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Help:IPA/Burmese

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The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents the Burmese language pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.

See Burmese phonology for a more thorough overview of the sounds of Burmese.

Consonants
IPABurmese exampleEnglish approximation
b ဘဲ [bɛ́]bat
d ဓာတ် [daʔ]dye
dʑ ဂျင် [dʑɪ̀ɰ̃]jump
ð[a] အညာသား [ʔəɲàðá]this
ɡ ဂုဏ် [ɡòʊɰ̃]gate
h ဟုတ် [hoʊʔ]hone
j ယား [já]yield
k[b] ကုန် [kòʊɰ̃]scan
kʰ[c] ခုန် [kʰòʊɰ̃]can
l လုပ် [loʊʔ]lay
l̥ လှုပ် [l̥oʊʔ]play; like a clear /l/ but voiceless
m မတ် [maʔ]much
m̥ မှတ် [m̥aʔ]wormhole
n နမ်း [náɰ̃]not
n̥ နှမ်း [n̥áɰ̃]unhappy
ɲ ညစ် [ɲɪʔ]canyon
ɲ̥ ညှစ် [ɲ̥ɪʔ]No English equivalent; like /ɲ/, but voiceless
ŋ ငါး [ŋá]sing
ŋ̊ ငှါး [ŋ̊á]Shanghai
p[b] ပဲ [pɛ́]spat
pʰ[c] ဖဲ [pʰɛ́]pat
ɹ[d] တိရစ္ဆာန် [təɹeɪʔsʰàɰ̃]rock
s စာ [sà]same
sʰ[c][e] ဆာ [sʰà]gas
ʃ ရှာ [ʃà]shoe
t[b] တတ် [taʔ]stop
tʰ[c] ထပ် [tʰaʔ]top
tɕ[b] ကြဉ် [tɕɪ̀ɰ̃]itch
tɕʰ[c] ချင် [tɕʰɪ̀ɰ̃]chew
θ[f] သတ် [θaʔ]thin
w ဝါး [wá]wield
ʍ လက်ဝှေ့ [lɛʔʍḛ]what in some conservative dialects; voiceless /w/
ɰ̃[g] ခံ [kʰàɰ̃]Japanese たん or Mongolian хаан; see footnote
z ဇာ [zà]zoo
ʔ အုတ် [ʔoʊʔ]uh-oh, Cockney bottle
Vowels
IPABurmese exampleEnglish approximation
a နား [ná]father
aɪ နိုင် [nàɪɰ̃]might
aʊ[h] နောက် [naʊʔ]mouth
e နေ [nè]Scottish English mate
eɪ[h] နိပ် [neɪʔ]may
ɛ နယ် [nɛ̀]met
ə[i] ခလုတ် [kʰəloʊʔ]comma
i နီး [ní]meet
ɪ[h] နင်း [nɪ́ɰ̃]mit
o နို့ [no̰]story
oʊ[h] နုန်း [nóʊɰ̃]mole
ɔ နော် [nɔ̀]off
u နှူး [n̥ú]cool
ʊ[h] နွမ်း [nʊ́ɰ̃]cook
Tones
IPABurmese examplesExplanation
` ငါ [ŋà]Normal phonation, medium duration, low intensity, low (often slightly rising) pitch
´ ငါး [ŋá]Sometimes slightly breathy, relatively long, high intensity, high pitch; often with a fall before a pause
˷ ငါ့ [ŋa̰]Tense or creaky phonation (sometimes with lax glottal stop), medium duration, high intensity, high (often slightly falling) pitch

Notes

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  1. ↑ Varies between [d̪~d̪͡ð~ð~ɾ̪͡ð~ɾ̪]. Voiced allophone of /θ/.
  2. 1 2 3 4 Unaspirated, like in Romance or Slavic languages.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 Heavily aspirated (very high VOT), like in Korean or Navajo.
  4. ↑ A marginal consonant in Burmese, /ɹ/ occurs only in foreign words, and is often replaced by /j/ or /l/.
  5. ↑ Often realized as [s̤].
  6. ↑ Varies between [t̪~t̪͡θ~θ~ɾ̪̥͡θ~ɾ̪̥ʰ].
  7. ↑ The vowel before /ɰ̃/ is always nasalized, and if a consonant follows /ɰ̃/, then /ɰ̃/ becomes homorganic with the following consonant; e.g., ပြည်ထောင်စု 'union' /pjìdàʊɰ̃zṵ/ > [pjìdã̀ʊ̯̃nzṵ].
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 The sounds [aʊ], [eɪ], [ɪ], [oʊ], and [ʊ][citation needed] are allophones of /ɔ/, /e/, /i/, /o/, and /u/[citation needed] respectively, occurring in closed syllables, i.e. before /ɰ̃/ and /ʔ/.
  9. ↑ Only occurs in minor syllables, i.e. open non-final syllables without tone.

See also

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