The first Pirate Party (Swedish: Piratpartiet) was founded in Sweden in 2006 by Rick Falkvinge. Since then, the movement has expanded to over 60 countries.

Pirate Party
IdeologyPirate politics

Ideology

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Pirate Parties strongly defend open-source, decentralized and privacy-enhancing technologies, including blockchain, cryptocurrencies as an alternative to state currency (fiat money), peer-to-peer networks, instant messaging with end-to-end encryption, virtual private networks, private and anonymous browsers, etc., considering them essential tools to protect personal data, individual privacy, and information security (both online and offline), against mass surveillance, data collection without consent, content censorship without due process, forced decryption, internet throttling or blocking, backdoor requirements in encryption, discriminatory algorithmic practices, unauthorized access to personal data, and the concentration of power in Big Tech.[9][10][11][12][13][14] Ultimately, the protection of individual freedom stands at the core of their political agenda, seen as a bulwark against the growing power of corporations and governments in controlling information and digital autonomy. This aligns with the cyber-libertarian values and principles.[15]

Rather than completely rejecting the traditional political spectrum left–right, Pirate Parties operate on a distinct political axis that political scientists might call authoritarian-anarchist or centralized-distributed in the digital and technological spheres. Therefore, they tend to combine libertarian and anarchist elements on digital issues with progressive (from the American point of view) positions on social issues,[16] while most political pirates support antitrust, enhancement and protection of free market competition against anti-competitive measures, be them state or private.[17]

History

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The first Pirate Party to be established was the Pirate Party of Sweden (Swedish: Piratpartiet), whose website was launched on 1 January 2006 by Rick Falkvinge. Falkvinge was inspired to found the party after he found that Swedish politicians were generally unresponsive to Sweden's debate over changes to copyright law in 2005.[18]

The United States Pirate Party was founded on 6 June 2006 by University of Georgia graduate student Brent Allison. The party's concerns were abolishing the Digital Millennium Copyright Act, reducing the length of copyrights from 95 years after publication or 70 years after the author's death to 14 years, and the expiry of patents that do not result in significant progress after four years, as opposed to 20 years. However, Allison stepped down as leader three days after founding the party.[19]

The Pirate Party of Austria (German: Piratenpartei Österreichs) was founded in July 2006 in the run-up to the 2006 Austrian legislative election by Florian Hufsky and Jürgen "Juxi" Leitner.[20]

The Pirate Party of Finland was founded in 2008 and entered the official registry of Finnish political parties in 2009.

The Pirate Party of the Czech Republic (Czech: Česká pirátská strana) was founded on 19 April 2009 by Jiří Kadeřávek.

The 2009 European Parliament election took place between the 4 and 7 June 2009, and various Pirate Parties stood candidates. The most success was had in Sweden, where the Pirate Party of Sweden won 7.1% of the vote, and had Christian Engström elected as the first ever Pirate Party Member of European Parliament (MEP).[21][22] Following the introduction of the Treaty of Lisbon, the Pirate Party of Sweden were afforded another MEP in 2011, that being Amelia Andersdotter.

On 30 July 2009, the Pirate Party UK was registered with the Electoral Commission. Its first party leader was Andrew Robinson, and its treasurer was Eric Priezkalns.[23][24][25]

In April 2010, an international organisation to encourage cooperation and unity between Pirate Parties, Pirate Parties International, was founded in Belgium.[26]

In the 2011 Berlin state election to the Abgeordnetenhaus of Berlin, the Pirate Party of Berlin (a state chapter of Pirate Party Germany) won 8.9% of the vote, which corresponded to winning 15 seats.[27][28] John Naughton, writing for The Guardian, argued that the Pirate Party of Berlin's success could not be replicated by the Pirate Party UK, as the UK does not use a proportional representation electoral system.[29]

In the 2013 Icelandic parliamentary election, the Icelandic Pirate Party won 5.1% of the vote, returning three Pirate Party Members of Parliament. Those were Birgitta Jónsdóttir for the Southwest Constituency, Helgi Hrafn Gunnarsson for Reykjavik Constituency North and Jón Þór Ólafsson for Reykjavik Constituency South.[30][31] Birgitta had previously been an MP for the Citizens' Movement (from 2009 to 2013), representing Reykjavik Constituency South. As of 2015, it was the largest political party in Iceland, with 23.9% of the vote.[32]

The 2014 European Parliament election took place between 22 and 24 May. Felix Reda was at the top of the list for Pirate Party Germany, and was subsequently elected as the party received 1.5% of the vote. Other notable results include the Czech Pirate Party, who received 4.8% of the vote, meaning they were only 0.2% shy of getting elected, the Pirate Party of Luxembourg, who received 4.2% of the vote, and the Pirate Party of Sweden, who received 2.2% of the vote, but lost both their MEPs.[33]

Reda had previously worked as an assistant in the office of former Pirate Party MEP Amelia Andersdotter.[34] On 11 June 2014, Reda was elected vice-president of the Greens/EFA group in the European Parliament.[35] Reda was given the job of copyright reform rapporteur.[36]

In February 2015, the Pirate Party of Romania achieved a historic legal victory by successfully challenging the constitutionality of Romania's political party registration fundamental law. Starting the legal procedure in February 2014,[37] the party demonstrated through an unconstitutionality procedure that a fundamental electoral law was unconstitutional. This led to the Constitutional Court of Romania changing the requirements for political party registration from a mandatory minimum of 25,000 signatures (with at least 250 signatures from a minimum of 17 counties) to only 3 founding members, a legislation that remains in effect today.[38][39][40] Following this success, PPRO was automatically registered by its own constitutional change, marking it as one of the first political pirate parties in history to successfully change legislation without being part of Parliament. The Pirate Party of Romania had been attempting to register as a political party since June 2009, but was unable to do so due to Romania's strict party registration legislation.[41]

The Icelandic Pirate Party was leading the national polls in March 2015, with 23.9%. The Independence Party polled 23.4%, only 0.5% behind the Pirate Party. According to the poll, the Pirate Party would win 16 seats in the Althing.[42][43] In April 2016, in the wake of the Panama Papers scandal, polls showed the Icelandic Pirate Party at 43% and the Independence Party at 21.6%,[44] although the Pirate Party eventually won 15% of the vote and 10 seats in the 29 October 2016 parliamentary election.

In April 2017, a group of students at University of California, Berkeley formed a Pirate Party to participate in the Associated Students of the University of California senate elections, winning the only third-party seat.[45]

The Czech Pirate Party entered the Chamber of Deputies of the Czech Parliament for the first time after the election held on 20 and 21 October 2017, with 10.8% of the vote.

The Czech Pirate Party, after finishing in second place with 17.1% of the vote in the 2018 Prague municipal election held on 5 and 6 October 2018, formed a coalition with Prague Together and United Forces for Prague (TOP 09, Mayors and Independents, KDU-ČSL, Liberal-Environmental Party and SNK European Democrats). The representative of the Czech Pirate Party, Zdeněk Hřib, was selected to be Mayor of Prague. This was probably the first time a pirate party member became the mayor of a major world city.

At the 2019 European Parliament election, three Czech Pirate MEPs and one German Pirate MEP were voted in and joined the Greens–European Free Alliance, the aforementioned group in the European Parliament that had previously included Swedish Pirate MEPs and German Julia Reda.

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Some campaigns have included demands for the reform of copyright and patent laws.[46] In 2010, Swedish MEP Christian Engström called for supporters of amendments to the Data Retention Directive to withdraw their signatures, citing a misleading campaign.[47]

International organizations

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Map
'"`UNIQ--templatestyles-000000AA-QINU`"''"`UNIQ--templatestyles-000000AB-QINU`"' '"`UNIQ--templatestyles-000000AC-QINU`"'
  Elected in EU Parliament
'"`UNIQ--templatestyles-000000AD-QINU`"'
  Elected nationally
'"`UNIQ--templatestyles-000000AE-QINU`"'
  Elected locally
'"`UNIQ--templatestyles-000000AF-QINU`"'
  Registered for elections
'"`UNIQ--templatestyles-000000B0-QINU`"'
  Registered in some administrative regions
'"`UNIQ--templatestyles-000000B1-QINU`"'
  Unregistered but active
'"`UNIQ--templatestyles-000000B2-QINU`"'
  Status unknown

Pirate Parties International

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Pirate Parties International (PPI) is the umbrella organization of the national Pirate Parties. Since 2006, the organization has existed as a loose union[48] of the national parties. Since October 2009, Pirate Parties International has had the status of a non-governmental organization (Feitelijke vereniging) based in Belgium. The organization was officially founded at a conference from 16 to 18 April 2010 in Brussels, when the organization's statutes were adopted by the 22 national pirate parties represented at the event.[49]

European Pirate Party

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The European Pirate Party (PPEU) is a European political alliance founded in March 2014 which consists of various pirate parties within European countries.[50] It is not currently registered as a European political party.[51]

Parti Pirate Francophone

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In Parti Pirate Francophone, the French-speaking Pirate Parties are organized. Current members are the pirates parties in Belgium, Côte d'Ivoire, France, Canada, and Switzerland.[52]

European Parliament elections

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2009

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StateDate%Seats
Sweden7 June 20097.12
Germany7 June 20090.90

2013

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StateDate%Seats
Croatia*14 April 20131.10

*Held in 2013 due to Croatia's entry into EU

2014

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StateDate%Seats
United Kingdom122 May 20140.50
Netherlands22 May 20140.90
Austria225 May 20142.10
Croatia25 May 20140.40
Czech Republic25 May 20144.80
Finland25 May 20140.70
France25 May 20140.30
Germany25 May 20141.51
Greece325 May 20140.90
Estonia425 May 20141.80
Luxembourg25 May 20144.20
Poland25 May 2014<0.10
Slovenia25 May 20142.60
Spain25 May 20140.20
Sweden25 May 20142.20

1Party only participated in North West England constituency
2PPAT is in alliance with two other parties: The Austrian Communist Party and Der Wandel. The alliance is called "Europa Anders" and also includes some independents in their lists
3with Ecological Greens
4an independent candidate (Silver Meikar) who supported the European pirate movement program[53] (helped out by members of the Estonian Pirate Party, which is not an official political party[54])

2019

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StateDateVotes%Seats
Czech Republic24 May 2019330,84414.03
Finland26 May 201912,5790.70
France26 May 201930,1050.10
Germany26 May 2019243,3020.71
Italy26 May 201960,8090.20
Luxembourg26 May 201996,5797.70
Spain26 May 201916,7550.10
Sweden26 May 201926,5260.60

2024

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StateDateVotes%Seats
Czech Republic7–8 June 2024184,0916.201
France9 June 202428,7450.120
Germany9 June 2024186,7730.470
Luxembourg9 June 202468,0854.920
Spain9 June 202414,4840.080
Sweden9 June 202415,4030.370

National elections

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CountryDate%Seats
Sweden17 September 20060.60/349
Germany27 September 20092.00/622
Sweden19 September 20100.70/349
United Kingdom6 May 20100.40/650
Netherlands9 June 20100.10
Finland17 April 20110.50
Canada2 May 2011<0.10
Switzerland23 October 20110.50
Spain20 November 20110.10
Greece6 May 20120.50
Greece17 June 20120.20
Netherlands15 March 20170.30
Israel22 January 20130.10
Iceland27 April 20135.13/63
Iceland29 October 201614.510/63
Iceland15 September 20179.26/63
Iceland25 September 20218.66/63
Iceland2 December 20243.020/63
Australia7 September 20130.30
Australia2 July 2016<0.10
Australia18 May 2019TBA0
Australia (as Fusion Party)21 May 2022TBA0
Norway9 September 20130.30
Germany22 September 20132.20
Austria29 September 20130.80
Luxembourg20 October 20132.90
Slovenia13 July 20141.30
Sweden14 September 20140.40
Israel17 March 2015<0.10
Finland19 April 20150.90
United Kingdom6 May 2015<0.10
Germany24 September 20170.40
Czech Republic21 October 201710.822/200
Iceland28 October 20179.26/63
Slovenia3 June 20182.20
Sweden9 September 20180.10
Luxembourg14 October 20186.52/60
Israel9 April 2019<0.10
Finland14 April 20190.60
Belgium26 May 20190.10
Czech Republic9 October 2025918/200

Elected representatives

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Representatives of the Pirate Party movement that have been elected to a national or supranational legislature.

Pirate Party of Sweden

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Czech Pirate Party

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Czech Pirate Party MPs in 2019

Chamber of Deputies of the Czech Republic

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Since the 2021 Czech legislative election, the following 4 MPs are in office:

The following served as MPs during the 2017–2021 term:

Senate of the Czech Republic

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Since the 2024 Czech senate election, the party had 1 senator, but she left the Pirates in 2025. She is still a supporter of the Pirates.[61]

The following are former senators:

European Parliament

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Since the 2024 EU elections, the party has 1 MEP:

The following are former MEPs:

Pirate Party Germany

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Since the 2024 EU elections, the party does not have any national elected representatives. The former MEPs are as follows:

Pirate Party Iceland

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Since the 2024 parliamentary election, the party does not have any national elected representatives. The former MPs are as follows:

  • Birgitta Jónsdóttir, MP for Reykjavík South (2009–2013), and for Southwest (2013–2017)
  • Ásta Guðrún Helgadóttir, MP for Reykjavík South (2015–2017)
  • Einar Brynjólfsson, MP for Northeast (2016–2017)
  • Eva Pandóra Baldursdóttir, MP for Northwest (2016–2017)
  • Gunnar Hrafn Jónsson, MP for Reykjavík South (2016–2017)
  • Helgi Hrafn Gunnarsson, MP for Reykjavík North (2013–2016, 2017–2021)
  • Jón Þór Ólafsson, MP for Reykjavík South (2013–2015) and for Southwest (2016–2021)
  • Smári McCarthy, MP for Southwest (2016–2021)

Pirate Party Luxembourg

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National parties

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Outside Sweden, pirate parties have been started in over 40 countries,[63] inspired by the Swedish initiative.

See also

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References

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  1. ↑ "Uppsala Declaration". Internet Archive. Retrieved 2 February 2026.
  2. ↑ "Pirate Politics: The New Information Policy Battles" (PDF). DiVA Portal. Retrieved 2 February 2026.
  3. ↑ "Economy & Finances". European Pirate Party. Retrieved 2 February 2026.
  4. ↑ Fredriksson, Martin (2015). "Piracy & Social Change| The Pirate Party and the Politics of Communication". International Journal of Communication. 9: 909–924. Archived from the original on 4 July 2023. Retrieved 28 March 2023.
  5. ↑ Jääsaari, Johanna; Šárovec, Daniel (2021). "Pirate Parties: The Original Digital Party Family". In Barberà, Oscar; Sandri, Giulia; Correa, Patricia; Rodríguez-Teruel, Juan (eds.). Digital Parties: The Challenges of Online Organisation and Participation. Springer, Cham. pp. 205–226. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-78668-7_11. ISBN 978-3-030-78668-7.
  6. ↑ Almqvist, Martin Fredriksson (2016). "Piracy and the Politics of Social Media". Social Sciences. 5 (3): 41. doi:10.3390/socsci5030041.
  7. ↑ Burkart, Patrick (2014). Pirate Politics: the New Information Policy Contests. Cambridge: The MIT Press. ISBN 9780262320146.
  8. ↑ "Uppsala Declaration". Internet Archive. Retrieved 3 February 2026.
  9. ↑ "About the PPI". Archived from the original on 20 June 2016. Retrieved 25 July 2015.
  10. ↑ Gerbaudo, Paolo (2019). The Digital Party: Political Organisation and Online Democracy. Pluto Press. ISBN 9780745335797. Archived from the original on 28 June 2023. Retrieved 27 March 2023.
  11. ↑ Beyer, Jessica L. (2014). "The Emergence of a Freedom of Information Movement: Anonymous, WikiLeaks, the Pirate Party, and Iceland". Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication. 19 (2): 141–154. doi:10.1111/jcc4.12050.
  12. ↑ Hartleb, Florian (2013). "Anti-elitist cyber parties?". Journal of Public Affairs. 13 (4): 355–369. doi:10.1002/pa.1480. Archived from the original on 27 March 2023. Retrieved 27 March 2023. Closed access icon
  13. ↑ Fredriksson, Martin; Arvanitakis, James (2015). "Piracy, Property and the Crisis of Democracy". JeDEM. 7 (1): 134–150. doi:10.29379/jedem.v7i1.365. Archived from the original on 28 March 2023. Retrieved 28 March 2023.
  14. ↑ Fredriksson, Martin (2015). "Piracy & Social Change| The Pirate Party and the Politics of Communication". International Journal of Communication. 9: 909–924. Archived from the original on 4 July 2023. Retrieved 28 March 2023.
  15. ↑ Dahlberg, Lincoln (2017). "Cyberlibertarianism". Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Communication. doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780190228613.013.70. ISBN 978-0-19-022861-3. Archived from the original on 19 December 2022. Retrieved 30 March 2023. Closed access icon
  16. ↑ Simon, Otjes (22 January 2019). "All on the same boat? Voting for pirate parties in comparative perspective". Political Studies Association. 40 (1). SAGE Publishing: 38–53. doi:10.1177/0263395719833274. hdl:1887/85286. Archived from the original on 8 April 2023. This indicates that instead of not appealing along left-right lines at all, pirate party's left-right appeal is context-dependent. Moreover, it is more closely related to sympathy for these parties than to party choice'. (Page 49)
  17. ↑ "Economy & Finances". European Pirate Party. Retrieved 8 October 2025. The Pirates aim to protect individuals, preserve opportunities, and promote individual autonomy and well-being by dispersing and de-concentrating public and private power. Competitive markets provide a fertile ground for entrepreneurship. Competition policy should aim to prevent excessive market concentration and monopolistic practices that hinder new businesses' market entry.
  18. ↑ Anderson, Nate (26 February 2009). "Political pirates: A history of Sweden's Piratpartiet". Ars Technica. Archived from the original on 17 December 2019. Retrieved 7 August 2015.
  19. ↑ Downie, James (24 January 2011). "What is the Pirate Party – and why is it helping Wikileaks?". New Republic. Archived from the original on 19 September 2015. Retrieved 7 August 2015.
  20. ↑ Igler, Nadja (19 September 2006). "Österreichs Piraten sehen grün". Future Zone (in German). Archived from the original on 17 December 2019. Retrieved 7 August 2015.
  21. ↑ "European elections 2009: Sweden's Pirate Party wins a seat in parliament". The Telegraph. 8 June 2009. Archived from the original on 12 January 2022. Retrieved 7 August 2015.
  22. ↑ Edwards, Chris (11 June 2009). "Sweden's Pirate party sails to success in European elections". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 17 December 2019. Retrieved 7 August 2015.
  23. ↑ Harris, Mark (11 August 2009). "Pirate Party UK sets sail". techradar. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 8 August 2015.
  24. ↑ "Pirate Party launches UK poll bid". BBC News. 13 August 2009. Retrieved 8 August 2015.
  25. ↑ Barnett, Emma (11 August 2009). "Pirate Party UK now registered by the Electoral Commission". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 12 January 2022. Retrieved 8 August 2015.
  26. ↑ "Pirate Parties: From digital rights to political power". BBC News. 18 October 2011. Archived from the original on 4 February 2023. Retrieved 8 August 2015.
  27. ↑ Dowling, Siobhan (18 September 2011). "Pirate party snatches seats in Berlin state election". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 17 December 2019. Retrieved 7 August 2015.
  28. ↑ Kulish, Nicholas (19 September 2011). "Pirates' Strong Showing in Berlin Elections Surprises Even Them". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 1 July 2017. Retrieved 7 August 2015.
  29. ↑ Naughton, John (20 September 2011). "Could the Pirate party's German success be repeated in Britain?". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 3 December 2022. Retrieved 7 August 2015.
  30. ↑ "Iceland vote: Centre-right opposition wins election". BBC News. 28 April 2013. Archived from the original on 8 March 2018. Retrieved 8 August 2015.
  31. ↑ Penny, Laurie (8 May 2013). "Laurie Penny on Iceland's elections: A shattered fairy tale". New Statesman. Archived from the original on 17 December 2019. Retrieved 8 August 2015.
  32. ↑ Edick, Cole (2015). "The Golden Age of Piracy". Harvard International Review. 36 (4): 7–9 – via Ebscohost.
  33. ↑ Collentine, Josef Ohlsson (26 May 2014). "All Pirate Party votes in the EU election". Pirate Times. Archived from the original on 29 June 2017. Retrieved 8 August 2015.
  34. ↑ Nordenfur, Anton (6 January 2014). "Julia Reda tops German list to European Parliament". Pirate Times. Archived from the original on 14 June 2017. Retrieved 8 August 2015.
  35. ↑ Reda, Felix (11 June 2014). "Election as Vice-President of the Greens/EFA Group". Felix Reda. Archived from the original on 24 October 2021. Retrieved 8 August 2015.
  36. ↑ Steadman, Ian (29 January 2015). "The Pirate Party's lone MEP might just fix copyright across the EU". New Statesman. Archived from the original on 9 September 2019. Retrieved 8 August 2015.
  37. ↑ "Pirații atacă legea partidelor la Curtea Constituțională". VICE Romania (in Romanian). Retrieved 2 February 2026.
  38. ↑ "Partidul Pirat din România schimbă legea partidelor politice la CCR. Nu mai e nevoie de minimum 25.000 de membri fondatori". Gândul (in Romanian). Retrieved 2 February 2026.
  39. ↑ "Oameni care schimbă lumea: Piratul care a schimbat legea partidelor". Digi24 (in Romanian). Retrieved 2 February 2026.
  40. ↑ "Singuri împotriva tuturor. Românii care au schimbat legea partidelor". Adevărul (in Romanian). Retrieved 2 February 2026.
  41. ↑ "Partidul Piraților - cine este și ce își propune". HotNews.ro (in Romanian). Retrieved 2 February 2026.
  42. ↑ Hudson, Alex (19 March 2015). "The Pirates becomes the most popular political party in Iceland". Mirror. Archived from the original on 19 August 2023. Retrieved 7 August 2015.
  43. ↑ "The Pirate Party is now measured as the biggest political party in Iceland". Vísir.is. 19 March 2015. Archived from the original on 4 December 2016. Retrieved 7 August 2015.
  44. ↑ Björnsson, Anna Margrét (6 April 2016). "Almost half of Icelandic nation now want the Pirate Party". Iceland Monitor. Archived from the original on 1 January 2020. Retrieved 6 April 2016.
  45. ↑ Andrea Platten | Senior Staff (14 April 2017). "Executive seats split between CalSERVE, Student Action in 2017 ASUC elections". The Daily Californian. Archived from the original on 7 June 2023. Retrieved 12 May 2017.
  46. ↑ Copley, Caroline (20 September 2009). "Germany's 'Pirate Party' hopes for election surprise". Reuters blog. Reuters. Archived from the original on 23 September 2009. Retrieved 5 March 2014.
  47. ↑ Engström, Christian (2 June 2010). "Urging MEPs to withdraw their Written Declaration 29 signatures". Christian Engström blog. WordPress.com. Archived from the original on 12 February 2014. Retrieved 5 March 2014.
  48. ↑ "Pirate Parties International". Wiki of Pirate Parties International. Archived from the original on 21 May 2012. Retrieved 21 January 2011.
  49. ↑ "22 Pirate Parties from all over the world officially founded the Pirate Parties International". Pirate Parties International. 21 April 2010. Archived from the original on 4 March 2012. Retrieved 5 April 2012.
  50. ↑ "Here comes the European Pirate Party". PirateTimes. 30 March 2020. Archived from the original on 3 June 2019. Retrieved 12 December 2013.
  51. ↑ "Registered Parties". Authority for European political parties and European political foundations. Retrieved 12 September 2024.
  52. ↑ "Pirate Party - Telecommunication Systems - 2729 - stkip-sera.download-soalujian.com". stkip-sera.download-soalujian.com. Retrieved 30 October 2020.
  53. ↑ Meikar, Silver (2014). "Minu lubadused". www.meikar.ee. Archived from the original on 29 May 2014.
  54. ↑ Piraadipartei (November 2019). "Organisatsioonist".
  55. ↑ "Foreign Minister Lipavský to remain in government as non-party member". Radio Prague International. 1 October 2024. Retrieved 25 February 2025.
  56. ↑ "Bc. Frantisek Navrkal". public.psp.cz. Archived from the original on 9 March 2021. Retrieved 25 April 2020.
  57. ↑ "Mgr. Radek Holomcik". public.psp.cz. Archived from the original on 25 February 2021. Retrieved 25 April 2020.
  58. ↑ "Bc. Frantisek Navrkal". public.psp.cz. Archived from the original on 9 March 2021. Retrieved 25 April 2020. [verification needed]
  59. ↑ "Tomas Vymazal". public.psp.cz. Archived from the original on 27 February 2021. Retrieved 25 April 2020.
  60. ↑ "Mgr. Radek Holomcik". public.psp.cz. Archived from the original on 25 February 2021. Retrieved 25 April 2020. [verification needed]
  61. ↑ "Senátorka Šípová prchá od Pirátů - Novinky". www.novinky.cz (in Czech). 21 March 2025. Retrieved 7 April 2025.
  62. ↑ "Defection complete: Former Pirate Party MP Ben Polidori joins LSAP: statement". today.rtl.lu. Retrieved 3 December 2024.
  63. ↑ "Piratenpartij presenteert verkiezingsprogramma" (in Dutch). 3VOOR12 NL. 20 May 2010. Archived from the original on 28 September 2011. Retrieved 9 April 2011.
  64. ↑ "Economy & Finances". European Pirate Party. Retrieved 8 October 2025. Cryptocurrency. We, as the Pirates, see the potential of crypto assets and that they may have a positive role in economic development. We want to protect cash for its anonymity, including digital cash.
  65. ↑ Ludlow, Peter (2001). Crypto Anarchy, Cyberstates, and Pirate Utopias (PDF). MIT Press. Retrieved 8 October 2025.
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