| Tfmbty/1996 Pacific typhoon season | |
|---|---|
 Season summary map | |
| Seasonal boundaries | |
| First system formed | January 12, 1996 |
| Last system dissipated | December 29, 1996 |
| Strongest storm | |
| Name | Dale |
| • Maximum winds | 280 km/h (175 mph) (1-minute sustained) |
| • Lowest pressure | 900 hPa (mbar) |
| Seasonal statistics | |
| Total depressions | 52 |
| Total storms | 31 |
| Typhoons | 16 |
| Super typhoons | 6 |
| Total fatalities | 935 |
| Total damage | $6.88 billion (1996 USD) |
| Related articles | |
The 1996 Pacific typhoon season has no official bounds; it ran year-round in 1996, but most tropical cyclones tend to form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean between May and November.[1] These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean.
The scope of this article is limited to the Pacific Ocean, north of the equator and west of the international date line. Storms that form east of the date line and north of the equator are called hurricanes; see 1996 Pacific hurricane season. Tropical Storms formed in the entire west pacific basin were assigned a name by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center. Tropical depressions in this basin have the "W" suffix added to their number. Tropical depressions that enter or form in the Philippine area of responsibility are assigned a name by the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration or PAGASA. This can often result in the same storm having two names.
Season summary
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Systems
editThe 1996 season was very active. Forty-three tropical cyclones formed this year, of which 34 became tropical storms. Fifteen storms reached typhoon intensity, of which six reached super typhoon strength.
Tropical Depression 01W
edit| Tropical depression (SSHWS) | |
  | |
| Duration | February 28 – March 1 |
|---|---|
| Peak intensity | 55 km/h (35 mph) (1-min); 1000 hPa (mbar) |
On February 23, a large area of convection developed south of the Philippines Sea. The convection developed into a low pressure area and was at first bombarded by wind shear, but conditions soon turned favorable which allowed it to strengthen rapidly on February 27 before becoming a Tropical depression later that day. The JMA upgraded 01W into a Tropical Storm before it drifted over the Philippines on February 29, and weakened slightly due to land interaction.[2][3] On March 1, a cold front brought cold, dry air and vertical wind shear which pushed the system south caused the system's low level circulation center to become exposed. The exposed remnants of 01W continued to drift south, before being completely absorbed by the Intertropical Convergence Zone.[citation needed]
Tropical Storm Ann
edit| Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
  | |
| Duration | April 1 – April 10 |
|---|---|
| Peak intensity | 75 km/h (45 mph) (1-min); 995 hPa (mbar) |
Ann (Biring) developed on March 30. The storm struck the Philippines on April 7 and dissipated three days later.
Tropical Depression 03W
edit| Tropical depression (SSHWS) | |
  | |
| Duration | April 25 – April 26 |
|---|---|
| Peak intensity | 45 km/h (30 mph) (1-min); 1004 hPa (mbar) |
Tropical Depression 03W existed over the South China Sea from April 25 to April 26.
Typhoon Bart
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Tropical Storm Cam
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Typhoon Dan
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Typhoon Eve
edit| Category 5 super typhoon (SSHWS) | |
  | |
| Duration | July 13 – July 24 |
|---|---|
| Peak intensity | 260 km/h (160 mph) (1-min); 925 hPa (mbar) |
A Tropical Upper Tropospheric Trough spawned Tropical Depression 7W on July 10 over the open Western Pacific. It tracked generally west-northwestward, strengthening to a tropical storm on the 14th. On the 15th Eve became a typhoon, which was followed by a period of explosive deepening to a 100 mph Typhoon, with a pressure drop of 40 mb from early on the 15th to early on the 16th. An eyewall replacement cycle weakened Eve to a 95 mph typhoon, but as the outer eyewall contracted, the storm again reached wind speeds of 97 mph before hitting southern Japan on the 18th. Rapidly weakening over the mountains, Eve turned eastward over the islands and the last warning was issued on the 20th. It restrengthened to a tropical storm east of Japan, and continued northeastward until dissipation on the 27th. Eve, despite being a Category 4 at landfall, caused no reported deaths and only 9 injuries.[4]
Typhoon Frankie
edit| Category 1 typhoon (SSHWS) | |
  | |
| Duration | July 20 – July 25 |
|---|---|
| Peak intensity | 140 km/h (85 mph) (1-min); 975 hPa (mbar) |
An active monsoon trough over the Western Pacific Ocean developed 3 typhoons; Frankie, Gloria, and Herb. The first, Frankie, developed in the South China Sea on July 19. It tracked west-northwestward and became a tropical storm on the 21st. After crossing the island of Hainan Frankie rapidly intensified to a 100 mph typhoon, 945 millibar over the Gulf of Tonkin. It northern Vietnam on the 23rd, and dissipated 2 days later over China. 104 people were reported killed or missing in association with Frankie, and damage figures are estimated at over $200 million (1996 US Dollars).[4]
Typhoon Gloria
edit| Category 1 typhoon (SSHWS) | |
  | |
| Duration | July 21 – July 28 |
|---|---|
| Peak intensity | 150 km/h (90 mph) (1-min); 965 hPa (mbar) |
The same monsoon trough that spawned Frankie also spawned a tropical depression on July 19 east of the Philippines. It headed northwestward, slowly organizing into a tropical storm on the 22nd. The next day Gloria reached typhoon strength, and a day later it reached its peak of 100 mph winds. Gloria brushed the northern coast of the Philippines and turned northward to hit Taiwan on the 26th. After crossing the island and the Taiwan Straight, Gloria hit China where she dissipated on the 27th. Gloria caused 23 casualties, 20 of which were in the northern Philippines. In addition, damage was estimated at $20 million (1996 USD).[4]
Typhoon Herb
edit| Category 5 super typhoon (SSHWS) | |
  | |
| Duration | July 23 – August 4 |
|---|---|
| Peak intensity | 260 km/h (160 mph) (1-min); 925 hPa (mbar) |
Super Typhoon Herb was the strongest and the largest storm of 1996. Herb struck Ryūkyū Islands, Taiwan and People's Republic of China. Maximum sustained winds of the cyclone reached 160 miles per hour (260 km/h) over the open ocean. The system led to 590 casualties and US$5 billion in damage (1996 dollars).[4]
Tropical Storm Ian
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Typhoon Joy
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Typhoon Kirk
edit| Category 3 typhoon (SSHWS) | |
  | |
| Duration | August 3 – August 15 |
|---|---|
| Peak intensity | 205 km/h (125 mph) (1-min); 950 hPa (mbar) |
A monsoon depression developed on July 28 over the open Pacific Ocean. It headed northwestward, slowly consolidating to become a tropical storm on the 5th. While south of Japan, Kirk drifted to the southeast and looped back to the west, strengthening to a typhoon on the 8th while looping. It continued slowly northwestward, and while curving to the northeast Kirk reached a peak of 110 mph winds. The typhoon struck southwestern Japan at that intensity on the 14th. It weakened over the country, and dissipated on the 16th over the northern Pacific. Kirk caused heavy flooding, resulting in at least 2 deaths and moderate damage.[4]
Tropical Storm Lisa
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Tropical Depression 15W
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Tropical Storm Marty
edit| Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
  | |
| Duration | August 12 – August 16 |
|---|---|
| Peak intensity | 65 km/h (40 mph) (1-min); 1000 hPa (mbar) |
The monsoon trough spawned a tropical depression over southern China on August 11. It drifted southwestward, entering the Gulf of Tonkin on the 12th. An extremely small cyclone, it reached tropical storm strength on the 13th and a peak of 60 mph on the 14th. Marty made landfall on the 14th on northern Vietnam, where it dissipated 3 days later. Though small and somewhat weak, Marty managed to cause moderate damage and flooding, amounting to the deaths of 125 with 107 people missing.[4]
Tropical Depression 17W
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Typhoon Niki
edit| Category 2 typhoon (SSHWS) | |
  | |
| Duration | August 17 – August 23 |
|---|---|
| Peak intensity | 155 km/h (100 mph) (1-min); 970 hPa (mbar) |
Niki developed on August 16. It struck Luzon on August 19 and then crossed the South China Sea. The typhoon later made landfall in Hainan on August 20 and northern Vietnam on August 21. Niki dissipated by August 23.
Typhoon Orson
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Tropical Storm Piper
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Tropical Depression 21W
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Tropical Depression Rick
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Typhoon Sally
edit| Category 4 super typhoon (SSHWS) | |
  | |
| Duration | September 5 – September 10 |
|---|---|
| Peak intensity | 250 km/h (155 mph) (1-min); 930 hPa (mbar) |
On September 2, a tropical depression developed well east of the Philippines. It headed west-northwestward, reaching tropical storm strength on the 5th and typhoon strength on the 6th. On the 7th Sally rapidly intensified to a 160 mph Super Typhoon while passing just north of the Philippines. It weakened slightly yet steadily to a 115 mph typhoon over the South China Sea, hitting the Luichow Peninsula of China on the 9th, and dissipated the next day over the country. Sally brought heavy rain and damage to China, causing 114 casualties, 110 people missing, and economic losses estimated at $1.5 billion (1996 USD).[4]
Tropical Depression 24W
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Typhoon Violet
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Typhoon Tom
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Typhoon Willie
edit| Category 1 typhoon (SSHWS) | |
  | |
| Duration | September 15 – September 23 |
|---|---|
| Peak intensity | 120 km/h (75 mph) (1-min); 985 hPa (mbar) |
An active monsoon trough that also developed Typhoons Tom (25W) and Violet (26W) spawned a tropical depression in the Gulf of Tonkin on September 16. It moved counter-clockwise around Hainan Island, becoming a tropical storm on the 17th and a typhoon on the 19th. It crossed the narrow Hainan Strait between Hainan and China, and continued west-southwestward across the Gulf of Tonkin. Willie made landfall on Vietnam on the 22nd, and dissipated the next day. The typhoon resulted in 38 fatalities from flooding.[4]
Typhoon Yates
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Typhoon Zane
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Tropical Storm Abel
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Tropical Depression 31W
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Typhoon Beth
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Typhoon Carlo
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Tropical Depression 34W
edit| Tropical depression (SSHWS) | |
  | |
| Duration | October 24 – October 30 (Exited basin) |
|---|---|
| Peak intensity | 55 km/h (35 mph) (1-min); 1000 hPa (mbar) |
Tropical Depression 34W formed over the Sulu Sea on October 24. It struck Pawalan on the next day. After tracking across the South China Sea, 34W made landfall in Thailand on October 30. It crossed the Malay Peninsula and entered the North Indian Ocean basin later that day. The storm dissipated shortly thereafter, but later re-developing into the Andhra Pradesh cyclone.
Tropical Depression 35W
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Typhoon Dale
edit| Category 5 super typhoon (SSHWS) | |
  | |
| Duration | November 3 – November 13 |
|---|---|
| Peak intensity | 270 km/h (165 mph) (1-min); 900 hPa (mbar) |
A cluster of thunderstorm activity formed southeast of Guam on November 2. The system slowly organized, becoming a tropical depression on November 4. Remaining nearly stationary, the depression intensified into a tropical storm late in the day. The cyclone then turned westward, becoming a typhoon by November 7. Late in the day, Dale passed south of Guam bringing winds as high as 74 knots (137 km/h) and high seas which overtopped cliffs 30 metres (98 ft) high. Damage on the island totaled US$3.5 million (1996 dollars.) Continuing to intensify, Dale became a supertyphoon in the Philippine Sea on November 9. On November 10, Dale turned north, recurving east of the Philippines. On November 14, Dale accelerated east-northeast at more than 60 knots (110 km/h) as it became an extratropical cyclone.[4]
Tropical Storm Ernie
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Tropical Depression 38W
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Tropical Depression 39W
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Tropical Depression 40W
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Tropical Depression 41W
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Typhoon Fern
edit| Category 2 typhoon (SSHWS) | |
  | |
| Duration | December 21 – December 29 |
|---|---|
| Peak intensity | 155 km/h (100 mph) (1-min); 975 hPa (mbar) |
A tropical depression formed on December 21, when a low-level circulation center began to produce deep convection. The depression strengthened into a tropical storm the next day, and was given the name Fern by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC). The storm slowly intensified into a Category 1 typhoon on the Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale, according to JTWC. Fern peaked north of Yap on December 26, with JTWC assessing winds of 150 km/h (90 mph), while the Regional Specialized Meteorological Center, Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) assessed peak winds of 110 km/h (70 mph), just below typhoon strength. The storm soon became sheared and weakened slowly. Fern continued to weaken to a tropical depression on December 30. Both agencies stopped advisories later on the same day.
Tropical Depression Greg
edit| Tropical depression (SSHWS) | |
  | |
| Duration | December 24 – December 27 |
|---|---|
| Peak intensity | 55 km/h (35 mph) (1-min); 1002 hPa (mbar) |
Two active monsoon troughs that also developed Typhoon Fern and Southern Hemisphere Cyclones Ophelia, Phil, and Fergus spawned Tropical Depression 43W in the South China Sea on December 21. Due to the troughs' nature, the depression headed east-southeastward, where it strengthened into the final tropical storm of the year on the 24th; Greg. After reaching a peak of 45 knots (83 km/h) winds it crossed the northern part of Borneo on the 25th. It continued east-southeastward until dissipation on the 27th, south of the Philippines. Greg caused extensive property damage on Borneo from torrential flooding, resulting in 127 deaths and 100 people missing.[4]
Storm names
editDuring the season 30 named tropical cyclones developed in the Western Pacific and were named by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center, when it was determined that they had become tropical storms. These names were contributed to a revised list which started in 1996.
| Ann | Bart | Cam | Dan | Eve | Frankie | Gloria | Herb | Ian | Joy | Kirk | Lisa | Marty | Niki | Orson |
| Piper | Rick | Sally | Tom | Violet | Willie | Yates | Zane | Abel | Beth | Carlo | Dale | Ernie | Fern | Greg |
Season effects
editThis table summarizes all the systems that developed within or moved into the North Pacific Ocean, to the west of the International Date Line during 1997. The tables also provide an overview of a systems intensity, duration, land areas affected and any deaths or damages associated with the system.
| Name | Dates | Peak intensity | Areas affected | Damage (USD) |
Deaths | Ref(s). | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Category | Wind speed | Pressure | ||||||
| TD | January 12 | Tropical depression | Not specified | 1008 hPa (29.77 inHg) | Philippines | None | None | |
| 01W | February 28 – March 1 | Tropical storm | 65 km/h (40 mph) | 998 hPa (29.47 inHg) | Philippines | None | None | |
| Ann | April 1 – 10 | Tropical storm | 65 km/h (40 mph) | 1000 hPa (29.53 inHg) | Caroline Islands, Philippines | None | None | |
| 03W | April 25 – 26 | Tropical depression | 45 km/h (30 mph) | 1004 hPa (29.65 inHg) | None | None | None | |
| Bart | May 8 – 18 | Typhoon | 175 km/h (110 mph) | 930 hPa (27.46 inHg) | Philippines | None | None | |
| Cam | May 18 – 24 | Tropical storm | 75 km/h (45 mph) | 994 hPa (29.35 inHg) | Philippines, Tawian | None | None | |
| TD | June 13 – 15 | Tropical depression | Not specified | 1004 hPa (29.65 inHg) | South China | None | None | |
| Dan | July 5 – 12 | Typhoon | 120 km/h (75 mph) | 970 hPa (28.64 inHg) | Japan | None | None | |
| Eve | July 13 – 24 | Typhoon | 155 km/h (100 mph) | 940 hPa (27.76 inHg) | Japan | None | None | |
| Frankie | July 20 – 25 | Severe tropical storm | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 975 hPa (28.79 inHg) | South China, Vietnam | $204 million | 104 | |
| Gloria | July 21 – 18 | Typhoon | 120 km/h (75 mph) | 965 hPa (28.50 inHg) | Philippines, Taiwan, China | $20 million | 23 | |
| Herb | July 23 – August 4 | Typhoon | 175 km/h (110 mph) | 925 hPa (27.32 inHg) | Mariana Islands, Taiwan, Ryukyu Islands, China | $5 billion | 284 | |
| Ian | July 28 – 29 | Tropical depression | 75 km/h (45 mph) | 1002 hPa (29.59 inHg) | Mariana Islands | None | None | |
| Joy | July 29 – August 6 | Severe tropical storm | 100 km/h (65 mph) | 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) | None | None | None | |
| TD | July 31 | Tropical depression | Not specified | 1004 hPa (29.65 inHg) | Caroline Islands | None | None | |
| TD | August 2 – 3 | Tropical depression | Not specified | 998 hPa (29.47 inHg) | South China | None | None | |
| Kirk | August 3 – 15 | Typhoon | 140 km/h (85 mph) | 955 hPa (28.20 inHg) | Japan | None | 2 | |
| Lisa | August 5 – 9 | Tropical storm | 75 km/h (45 mph) | 996 hPa (29.41 inHg) | South China | None | None | |
| TD | August 7 | Tropical depression | Not specified | 1002 hPa (29.59 inHg) | None | None | None | |
| 15W | August 12 – 16 | Tropical depression | 55 km/h (35 mph) | 998 hPa (29.47 inHg) | None | None | None | |
| TD | August 12 | Tropical depression | Not specified | 1002 hPa (29.59 inHg) | South China | None | None | |
| Marty | August 12 – 16 | Tropical depression | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 998 hPa (29.47 inHg) | South China, Vietnam | $198 million | 125 | |
| 17W | August 14 – 16 | Tropical depression | 55 km/h (35 mph) | 1008 hPa (29.77 inHg) | None | None | None | |
| Niki | August 17 – 23 | Typhoon | 140 km/h (85 mph) | 955 hPa (28.20 inHg) | Philippines, Vietnam, South China | $65 million | Unknown | |
| TD | August 17 | Tropical depression | Not specified | 1008 hPa (29.77 inHg) | None | None | None | |
| Orson | August 20 – September 3 | Typhoon | 140 km/h (85 mph) | 955 hPa (28.20 inHg) | Mariana Islands | None | None | |
| TD | August 21 – 22 | Tropical depression | Not specified | 1008 hPa (29.77 inHg) | None | None | None | |
| Piper | August 22 – 26 | Tropical storm | 75 km/h (45 mph) | 996 hPa (29.41 inHg) | None | None | None | |
| TD | August 25 – 26 | Tropical depression | Not specified | 1008 hPa (29.77 inHg) | None | None | None | |
| 21W | August 26 – 27 | Tropical depression | 45 km/h (30 mph) | 1008 hPa (29.77 inHg) | None | None | None | |
| Rick | August 28 – September 1 | Tropical depression | 65 km/h (40 mph) | 1004 hPa (29.65 inHg) | None | None | None | |
| Sally | September 4 – 10 | Typhoon | 155 km/h (100 mph) | 940 hPa (27.76 inHg) | Philippines, South China | $1.5 billion | 140 | |
| 24W | September 10 – 14 | Tropical depression | 85 km/h (50 mph) | 996 hPa (29.41 inHg) | Philippines, Vietnam | None | None | |
| Violet | September 11 – 23 | Typhoon | 165 km/h (105 mph) | 935 hPa (27.32 inHg) | Japan | None | None | |
| Tom | September 12 – 20 | Typhoon | 130 km/h (80 mph) | 965 hPa (28.50 inHg) | Mariana Islands | None | None | |
| Willie | September 15 – 23 | Severe tropical storm | 100 km/h (65 mph) | 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) | South China, Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos | Unknown | 38 | |
| Yates | September 21 – October 1 | Typhoon | 165 km/h (105 mph) | 935 hPa (27.32 inHg) | Mariana Islands | None | None | |
| Zane | September 23 – October 3 | Typhoon | 150 km/h (90 mph) | 950 hPa (28.05 inHg) | Marshall Islands, Mariana Islands | None | None | |
| Abel | October 10 – 17 | Tropical depression | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 1002 hPa (29.59 inHg) | Philippines, Vietnam | $4.3 million | 8 | |
| Beth | October 11 – 22 | Severe tropical storm | 110 km/h (70 mph) | 975 hPa (28.79 inHg) | Philippines, Vietnam | Unknown | Unknown | |
| 31W | October 15 – 16 | Tropical depression | 55 km/h (35 mph) | 1006 hPa (29.41 inHg) | Mariana Islands | None | None | |
| Carlo | October 20 – 26 | Typhoon | 130 km/h (80 mph) | 965 hPa (28.50 inHg) | Mariana Islands | None | None | |
| 34W | October 24 – 25 | Tropical depression | 55 km/h (35 mph) | 1006 hPa (29.41 inHg) | Mariana Islands | None | None | |
| 35W | November 1 – 3 | Tropical depression | 75 km/h (45 mph) | 998 hPa (29.47 inHg) | Vietnam | $138 million | 60 | |
| Dale | November 3 – 13 | Typhoon | 135 km/h (105 mph) | 930 hPa (27.46 inHg) | Caroline Islands, Mariana Islands | None | None | |
| Ernie | November 4 – 16 | Tropical storm | 75 km/h (45 mph) | 996 hPa (29.41 inHg) | None | $5.1 million | 24 | |
| 38W | November 5 – 8 | Tropical depression | 95 km/h (60 mph) | 1000 hPa (29.53 inHg) | Wake Island | None | None | |
| 39W | November 7 – 8 | Tropical depression | 55 km/h (35 mph) | 1006 hPa (29.41 inHg) | Mariana Islands | None | None | |
| 40W | November 24 – 26 | Tropical depression | 45 km/h (30 mph) | 1002 hPa (29.59 inHg) | Mariana Islands | None | None | |
| 41W | December 14 – 20 | Tropical depression | 55 km/h (35 mph) | 1000 hPa (29.53 inHg) | None | None | None | |
| Fern | December 21 – 29 | Severe tropical storm | 110 km/h (70 mph) | 975 hPa (28.79 inHg) | Caroline Islands, Mariana Islands | $3 million | None | |
| Greg | December 24 – 27 | Tropical depression | 85 km/h (50 mph) | 1002 hPa (29.59 inHg) | Malaysia, Philippines, Borneo | None | 127 | |
| Season aggregates | ||||||||
| 52 systems | January 12 – December 29 | 175 km/h (110 mph) | 925 hPa (27.32 inHg) | 6.88 billion | 935 | |||
See also
edit
- 1996 Pacific hurricane season
- 1996 Atlantic hurricane season
- 1996 North Indian Ocean cyclone season
- South-West Indian Ocean cyclone seasons: 1995–96, 1996–97
- Australian region cyclone seasons: 1995–96, 1996–97
- South Pacific cyclone seasons: 1995–96, 1996–97
References
edit- ↑ Gary Padgett. May 2003 Tropical Cyclone Summary. Archived September 25, 2006, at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 2006-08-26.
- ↑ ftp://eclipse.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/ibtracs/.original_source/tokyo/bst_all.txt.htm#45718 JMA Best Track of 01W
- ↑ http://www.usno.navy.mil/NOOC/nmfc-ph/RSS/jtwc/atcr/1996atcr.pdf JTWC Annual Tropical Cyclone Report
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 1996 Pacific Typhoon Tropical Cyclone Report: Chapter 3. Archived 2011-06-07 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on 2007-01-07.
- ↑ http://www.usinflationcalculator.com/
- ↑ http://cidi.org/disaster/96b/6k01.html
External links
edit- Japan Meteorological Agency
- Joint Typhoon Warning Center.
- China Meteorological Agency
- National Weather Service Guam
- Hong Kong Observatory
- Macau Meteorological Geophysical Services
- Korea Meteorological Agency
- Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration
- Taiwan Central Weather Bureau
- Satellite movie of 1996 Pacific typhoon season
Tropical cyclones of the 1996 Pacific typhoon season | ||
|---|---|---|
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