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"Rough draft" crap

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Old bus stuff

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The transit network focuses on point-to-point service with some routes having different destinations but sharing the same core segments. Many routes serve downtown Madison and the University of Wisconsin- Madison where transit usage is high.

The vast majority of service updates reflected in this section went into effect in June 2023. Significant changes include the restructuring of the main route network, including the discontinuation of the previous transfer point system, and the reintroduction of lettered routes replacing the previous numbering system. Although a small amount of weekday commuter routes remain numbered for administrative reasons. The University of Wisconsin circulator system was largely unaffected by the changes and retain its previous numbers/ routes.

Regular Routes

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All routes in the table below run daily with varying service levels given the time/ day.

Route Terminals[note 1] Major streets[note 2] Notes
A Junction & Watts 1: Sun Prairie Park & Ride East Springs Dr, High Crossing Blvd Future BRT route
2: American Center/ Hanson Rd American Pkwy, East Park Blvd
B Fitchburg/ Cahill Main Northport Dr Fish Hatchery Rd, Park St, Packers Ave Future BRT route
C UW Hospital/ Highland Ave 1: Specher & Cottage Grove Old University Ave, King St, Wilson St, Jenifer St, Winnebago St, Atwood Ave
2: Buckeye Rd
D 1: Junction & Watts Specher & Cottage Grove Schroeder Rd, Tokay Blvd, Odana Rd, Milwaukee St
2: McKee & Maple Grove Airport/ International Ln Fitchrona Rd, Williamsburg Way, Allied Dr, Nakoma Rd, Sherman Ave
E McKee Rd Capitol Square Raymond Rd, Whitney Way, Mineral Point Rd, Regent St, W. Washington Ave
F Junction Rd- Middleton Sheboygan Ave- Capitol Square Deming Way, University Ave, Parmenter St, Century Ave, Allen Blvd, Sheboygan Ave Future BRT route
G South Transfer Pt East Towne Mall/ Independence Ln Badger Rd, South Towne Dr, E. Broadway, Monona Dr (no stops), Dempsey Rd, Thompson Rd, Eagan Rd
H West Towne Mall/ Westfield Rd South Transfer Pt Gammon Rd, McKenna Blvd, Raymond Rd, Todd Dr, Fish Hatchery Rd, Badger Rd
J West Towne Mall/ Westfield Rd Park St/ Brooks & Johnson Odana Rd, Tokay Blvd, Speedway Rd, Highland Ave/ UW Hospital
L Owl Creek Rd Cherokee Park & Wheeler Dutch Mill Rd, Agriculture Dr, Pflaum Rd, Atwood Ave, Sherman Ave
O South Transfer Pt Park St/ Brooks & Johnson Badger Rd, Fish Hatchery Rd, Randall Ave, Olin Ave, John Nolan Dr, Rimrock Rd
R 1: Junction & Watts Sheboygan Ave- Capitol Square High Point Rd, Old Sauk Rd, Old Middleton Rd
2: South Ridge/ Highway Q & Century Ave Century Ave, University Ave, Gammon Rd

Weekday peak-only routes

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Route Terminals Major Streets[note 3] Notes
28 UW Hospital Sherman Ave Observatory Dr/ UW Campus, Charter St, Fordem Ave
38 UW Hospital Jenifer & Ingersoll Babcock Dr/ UW Campus, Basset St, Broom St, Wilson St, Doty St, Williamson St
55 Junction & Watts Epic Campus High Point Rd, Mid Town Rd, Northern Lights Rd
65 UW Hospital Fitchburg John Nolan Dr, Rimrock Rd, Lacy Rd, E. Cheryl Pkwy
75 Epic Campus/ Verona Capitol Square Verona Ave, McKee Rd, Fish Hatchery Rd, Park St

Sun Prairie Circulator Service

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Madison Metro provides two local service bus routes within the City of Sun Prairie. Both routes run on a looping circulator route system beginning and ending at the Sun Prairie Park and Ride.

  • S O'Keeffe Ave, Main St, Bristol St, Tower Dr, Windsor Ave, Grand Ave (Anti-Clockwise loop) (Daily)
  • W Grand Ave, Main St, US 151 (no stops), Windsor Ave, Bird St, O'Keeffe Ave (Clockwise loop) (Weekdays)

Oh Transit

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Regular Routes

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No. Route name Major Streets[note 4] Notes
1 Margaret & Mall Main St, Margaret St, Rudolph Rd, Fairfax St, London Rd, E. Hamilton Ave, Commonwealth Ave, Gateway Dr
2 Mt. Washington Water St, Menomonie St, Ferry St, Crescent Ave,
3 North High Putnam St, Birch St, Starr Ave, Western Ave, Runway Ave, Eddy Ln, Piedmont Rd Weekdays only, Airport service
4 Locust Lane Forest St, Birch St, River Prairie Dr, Seymour Rd, Hastings Way, Abby Hill Dr, Locust Ln, Morningside Dr Weekdays only
3/4 North High - Locust Lane Forest St, Birch St, Starr Ave, Western Ave, Piedmont Rd, Eddy Ln, Runway Ave, Locust Ln, Abby Hill Dr, Hastings Way, Pershing St Evenings & Saturdays
5 Rudolph Rd Harding Ave, Rudolph Rd, Golf Rd, London Rd
6 Putnam Heights & Mall Graham Ave, E. Hamilton Ave, Fairfax St, Golf Rd, Keystone Crs, Bullis Farm Rd, Gateway Dr, London Rd, Skeels Ave, Lexington Ave No evening service
7 West Clairemont Graham Ave, W. Clairemont Ave, Oak Ridge Dr, Craig Rd, Menomonie St, Water St
8 Folsom & Vine Madison St, 3rd St, Truax Blvd, Folsom St, Moholt Dr, Vine St, Oxford Ave
12 Delong Oxford Ave, Madison St, Vine St, Fairmont Ave, Cameron St, Whipple Ave, 5th Ave
15 West MacArthur W. MacArthur Ave, Stein Blvd, Eldordo Blvd, W. Hamilton Ave, Westover Rd
17 Altoona Galloway St, River Praire Dr, Oak Leaf Way, 10th St, Barlett Ave, Divison St, Spooner Ave, Margret St, Main St No evening service
18 Memorial High Main St, Highland Ave, Fenwick Ave, Fairfax St, E. Clairemont Ave, Keith St, Brackett Ave, Margret St
20 Westridge Center Madison St, Cameron St, Vine St, Folsum St, Moholt Dr, Whipple St, 5th Ave No evening service
21 Shopko Plaza W. MacArthur Ave, Eldordo Blvd, Craig Rd, International Dr, Sky Park Blvd, W. Hamilton Ave No evening service
  1. ↑ Routes may have multiple start/end points.
  2. ↑ Sections of roads with more than two concurrent routes are generally omitted for conciseness.
  3. ↑ Sections of streets with more than two concurrent routes are generally omitted for conciseness.
  4. ↑ Sections of roads with more than two concurrent routes near the downtown area are generally omitted for conciseness.

History

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The history of transit in the city began in 1879 when the first horse-drawn trolleys operated by the Eau Claire City Railway Co. began service. Eau Claire was the third city in Wisconsin to adopt the method of transport. The city was also a pioneer in the use of electric-powered trolleys, being one of the first in the United States to adopt this mode of transportation in the 1880s. The system was the first in the country to heat trolley cars using electricity, a development influenced by the state's climate.[1][2] By 1907, the interurban network stretched as far as Chippewa Falls.[3]

However, the system started to decline by the mid 1920s and the first buses started replacing the streetcar lines in 1930. Three years later buses had completely replaced the trolley network and the rail lines were abandoned. This transition was an early example of what would become a broader trend across the nation, where buses were viewed as a more financially prudent compared to the fixed routes and infrastructure required for trolleys.[4] Near the end of the decade, due to financial difficulties, the city sold the network to an area investor and was privately run as Eau Claire Transportation Co.[5][6] The company continued to run regions transit system for the next several decades until the mid 1970s when it was sold back the city and renamed Eau Claire Transit.[7]

In 1985, the city built a central transit center in the downtown area, which was intended to be a temporary location until a permanent transit center could be constructed. However, this temporary arrangement lasted for 36 years. Construction of the new transit center began on September 17, 2021, on the same site as the temporary 1985 transit center.

Northern Lite

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Northern Lite is an on-demand microtransit pilot service focused on Eau Claire’s north side. It was launched in July 2025 and operates during the agency's core weekday route hours.[8] Trips that extend beyond the coverage area require a transfer at the Transit Center. It is operated under contract by Via Transportation and financed through American Rescue Plan Act (ARPA) grant funding.[9][10]

Governance

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Eau Claire Transit (ECT) is a division of the city's Community Services Department and governed by a nine-member transit commission appointed by the City Council, comprising six citizen members, a council member, one Altoona resident, and one University of Wisconsin–Eau Claire (UWEC) student.[11] The system has a service area population of approximately 82,600 people across its fixed route network.[12] Responsibility for transit planning and regular service decisions rests primarily with the transit commission. The Council retains final approval over changes with significant budgetary impacts, but does not generally manage transit operations.[11]

The agency is not part of a regional transit authority or similar body following the repeal of Wisconsin state laws permitting such entities, and operates as a municipal department under state statutes.[13][14] Regional planning organizations in the area function in an advisory and coordination capacity, assisting with long range planning but without independent authority to raise funds or make service changes.[15] The City of Altoona funds service within its limits through a directly negotiated matching agreement with Eau Claire.[16]

Creamy Desert Beer

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Color key
Color Operator Note
Blue Transdev-Phoenix Formerly Veolia-Phoenix.
Operates the North and South Phoenix facilities.
Peach Transdev-Phoenix (formerly First Transit) Operates the West Phoenix facility.
Pink Keolis-RPTA (formerly First Transit) Operates the Mesa and Tempe facilities.
Replaced Veolia-RPTA (Mesa) and Veolia-Tempe on July 1, 2013.
Purple National Express (formerly Total Transit) Contracted by the RPTA.
Operated from the Total Transit facility in southeast Glendale.
Turquoise City of Glendale Only non-contracted routes in the system.
Also operates Glendale Dial-a-Ride.
Olive Dunn Transportation Operations only, maintenance performed in-house.
Brown National Express (formerly Ajo Transportation) Contracted by the RPTA.

TV stuff

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The station's digital signal is multiplexed:

Channel Video Aspect PSIP Short Name Programming
WEAU
RF 17		DRT
RF 30
13.130.11080i16:9WEAUHDMain WEAU programming / NBC
13.230.2480iCOZICozi TV
13.330.2MeTVMeTV
13.430.4MOVIESMovies!
14.1014.11WECXHDSimulacast of WECX-LD programming / The CW

Dee-TeeVee

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Digital terrestrial television (DTT, DTV, DTTB or DTTV) is a broadcast technology that transmits television signals digitally over the air, replacing analog transmission methods. It has become the primary form of free-to-air broadcasting in many countries, offering improved picture quality and the capacity to carry multiple channels within a single frequency. Reception typically requires a television antenna and a compatible receiver, such as a HD/UHD TV or set-top box.

The conversion from analog to digital broadcasting, known as the digital transition or analog switch-off (ASO), began with experimental transmissions in the 1990s. By the mid-2000s, many governments had established timelines for phasing out analog signals, with deadlines for the changeover, often including subsidies for equipment upgrades and limited exemptions for remote areas. Regional technical standards differ widely. North America and South Korea developed ATSC 1 and ATSC 3.0, while Europe and most of Africa and Oceania primarily use DVB-T and DVB-T2. Japan and much of Central and South America adopted ISDB-T and ISDB-Tb, and China operates the DTMB standard. Some of these standards also support mobile reception and interactive features. By late 2023, the International Telecommunication Union and DVB/EBU reported that more than 160 countries had completed their DTV transition, while some states were still in transition.[17][18]

Digital terrestrial television continues to play an important role in media distribution as a main form of free‑to‑air broadcasting in many regions. Many viewers rely on it especially for regional news and live sports, despite competition from multichannel video programming distributors (MVPDs) and the rapid growth of over-the-top streaming (OTT) services. Several countries are adopting newer standards that can improve video resolution and add functions that link over-the-air signals with online platforms. Additionally, over-the-air television is also used to carry critical emergency alerts during natural disasters and other crises.[19][20]

Flaming Pile

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USApple Association is a Virginia based nonprofit trade association for growers, marketers, equipment producers and related groups dealing with apples. The organization has members within forty states of the United States of America and advocates on behalf of 7,500 apple growers and 400 companies in the apple business. Their services include lobbying for the industry's interests at all the branches of the federal government and the public and to provide educational information. The association also provides industry specific data and newsletters for growers. It also strives to provide all U.S. apple industry the means to profitably produce and market apples and apple products.

The associations runs a website that supplies information for the public on all different apple cultivars grown in the United States. As they write, there are close to 100 cultivars grown commercially in the United States, but about 90% of the production consists of the 15 most popular cultivars.

NFL Sunday Ticket and NFL RedZone

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NFL Sunday Ticket is a subscription-based package that allows out of market regional games to be watched in full. Starting with the 2023 NFL regular season, YouTube TV and YouTube Primetime Channels, will offer NFL Sunday Ticket.[21] It will be exclusive to YouTube platforms in the US and available on streaming devices, mobile apps, smart TVs, as well as most web browsers.[22][23][24] Due to contractual reasons, national and in-market games are unavailable on the service. Sunday Ticket is also typically subject to the same blackout rules as local broadcasts.[25][26] Satellite broadcast company DirecTV previously offered Sunday Ticket from the inception of the product in 1994 until the end of the 2022 regular season.[27][28]

In Canada, NFL Sunday Ticket is available via the streaming service DAZN and on cable and satellite providers. This is due to Canadian law generally preventing one provider from offering a package on an exclusive basis.[29][30]

A similar service is available on NFL GamePass International and local providers outside of the USA and Canada. Blackout restrictions vary on an individual country basis due to network exclusivities.[31][32]

NFL RedZone is a premium network featuring whip-around coverage of regular season Sunday afternoon games in progress. The channel prides itself on showing "every touchdown from every game" using simulcasts from the relevant CBS and FOX feeds. It is available on many cable, streaming, and satellite providers in the United States, as well as several international services.[33][34]

Zoysia Grass

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Zoysia (Zoysia sp.) (Also known as Manila grass or Lawngrass in the Far East) is a turfgrass native to Asia that thrives in warm seasons. Common species used for turf include Zoysia japonica and Zoysia matrella including various hybrids of both.[35] The grass spreads by means of both rhizomes and stolons. A growth habit that results in a dense turf base that can suppress the establishment of some weeds. Zoysia's dense growth is also prone to developing a substantial layer of thatch. This layer is a mixture of dead and living organic material at the soil surface that can slow water and nutrients reaching the roots and may require periodic removal.[36][35] This density also provides tolerance to extreme temperatures, drought, and traffic.[37]

Because the grass germinates and grows slowly, establishment from seed is often unsuccessful and is typically planted as sod or plugs.[38] Compared to many turfgrasses typical in cool season areas, established Zoysia generally requires less irrigation and fertilization during the growing season.[37] Conversely, its slow growth rate means it is also slow to recover from damage or disease.[35] As a warm season grass, it enters dormancy and turns light brown after the first hard frost in temperate climates. It will generally break dormancy when soil temperatures consistently rise above 50 °F (10 °C).[38]

Me-no

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Media

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Menomonie is technically assigned to the Minneapolis–Saint Paul television market. Due to its geographic location, the city relies on the Eau Claire market for most over-the-air and local news coverage.[39][40] The city is the community of license for WHWC-TV, which serves as the PBS Wisconsin affiliate for the region.[41] It also hosts local NOAA Weather Radio station WXJ88.[42] The Fox affiliate for the area WEUX is licensed to Chippewa Falls. But maintains its transmitter in Colfax also within Dunn County.[43] Radio stations licensed to the city include iHeartMedia outlets WMEQ-AM and WMEQ-FM.[44] Wisconsin Public Radio also maintains two local stations WHWC-FM and WVSS as part its statewide network.[45]

Local telecommunications infrastructure is maintained by a mix of national and regional providers. Charter Communications (Spectrum) operates the local cable franchise.[46][47] TDS Telecom provides a competing FTTP network that was established during a market expansion into the region.[48] West Wisconsin Telcom serves as the incumbent local exchange carrier for the area. The cooperative also provides fiber-optic services to parts of the city and the surrounding areas of the local exchange.[49]

The Dunn County News functions as the city's newspaper of record. This weekly publication was founded in 1856 and is currently owned by Lee Enterprises.[50] In November 2024, the non-profit Menomonie News Net launched to provide expanded hyperlocal coverage.[51] UW–Stout is served by the Stoutonia, which is a student run campus newspaper established in 1915.[52]

Government

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Menomonie employs a mayor–council government under state statutes.[53] It elects a mayor, the city executive, at-large on a two-year basis.[54][55] An appointed city administrator oversees municipal operations and administrative departments. The legislative body consists of an eleven-member Common Council. Each member represents a specific geographic district, or ward, and serves a concurrent two-year term.[54][56] The council exercises legislative authority through the adoption of ordinances and the annual municipal budget.[57] Municipal services include public safety, public works, a municipal court, and public library.[58][55][59]

As the county seat of Dunn County, Menomonie serves as the county's governmental center. It also houses the county courthouse and jail facilities.[60][61][62] For congressional representation, Menomonie is situated within Wisconsin's 3rd congressional district. It is also part of Wisconsin Senate District 31 and State Assembly District 92.[63]

Sausage Jewlery

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'The Jule, formerly known as KeyLine Transit, is the public transit operator in Dubuque, Iowa. It provides fixed-route, paratransit, and seasonal services across the city. Most operations are based at the Dubuque Intermodal Transportation Center, which opened in 2015 and serves as the primary transfer point for local and intercity bus travel.[64][65][66]

Since 2020, the network has been adjusted several times to respond to shifting travel patterns following the COVID-19 pandemic.[67][65][68] The changes reflect long term shifting travel demands and commuting patterns.

History

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Public transit in Dubuque has evolved since the city assumed control of the Interstate Power and Light Company's bus operations in the early 1970s.[69] The opening of the Dubuque Intermodal Transportation Center centralized transfers and improved connections with intercity bus services.[66]

After 2020, ridership fell sharply during the early stages of COVID-19, similar to many transit agencies, prompting temporary service reductions.[70] In response, the city conducted a system wide study of routes and service patterns to improve efficiency and better serve major destinations.[71] Initial changes were implemented in 2022, with further refinements in 2023 to address changing needs and improve connectivity.[72]

Fleet modernization was a parallel priority. Funding from state and federal sources supported the replacement of aging buses with hybrid and electric vehicles, while passenger information and fare systems were also upgraded.[73][74][75] Historical ridership data shows that structural adjustments and service improvements contributed to increased usage.[76]

Routes

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A network redesign beginning in 2021 simplified routes and aimed to make travel more intuitive for riders.[71][65] Most routes operate to or from the Dubuque Intermodal Transportation Center, the system's primary hub. Fixed routes provide all-day service, while seasonal trolley service runs during the summer, connecting the riverfront and historic districts.[72][77] Service hours and routing are occasionally adjusted to reflect rider demand.[78]

Non rapid critiques

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Criticism of bus rapid transit (BRT) centers on three broad areas: the gap between planned and delivered service quality, the trade-offs between bus and rail-based systems, and the consistency of terminology used to describe BRT implementations. Because BRT shares many physical and operational characteristics with conventional bus service, it is more susceptible than rail to incremental feature removal during planning and funding phases. The Transit Cooperative Research Program has noted that the value of a BRT system depends heavily on the composition of its facilities, and that partial implementations tend to produce diminishing returns in speed and reliability.[79] Research published in Research in Transportation Economics identified funding difficulties and political complexity as the primary barriers to full BRT implementation across both developed and developing cities.[80]

A further source of criticism concerns terminology. The Institute for Transportation and Development Policy (ITDP) developed the BRT Standard in response to the proliferation of systems marketed as BRT that lacked the dedicated infrastructure, off-board fare collection, and station design associated with high-performing examples such as Curitiba's Rede Integrada de Transporte or Bogotá's TransMilenio.[81] Under the ITDP scoring system, many systems in North America, Europe, and Asia that carry the BRT designation have been rated as "basic BRT" or "not BRT".[82] In Los Angeles, the Metro Rapid service has been described as "BRT-lite" due to its lack of dedicated bus lanes across most of its network, despite implementing signal priority and off-board fare payment on some lines.[83] Separately, some transportation researchers have questioned whether BRT is an appropriate substitute for rail investment in high-demand corridors, citing capacity constraints and reduced transit-oriented development relative to fixed rail infrastructure.

Random stuff

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References

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  1. ↑ "All Aboard!".
  2. ↑ "EAU Claire's Early History".
  3. ↑ "Electric Trolleys".
  4. ↑ "Mass transportation in Wisconsin". August 3, 2012.
  5. ↑ "How Student Transit Began Their Journey".
  6. ↑ "EAU Claire Transportation Company Letterhead | Print". December 2003.
  7. ↑ "How Student Transit Began Their Journey".
  8. ↑ WEAU, Staff (July 22, 2025). "Northern Lite on-demand rideshare begins". WEAU-TV. Retrieved March 29, 2026.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  9. ↑ "City of Eau Claire Launches Northern Lite Microtransit Service". City of Eau Claire. July 16, 2025. Retrieved March 29, 2026.
  10. ↑ "Northern Lite | On-demand shared rides around Eau Claire". city.ridewithvia.com. Retrieved March 29, 2026.
  11. 1 2 "Transit Commission". City of Eau Claire, Wisconsin. Retrieved April 11, 2026.
  12. ↑ "2024 Annual Agency Profile" (PDF). Federal Transit Administration. Retrieved April 12, 2026.
  13. ↑ Marley, Patrick; Walker, Don (May 3, 2011). "State panel repeals regional transit groups". Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. Retrieved April 11, 2026.
  14. ↑ "Wisconsin Statute 66.1021: City, village and town transit commissions". Wisconsin State Legislature. Retrieved April 11, 2026.
  15. ↑ "Chippewa-Eau Claire MPO". West Central Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission. Retrieved April 12, 2026.
  16. ↑ "Transit Development Plan | City of Eau Claire, Wisconsin". www.eauclairewi.gov. Archived from the original on March 5, 2025. Retrieved April 13, 2026. {{cite web}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch; March 6, 2025 suggested (help)
  17. ↑ "Status of the transition to Digital Terrestrial Television". International Telecommunication Union. Retrieved November 1, 2025.
  18. ↑ "DTT Deployment Data". DVB Project. European Broadcasting Union / Broadcast Networks Europe. November 2023. Retrieved November 1, 2025.
  19. ↑ "Why broadcast remains a critical platform for communicating disaster and emergency information". Asia-Pacific Broadcasting+. April 27, 2023. Retrieved November 1, 2025.
  20. ↑ Winslow, George (September 26, 2025). "ATSC Explains Advantages of NextGen TV EAS Features in FCC Filing". TV Tech. Future US Inc. Retrieved November 1, 2025.
  21. ↑ "NFL, Google announce agreement to distribute NFL Sunday Ticket on YouTube TV, Primetime Channels". NFL.com.
  22. ↑ "NFL and Google partner to bring fans the next generation of NFL Sunday Ticket on YouTube TV & YouTube Primetime Channels".
  23. ↑ "Google lands the NFL's Sunday Ticket package for YouTube TV". Los Angeles Times. December 22, 2022.
  24. ↑ "YouTube is taking over the NFL Sunday Ticket package [Updated]". December 22, 2022.
  25. ↑ "NFL Sunday Ticket and YouTube: 8 Things Football Fans Should Know".
  26. ↑ "NFL 'Sunday Ticket' is headed to YouTube beginning next season". NPR. December 22, 2022.
  27. ↑ "NFL Sunday Ticket". Directv.com. Retrieved April 18, 2012.
  28. ↑ "DirecTV's 'Sunday Ticket' begins final NFL season with website, app problems".
  29. ↑ "DAZN Renews NFL Rights in Canada". September 7, 2022.
  30. ↑ "KRYK: NFL Sunday Ticket all-games service again available on Rogers, Bell". torontosun.
  31. ↑ "DAZN | Help | Home".
  32. ↑ "How to watch with NFL Game Pass International". NFL.com.
  33. ↑ "NFL RedZone Home". NFL.com.
  34. ↑ "NFL Playoffs 2023: Schedule, Bracket and How to Watch and Stream Sunday with or Without Cable".
  35. 1 2 3 Henry, J. M.; Hart, J. "Zoysiagrass". NC State Extension. Retrieved July 23, 2025.
  36. ↑ Chalmers, D. R.; McAfee, J. "Zoysiagrass" (PDF). Texas A&M AgriLife Extension. Retrieved July 23, 2025.
  37. 1 2 Kauer, K.; Brosnan, J. T. "Zoysiagrass" (PDF). University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture. Retrieved July 23, 2025.
  38. 1 2 Patton, A.; Boyd, J. (2020). "Zoysiagrass for Arkansas Lawns" (PDF). University of Arkansas Research & Extension. Publication No. FSA6125. Retrieved July 23, 2025.
  39. ↑ "Wisconsin TV Markets". NorthPine: Upper Midwest Broadcasting. 2024. Retrieved March 24, 2026.
  40. ↑ "Significantly Viewed Stations" (PDF). Federal Communications Commission. June 18, 2017. Retrieved March 24, 2026.
  41. ↑ "WHWC-TV Public Inspection File". Federal Communications Commission. Retrieved March 24, 2026.
  42. ↑ "NOAA Weather Radio Station WXJ88". National Weather Service. Retrieved March 24, 2026.
  43. ↑ "WEUX Public Inspection File". Federal Communications Commission. Retrieved March 24, 2026.
  44. ↑ "AM Station WMEQ - Station Information". Federal Communications Commission. Retrieved March 24, 2026.
  45. ↑ Wisconsin Public Radio. "WPR Station Map". Wisconsin Educational Communications Board. Retrieved March 24, 2026.
  46. ↑ "Spectrum Services in Menomonie, WI". Charter Communications. Retrieved March 24, 2026.
  47. ↑ "Statewide Video Service Authorization: Charter Communications" (PDF). Wisconsin Department of Financial Institutions. Retrieved March 24, 2026.
  48. ↑ "TDS Telecom Announces Major Fiber Expansion in Wisconsin". WisBusiness.com. September 7, 2022. Retrieved March 24, 2026.
  49. ↑ "Telecommunications Providers in Wisconsin". Public Service Commission of Wisconsin. Retrieved March 24, 2026.
  50. ↑ "Dunn County News Historical Archive". OldNews.com. Retrieved March 24, 2026.
  51. ↑ Kneer, Becky (November 20, 2024). "Introducing Menomonie News Net". Menomonie News Net. Retrieved March 24, 2026.
  52. ↑ "UW-Stout History". University of Wisconsin-Stout. Retrieved March 24, 2026.
  53. ↑ State of Wisconsin Blue Book 2023–2024. Madison, Wisconsin: Wisconsin Legislative Reference Bureau. 2023. pp. 342–348. ISBN 978-1-7333817-2-7. Retrieved March 26, 2026.
  54. 1 2 "CHAPTER 1 MENOMONIE CITY CODE". CITY CODE of MENOMONIE, WISCONSIN. Menomonie, Wisconsin (published June 2025). August 4, 2025. Retrieved March 26, 2026.
  55. 1 2 "Government". City of Menomonie. Retrieved March 25, 2026.
  56. ↑ "City Council". City of Menomonie. Retrieved March 25, 2026.
  57. ↑ "Finance". City of Menomonie. Retrieved March 25, 2026.
  58. ↑ "Menomonie Area Government and Education". Menomonie Area Chamber of Commerce. Retrieved March 26, 2026.
  59. ↑ "Menomonie Public Library". Retrieved March 26, 2026.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  60. ↑ "About Dunn County". Dunn County Government - History. Retrieved March 25, 2026.
  61. ↑ "Circuit Courts". Dunn County Government. Retrieved March 25, 2026.
  62. ↑ "Government Center". Dunn County Government. Retrieved March 25, 2026.
  63. ↑ "Legislative District Maps". Wisconsin Legislature. Retrieved March 25, 2026.
  64. ↑ "Dubuque Intermodal Transportation Center". City of Dubuque. 2015. Retrieved March 24, 2026.
  65. 1 2 3 "Iowa Cities Adjust Transit Service to Meet Changing Travel Patterns". Iowa Public Radio. 2023. Retrieved March 24, 2026.
  66. 1 2 "Intermodal Terminal Opens and Jule Routes Change on Aug. 17". Mass Transit Magazine. 2015. Retrieved March 24, 2026.
  67. ↑ "National Transit Database: Dubuque, IA Profile". Federal Transit Administration. 2023. Retrieved March 24, 2026.
  68. ↑ DMATS Transportation Planning Work Program FY2026 (PDF) (Report). East Central Intergovernmental Association. 2025. Retrieved March 24, 2026.
  69. ↑ "History of Public Transit in Dubuque". City of Dubuque. 2010. Retrieved March 24, 2026.
  70. ↑ "Dubuque's Jule transit buses to require facial coverings". KCRG‑TV9. July 29, 2020. Retrieved March 24, 2026.
  71. 1 2 Dubuque Transit Study: Final Recommendations (Report). City of Dubuque. 2022. Retrieved March 24, 2026.
  72. 1 2 Transit Service Update and Route Adjustments (Report). City of Dubuque Transportation Services. 2023. Retrieved March 24, 2026.
  73. ↑ Iowa Public Transit Statistical Report 2023 (Report). Iowa Department of Transportation. 2023. Retrieved March 24, 2026.
  74. ↑ Drake, Tom (September 6, 2022). "Dubuque To Get First Electric Jule Bus; Misses Out On $3.4 Million". Townsquare Media. Retrieved March 24, 2026.
  75. ↑ Transit Technology Modernization Report (Report). City of Dubuque. 2023. Retrieved March 24, 2026.
  76. ↑ "Jule Transit Sees Record Ridership". Mass Transit Magazine. 2015. Retrieved March 24, 2026.
  77. ↑ "Seasonal Downtown Trolley Service". City of Dubuque. 2023. Retrieved March 24, 2026.
  78. ↑ "UPDATE: Dubuque's Jule bus service hours to start in August". KCRG‑TV9. April 18, 2017. Retrieved March 24, 2026.
  79. ↑ Levinson, Herbert S.; Zimmerman, Samuel; Clinger, Jennifer; Rutherford, Scott; Smith, Rodney L.; Cracknell, John; Soberman, Richard (2003). Bus Rapid Transit, Volume 1: Case Studies in Bus Rapid Transit (Report). TCRP Report 90. Transportation Research Board. ISBN 0-309-08751-1.
  80. ↑ Lindau, Luis Antonio; Hidalgo, Dario; de Almeida Lobo, Adriana (2014). "Barriers to planning and implementing Bus Rapid Transit systems". Research in Transportation Economics. 48: 9–15. doi:10.1016/j.retrec.2014.09.026. {{cite journal}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  81. ↑ The BRT Standard (Report). 2016. Retrieved April 16, 2026.
  82. ↑ Weinstock, Annie; Hook, Walter; Replogle, Michael; Cruz, Ramon (May 2011). Recapturing Global Leadership in Bus Rapid Transit: A Survey of Select U.S. Cities (Report). Institute for Transportation and Development Policy. {{cite report}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  83. ↑ Cain, Alasdair; Flynn, Jennifer (October 1, 2013). "Examining the Ridership Attraction Potential of Bus Rapid Transit: A Quantitative Analysis of Image and Perception". Journal of Public Transportation. 16 (4): 63–82. doi:10.5038/2375-0901.16.4.4. ISSN 1077-291X. Retrieved April 16, 2026.
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