Talk:Genesis creation narrative/Archive 1
| This is an archive of past discussions about Genesis creation narrative. Do not edit the contents of this page. If you wish to start a new discussion or revive an old one, please do so on the current talk page. |
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PROPOSAL
A more accurate title of this article would be "Modern philosophers' opinions concerning Creation account(s) in Genesis". There is precious little about the creation account in this article, what it says, how it fits within the ancient Hebrew Weltanschauung, his concept of history, how to know God (if there is such). It lacks even a linguistic analysis and historical literary comparisons. If I didn't have some ideas about these question from other sources, I would be ignorant of them from this article.
From another perspective, why does this article exist at all? Most of it just rehashes what was covered in greater detail in other articles, in particular, that concerning Form Criticism. If it were up to me, I would flag this article for deletion, not because of NPOV problems, but because it has almost nothing original (not part of other wikipekia articles) to say. In short, it appears to be a waste of wikipedia bandwidth.
Melamed 18 Jan 2005
- what would you place on this page? Ungtss 14:10, 19 Jan 2005 (UTC)i would place this question. is there a limited amount of space ? there just isnt room on i dont know what to call it ?hello hello can any body here me ?
First I would remove all the discussion about the JEPD theory and Formkritik, referring people to the articles in Wikipedia that discuss these themes in greater detail. Further, I'd remove the question of Mosaic authorship as that is irrelevant to the story of creation, better handled under the Wikipedia article on Genesis. I would also edit out repetitious elements in the article, which make up a large portion of what remains. That leaves us with an article about one third the size or less. And it still does not address how the Genesis account of creation fits within the larger picture of ancient Hebrew beliefs nor its literary style.
If I were to write this article, I'd first have a description of the ideas included in the text itself, showing the literary style that indicates that chapter 1 - 2:4 are one document, then 2:5 - 5:2 the second document, according to an ancient literary style that went out of use 1500 - 1800 BC.
Further, I’d show how the Genesis account of creation resonated in later Jewish writings, such as Exodus 20 where it serves as the reason for the seven day week and the Sabbath.
Only then would I mention modern interpretations of the Genesis creation, how modern people view the text and the message it conveys. This can afford to be fairly short, with extensive hyperlinks to the other articles which cover those issues in greater detail.
Melamed 28 Jan 2005
- I think I like what you are proposing, but for such a wholesale change, it's probably best to wait for some more people agreeing.
- Also, I am wary of your comments about "an ancient literary style", as I subscribe to the view that the Genesis actually is composed of separate original documents (i.e. as per, or similar to, Wiseman), not just having a style that makes it look that way, which is how I read your comments above.
- Philip J. Rayment 09:20, 28 Jan 2005 (UTC)
- all these sound like good ideas to me -- feel free to take a stab at your ideas, melamed -- we'll follow things where they go:). Ungtss 14:12, 28 Jan 2005 (UTC)
- I agree with Melamed. I came to this article looking for information about the creation story of Genesis and instead have an article about the Theories of Interpretation of the Creation Myth of Genesis. While it is an interesting article it doesn't really help a person who doesn't already know the Creation story. Think the title of this article should be changed. hdstubbs November 3, 2005
- I agree that this article is currently dominated by a giant debate over the source criticism of Genesis 1-2 and Mosaic authorship. If there is a way to edit down those sections, while referring readers to other places that deal with them (e.g. the Genesis article) I'm all for it. The rest sounds like it would be difficult to do within an NPOV —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Demmeis (talk • contribs) 03:05, 11 April 2007 (UTC).
old proposals
i would like to change the name of this article to "Creation account(s) in Genesis," because there is a dispute as to whether there is one more more accounts in the text. I would also like to replace the text in this article with the text in Creation account(s) in Genesis, which describes both POVs with regard to the text in a more evenhanded, NPOV fashion. Any thoughts? Ungtss 23:56, 31 Oct 2004 (UTC)
alright. any opinions, cheesedreams? Ungtss 00:45, 1 Nov 2004 (UTC) the new article, incidentally, is a thorough edit of the old one, and not a new article. i copied, pasted, and edited.
- You should either (a) edit the original article, or (b) copy paste and edit in your sandbox and append the page to your user page for discussion, linking from the talk page of the original article.
- This is the article, not your page, and the neutrality of this article is all I am willing to discuss. If you dispute the neutrality of this article, then either change it, or complain in this talk page.
- I am probably not the only person with any kind of interest in this proposed title change, and you should wait 48 hours at least to see if anyone who lives in another timezone, or is out tonight, or something, makes comment. CheeseDreams 00:54, 1 Nov 2004 (UTC)
---
Let's see. :) The problem seems to be that the page title "Creation accounts in Genesis" implies the POV that there are two different accounts in Genesis. And some people say that there is only ONE account in Genesis. Is that right? ---Rednblu | Talk 01:11, 1 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- that about sums it up, i think:). any thoughts about how to resolve the issue? Ungtss 04:03, 1 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- I suggest that we open the discussion on the Creationism page where the master ToDo list is discussed and maintained. Creationism is the highest level page in this series. I'll open the question--if you did not already open it there. ;) ---Rednblu | Talk 05:57, 1 Nov 2004 (UTC)
Bible versions (Birds)
I have changed the biblical quote to the KJV version. It is an important point to note that different translations differ quite substantially. Some (particularly the modern ones) gloss over ambiguities and conflicts which are distinctly present in the Hebrew text.
The KJV is derived from an almost word-for-word (with small POV bias against organised religion - e.g. translating "elder" rather than "priest" (which was corrected at the KJV)) translation, which is itself derived from the celebrated Textus Receptus, the most reliable version of the bible around at the time, which Erasmus painstakingly compiled from all the available versions known, comparing and judging (with NPOV) which edits were the original (by being in the majority of the versions).
Consequently, the KJV does tend to follow the Hebrew fairly accurately, keeping the ambiguities, even when they would have been controversial, even down to the ambiguity over Daniel and Ashpenaz' homosexual-or-not relationship.
However, more modern translations, particularly the New Jerusalem Bible and the New American Bible, translate with heavy bias, e.g. "homosexuality is absolutely forbidden" rather than "a man shall not lie with another man as with a woman" (the hebrew literally says "a man shall not with another man lay [X] layings of a woman", where the [X] is missing, and usually assumed to be "with the" though it can equally be the not-condemning-homosexuality-at-all "in the")
There are many many other places where they edit the text to their POV. In this case, editing is done to obscure the problem, wheras the KJV, in its fairly NPOV style preserves the potential discrepency. This is why I have replaced the quotation, as the others seek to POV the issue. CheeseDreams 01:09, 6 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- The discussion has moved on now, so I won't comment further than to say that much of this (and further comments below) is utter hogwash. Philip J. Rayment 02:40, 22 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- For example, "soft adulterers" (which is a rather bizarre phrase) is translated in some modern bibles as "practising homosexuals" which is extremely POV. The KJV was under strict instructions to be accurate, and was created at a time of extreme religious tumoult, and thus HAD to be as accurate as possible with respect to the two sides at the time to avoid dangerous anti-monarchial (due to the king's commissioning of the text) religious riots. Many many modern versions are created by groups who consist 100% of evangelicals - the likelyhood that this will produce an NPOV and accurate translation of the text is significantly small, compared to a group of more mixed religion. CheeseDreams 20:49, 22 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- Perhaps "soft adulterers" meant something clearer when the AV (KJV) was translated; that's one of the main problems with the AV--English has changed since then. Perhaps it even meant "practicing homosexuals"? So what if "practicing homosexuals" is POV? The Bible is God's POV, not Wikipedia. The question is not whether or not the different translation is POV, but whether or not it is accurate. Modern translations have been produced for various reasons, and some are designed to be easier to read more than to be accurate. But others are designed to be accurate. Some are done by a single individual, most are done by a group, and in some cases that is a wide and varied group. The Preface of the NIV lists representatives of the "Anglican, Assemblies of God, Baptist, Brethren, Christian Reformed, Church of Christ, Evangelical Free, Lutheran, Mennonite, Methodist, Nazarene, Presbyterian, Wesleyan and other churches" to "safeguard the translation from sectarian bias". I expect that's a wider range than was involved in producing the AV. Whilst humans are fallible, your bigoted assertion that the likelihood that a group of evangelicals could produce an accurate translation is significantly small is unwarranted. Philip J. Rayment 22:20, 22 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- No, not really, the KJV tried to keep as much ambiguity in the phrasing as possible (though the english words they used have since become more loaded with POV meaning, so it is not so obvious). No one really has much idea what "soft adulterers" is referring to. "Practicing homosexuals" is POV translation - i.e. unreliable due to bias. The bible is NOT in english. If you look at the list of groups you have just given for the NIV, they are ALL protestant. The NIV also obscures texts which are more notably inconsistent/discontinuous in the hebrew/greek, by fitting the translation into the POV "the bible is consistent and continuous", the KJV tried to keep the ambiguity (resulting in some rather nice language as a bye-product). A group of evangelicals produced a translation with a sidenote saying "Practicing homosexuals means adult men who sexually abuse young boys" - how is that accurate? CheeseDreams 22:46, 22 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- To decide if it's accurate, perhaps we should look at the actual passage. But I can't find "soft adulterers" in the AV. Where is it?
- Are you suggesting that the AV committee were not all protestants? If so, please supply evidence.
- And while you are at it, perhaps you could supply evidence that the AV committee:
- Did not have the opinion that "the bible is consistent and continuous"
- Tried to "keep the ambiguity" of the original rather than translated ambiguously because they didn't know the language as well as the original authors.
- What translation has the sidenote you refer to, and for what passage if it's not the same one as already referred to?
- Philip J. Rayment 01:47, 23 Nov 2004 (UTC)
Philip J. Rayment 01:47, 23 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- "Soft adulterers" is the literal translation of the greek text.
- The church of england (who supplied many of the comittee (though not all)) is not protestant (check it's official status if you like - it claims to be catholic).
- The translators had excellent Greek, however, interpretation of the meaning of the text by different (highly politically active) factions varied extensively, therefore, to avoid taking sides and causing a political crisis, the translators deliberately avoided choosing one translation as better, preferring to retain ambiguity allowing both sides to claim their own idea of the meaning.
- The KJV comittee based their version on a text known to be discontinuous.
- The version with the sidenote is something like the "New American Bible" but there are so many similarly named versions that I am not sure what the exact title is, unfortunately.
- CheeseDreams 20:22, 23 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- I don't see much point in continuing this argument, as it has all the hallmarks of clutching at straws, and trolling, and is irrelevant to the article. CheeseDreams 20:22, 23 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- The definition of "protestant" seems to vary according to who one is talking to. ;-|. The Church of England isn't protestant? Then you were wrong in claiming that all the churches involved in the NIV translation were protestant, because the first one listed--Anglican--is the Church of England!
- So what is the reference for "soft adulterers"?
- Restating that the text was known to be discontinuous is not providing evidence.
- If this discussion is irrelevant, why did you start it?
- Philip J. Rayment 01:42, 24 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- Actually, you started it (with the comment "much of this (and further comments below) is utter hogwash"). CheeseDreams 01:58, 24 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- i understand your concern about translations ... however, i think it's strongly pov to say that one translation is "right" and the others are wrong, just because the kjv is contradictory. from my understanding of the hebrew, 'owph (foul) could equally refer to mayim sharats (let the waters bring forth) as to 'amar (said). i.e. i think the kjv interpretation is no more valid than the others in the original language ... and ultimately the kjv makes no sense. may i suggest that if you want to do it in an npov way, you apply the hebrew grammar and do a full analysis ... or note that the vast majority of english versions, translated by competent hebrew scholars, interpret it differently than you do? Ungtss 05:17, 6 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- I am not saying that one tranlation is right, I am saying that one translation is closer to the Hebrew original from the others. Any ambiguity in the Hebrew tended to be left in the translation, thus the KJV doesnt have as much bias.
- The majority of versions are modern evangelical translations. Most other denominations see no point in changing their version, so there is little proliferation of the others.
- I have looked at the Hebrew (via this website), though Im absolutely rubbish at translating it. It is generally recognised that translators have a POV and apply it to their translation (look at the New American Bible or New Jerusalem Bible for extreme examples of this (these can be viewed via the previously mentioned website)). Since most modern translations are by evangelical groups, this POV will be towards theirs.
- The KJV was produced by a large collection of scholars, with various POV, from what is recognised as one of the most neutral and accurate attempts to obtain an original version in greek / hebrew (from the various differing manuscripts) (this attempt is known as the Textus Receptus). This large differing collection of people makes them more likely to produce a neutral version. The same is true for the few other versions which use a wide range of people of different opinions.
- The translation, for example, of "They wept one another, until david had exceeded" retains the ambiguity of whether it is about gay sex (The hebrew technically translates "enlarged" rather than "exceeded", which would imply an erection) or just two friends crying (even though Jonathon has stripped naked before David) wheras the translation "They shook hands and cried together" is clearly a POV spin on this.
- In the first part of Genesis, the ambiguity of whether there are two versions of the story or one, present in the Hebrew, is retained in the KJV; it isn't in the NIV. The KJV therefore is more NPOV on such things.
- Since this is about ambiguity, then using the NIV version would clearly make people wonder why there was an issue at all. Using the KJV makes it more clear, whilst at the same time not taking sides on the issue.
- The fact that the KJV is vague is the whole advantage to using it. It preserves the ambiguity of the original and avoids making a POV decision on how to translate it. The issue about "birds" is indeed that it could refer equally to the waters or to said. That is the whole reason for the ambiguity. The KJV maintains this ambiguity, which is why, in this case, it is a better translation. The one account theory takes it that it refers to said, wheras the two account theory takes it that it refers to waters.
- Note that the words in [square brackets] are italicised in the KJV to show that they are inserted into the text by the translators in order for it to make sense. These words are absent from the original completely. The KJV is one of the only versions to admit where it inserts text that is not in the original. This is an important NPOV advantage.
- CheeseDreams 12:06, 6 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- If you insist on having both versions in the text then I would like a word for word translation from hebrew to be included as well (i.e. one which translates each word independantly and does not re-arrange the sentance or insert text). Since you seem to comprehend hebrew better than me, could you do this? CheeseDreams 12:14, 6 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- Thanks. I don't think we need the KJV or RSV quotes on this passage any more. As the versions don't differ on the second passage, can they be replaced with either a paraphrase, or just one of the versions (I would prefer the paraphrase, as otherwise people will keep changing the text to their preferred version, or adding their version). CheeseDreams 14:46, 6 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- No prob -- i'd like to leave the full text of the second in, tho, since it illustrates the single account claim that the second account is more focused on Man's role ... eh?
- Ok, that seems fine. I have edited the text a bit - we don't need the original hebrew (people can look that up if they are really that bothered). I have taken out the discussion on bible versions, as that belongs in another article (about difference between bible translations, I don't know what the article is called, or whether it exists yet). It looks a bit neater now. I changed your description of the ambiguity, as I thought of a shorter more explanitary one (pointing out how miniscule, but significant, the difference is) Oh, and I put in a link to a detail on the RSV. CheeseDreams 15:30, 6 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- Good work:). Ungtss 15:33, 6 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- Ok, that seems fine. I have edited the text a bit - we don't need the original hebrew (people can look that up if they are really that bothered). I have taken out the discussion on bible versions, as that belongs in another article (about difference between bible translations, I don't know what the article is called, or whether it exists yet). It looks a bit neater now. I changed your description of the ambiguity, as I thought of a shorter more explanitary one (pointing out how miniscule, but significant, the difference is) Oh, and I put in a link to a detail on the RSV. CheeseDreams 15:30, 6 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- No prob -- i'd like to leave the full text of the second in, tho, since it illustrates the single account claim that the second account is more focused on Man's role ... eh?
- Thanks. I don't think we need the KJV or RSV quotes on this passage any more. As the versions don't differ on the second passage, can they be replaced with either a paraphrase, or just one of the versions (I would prefer the paraphrase, as otherwise people will keep changing the text to their preferred version, or adding their version). CheeseDreams 14:46, 6 Nov 2004 (UTC)
Clarity please, with these "birds"
--- Begin save container for a word for word translation
In the first section, birds are described as being created as follows:
- "'elohiym 'amar mayim sharats sherets nephesh chay `owph `uwph `al 'erets paniym raqiya` shamayim."
- Literally, "God said waters bring forth creature having life birds fly above earth open firmament heaven"
It is unclear to biblical translators whether the passage should be divided as:
- "God said waters bring forth creature and God said birds fly above earth", or
- "God said waters bring forth creature having life and waters bring forth birds fly above earth."
Due to this ambiguity in the text, English translations differ.
--- End save container for a word for word translationg
What was wrong with the above word for word translation? I thought it explained the issue of this page rather clearly--and rather efficiently. :)) After all, the point of this page is to explain why some people think the two recitations of events differ, is it not? Without something like the above--or an alternative word for word explanation--people like me will not know what on earth this page is talking about! :(( What do you think? ---Rednblu | Talk 16:17, 8 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- i like it ... any dissent? Ungtss 16:24, 8 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- The word-for-word translation is VERY IMPORTANT. It explains why people actually bother discussing this point. CheeseDreams 19:47, 8 Nov 2004 (UTC)
Preserving the BlueLetterBible links for discussion
--- Begin container preserving the BlueLetterBible links
--- End container preserving the BlueLetterBible links
- <<Blueletterbible does not have ALL versions of the text, I can name many not available there. Selecting the KJV is POV. Readers should be free to choose their own>>
Hold on. :(( Having the links to the BlueLetterBible versions makes a better page. :)) What is your objection to having these links? ---Rednblu | Talk
- i think his concern is that not ALL the versions are represented -- he seems to think it's pov to pick one. although i think it would be nice to have links to all versions, i don't think it's pov to have links to all the major ones. may i suggest that we put the links back in since it represents ALMOST all the versions ... and if Mr. Cheesedreams wants to add links to other versions, he puts them in too, instead of leaving the page without any link to the actual story it's talking about? Ungtss 01:57, 8 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- How difficult is it for a user to find a copy of the bible themselves and find the first chapter of the first book?
- I fail to see why it is necessary to point them to a website, when Google is amazingly good at finding bible links (Just type in "Genesis 1" and "KJV" for example (genesis 1 being in speech marks)).
- There are SO many other versions. For example, The New American Bible. There are also the New English Bible (which is NOT on blueletterbible). If you want to point to blueletterbible, add it as an external link at the base of the page, and point it to a neutral page on blueletterbible, such as the introductory page.
- The blueletterbible only represents about 10 versions. There are significantly more than this in existance, at least twice as many.
- To pick the RSV, or the KJV is POV as to which is better, to list 20 or 30 different links IN THE BODY of an article is messy. CheeseDreams 07:53, 8 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- What if you put links to BlueLetterBible and to BibleGateway (which has even more translations available -- we'd have to see if any are particularly worthwhile) and to US Catholic Bishops (New American) , but in the "External Links" section. You can indicate in the text that there are resources in "External Links" to provide various translations of the two chapters. By linking to one text in the actual article, we are favoring that translation, but it would be unwieldy to provide lots of links there. It might be worth individually linking some 5-6 major translations, plus the Hebrew text, indicating that there are more available at those sites. Mpolo 08:04, Nov 8, 2004 (UTC)
- External links is fine for a collection of bible websites. (The hebrew is available on blueletter bible)CheeseDreams 09:02, 8 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- In my opinion, it would be much better to have the external links right up there in the lead section--like in a table. Give the link and the number of translations available there. It would be impressive! The number of translations says more to me than the words in the texts. :)) ---Rednblu | Talk 09:26, 8 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- External links is fine for a collection of bible websites. (The hebrew is available on blueletter bible)CheeseDreams 09:02, 8 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- Table added. Ungtss 15:04, 8 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- I don't think it counts as content. I think it counts as links. CheeseDreams 19:53, 8 Nov 2004 (UTC)
---
How about a table something like the following? What are the other sites? :((
What do you think? ---Rednblu | Talk 16:38, 8 Nov 2004 (UTC)
Let us quote actual proponents here; this is not personal research!
- <<They claim that there is no reason to assume that understanding of Ancient Hebrew grammer is sufficiently lacking for the sentence to be unambiguous, given the significant knowledge of early languages that is built up by Comparative Philology.>>
May I point out that the above sentence does not make sense. And I am giving you the benefit of the doubt for now that you can explain it. Now maybe I don't understand which BC century Comparative philology began. ;) Or maybe I am wrong in having the impression that 1500 BC writing technology was fragile; miscopies were easy; no Xeroxes. :( Or maybe I have a wrong impression that ancient scribes tried to preserve even ambiguous phrases from the sacred past in hope that someone would finally figure them out. In any case, you will score ten points--not just one--in my book if you can quote an actual scholar who said anything similar to the above assertion. In the meantime, I suggest that we cut that sentence here to the TalkPage for preservation while you begin that long search to find some reputable scholar who said anything even close to "They claim that there is no reason to assume that understanding of Ancient Hebrew grammer is sufficiently lacking for the sentence to be unambiguous, given the significant knowledge of early languages that is built up by Comparative Philology." Who is They? What do you say? ---Rednblu | Talk 20:09, 8 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- I suggest that the text is restored to the article until you can provide a reputable scholar who suggests the counterclaim in the article. CheeseDreams 23:56, 8 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- I changed that link to work. It is now Historical linguistics. Does that make any sense to you? The basis of the argument is that language A is related to language B, therefore we interpolate to work out what language AB(the ancestor) was like. Further we can work out what B was like in missing detail B.45b by the corresponding detail in A.45b and lots of academic discussion. I.e. by knowing Modern Hebrew, bits of Aramaic, bits of Demotic, bits of .... and obviously bits of Ancient Hebrew, we can fill in the blanks, particularly as there are not so many. This is the basic principle of Historical linguistics (also called Comparative Philology). The bible was not written in 1500BC. Please check the articles on the origin of writing. From Hebrew Alphabet This script was borrowed by the Hebrews during the 12th or 11th century BC, and around the 9th century BC, a distinct Hebrew variant, the original "Hebrew script", emerged. I.e. no Hebrew writing before 12th century. CheeseDreams 23:46, 8 Nov 2004 (UTC)
---
No the sentences
- "In addition, they point out that having written the Hebrew text, the author would surely have noted the ambiguity and corrected it, unless there was a reason to keep the implication of birds being created from the waters. They claim that there is no reason to assume that understanding of Ancient Hebrew grammer is sufficiently lacking for the sentence to be unambiguous, given the significant knowledge of early languages that is built up by Historical linguistics"
do not make sense in this paragraph. I have a couple of citations to support the preceding sentences in that paragraph. I am looking for a better citation. ---Rednblu | Talk 03:55, 9 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- citations should be referenced at the bottom of the page. Don't add too much bulk to just one side of the argument, it is POV. I have tagged certain parts out until the documentary hypothesis is pointed out in similar detail (also note that variations on the documentary hypothesis are the majority academic view, so suggesting it isn't by a whole section is rather distoring).
- since you seem to have a particular interest in the documentary hypothesis, would you be so kind as to flesh out the other side? Ungtss 14:11, 9 Nov 2004 (UTC)
I have reworded the birds section for readability. CheeseDreams 21:40, 9 Nov 2004 (UTC)
Anyway, the they is Documentary hypothesis#Internal textual evidence
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Conclusions if there is one account
[Identify the proponents of the one account version by name here and summarize their conclusions.]
Conclusions if there are two accounts
[Identify the proponents of the two accounts version by name here and summarize their conclusions.]
Scholarly alternative: The texts can be read either way
Biblical scholar Pamela Tamarkin Reis (2001) proposes that Genesis 1 and 2 can be seen as either one painting with two panels or as two separate paintings. Both are appropriate. She draws the parallel with the ancient story-telling technique that Kurosawa employed in the movie Rashomon. In that movie, the same series of events are told through the eyes of four different people, and of course realistically there are contradictions in the different narratives. And you could make sense out that movie either as four different stories or as four people having four different realistic narratives of the same story.
Accordingly, Ms. Reis analyzes Genesis 1 as God's narrative and Genesis 2 as man's narrative. In Genesis 1, the style of narration is very orderly and logical, proceeding from basics like heaven and earth, through plants and animals to man and woman. And everything is "good" or "very good." Ms. Reis suggests that the story-teller has a bit of whimsy in noting how perfect everything is from God's view.
In contrast, in Genesis 2, man tells the story from his own self-centeredness. Man is created first, of course. And there are a few flaws. Man is alone, without a woman. Whereas, in Genesis 1, the phrase is "heaven and earth" repeated several times, in Genesis 2, God makes "earth and heaven." And another thing, in Genesis 2, there is that troubling notice that "there was no one to till the ground." That sounds like a lot of work, an unending task--very unlike the completeness of Genesis 1.
Even the words used in Genesis 1 suggest serenity, the godly plane of existence. For example, in Genesis 1, the word for God is Elohim, the generic and distant God, while God's name in Genesis 2 is the personal and very sacred YHWH Elohim, the Lord of God. Even the verb of making is different in the two narratives, in the first narrative the verb is the Hebrew "arb" which means "create from nothing," something that only God can do. In contrast, the verb in the second narrative means "make"; God "made earth and heaven." Maybe man cannot make earth and heaven, but at least man can make many things from what is already at hand. And then there is that interesting inventory of gold and lapis lazuli and where they can be found--only in the second narrative, of course. From God's view in the first narrative, gold is not even mentioned; gold is something of interest only in man's narrative.
From all of these clues, Ms. Reis suggests that Genesis 1 and 2 make sense either way, just as for Kurosawa's Rashomon. They make sense as two different stories. Or they make sense as two narratives of the same story from different personal perspectives: that of God and that of man.
- IMO, a very good observation and summary. Just as two or three witnesses' accounts of an event may differ in detail and perspective yet can still all be true in what they tell and relate to the same event, so too with the Genesis 1 & 2 renderings of creation. From a Wiki-NPOV perspective this is not an attempt to prove creation, however it does indicate one position from which the creation account can be interpreted. - HTUK 13:05, 1 September 2006 (UTC)
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May I point out that there is no rational reason :) for commenting out the above text. What are your objections? :( ---Rednblu | Talk 16:37, 9 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- he seems to be concerned that we're introducing a PRO-single account argument without a corresponding two-account counter-argument. it seems to me, tho, that the author would probably object to being stuffed into EITHER category, as (as i understand it) she thinks it could legitimately be read EITHER way without making the text less valuable. may i suggest we list THREE perspective -- "one account," "two accounts," or "could be read either way?" Ungtss 16:46, 9 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- well, I wrote a comment about it a few seconds ago but its dissappeared, so,
- The text is nebulous. VERY nebulous. Completely lacking in clarity or succinctness. It is also in the wrong place. It is about style. It should go in the style section. Please note, I did not delete it but tagged it out. There is no need to have a container wasting space on this page. CheeseDreams 21:44, 9 Nov 2004 (UTC)
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- The text is very nebulous, and devoid of content. However, what she does say, or rather, what she is paraphrased as, seems on balance to be PRO. In addition, it seems to be simply about the issue of Style. It should be re-written and moved there. I have re-tagged it out and moved it. This is not a place to write novels. CheeseDreams
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Reminder! We are supposed to be writing NPOV articles
I find from the history file that someone took out a paragraph with the following comment
- "this is pov personal research. find me one reputable scholar who . . ."
And then I find that someone else put the disputed paragraph back in, making the following comment
- "Restore text removed for horrifically POV reasons"
Let me remind all of us that according to Wikipedia policy, "NPOV is absolute and non-negotiable." And according to the Wikipedia NPOV explanations, the way NPOV is achieved is by citing to the proponents of the different POVs. So it is very correct, according to Wikipedia NPOV policy to remove disputed comments for which the proponents are not identified. "Some say . . ." does not work without a citation if it is not obvious that "Some say . . . ." I quote you from the Wikipedia NPOV policy page
- "Wikipedia is devoted to stating facts and only facts. Where we might want to state opinions, we convert that opinion into a fact by attributing the opinion to someone."
So whoever said "find me one reputable scholar who . . ." said the right thing. This is Wikipedia after all! ---Rednblu | Talk 00:07, 10 Nov 2004 (UTC)
Explain
Please explain
- Why you have a very nebulous textual essay by one reference shoved at the end of the article. CheeseDreams 23:23, 9 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- A paraphrase of what a cited scholar said is not "nebulous." That is the very essence of how to achieve Wikipedia NPOV--namely cite to what scholars actually said. Surely, a scholar's opinion of the interpretation of the "text" is not "nebulous." ---Rednblu | Talk 00:41, 10 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- the cited scholar shows a "third way" in the debate. it's legit and it belongs there. Ungtss 02:55, 10 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- Nebulous=cloudy, i.e. vague. The Nebulosity exists because the text is badly written. It should be rewritten. I will do it if no-one else does.
- Since there is such a great disparity of opinion of editors on whether the current text is clear English, the appropriate thing would be to put your eventual version and the current version up for wide Wikipedia vote on whether it is "clear." Likely many sections of this page will be submitted for Wikipedia vote on what kind of English provides clarity. :) ---Rednblu | Talk 17:01, 10 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- Assuming it hasn't been reverted again, I have already edited most of the nebulosity out of it, and moved it to the appropriate section. CheeseDreams 22:19, 10 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- Since there is such a great disparity of opinion of editors on whether the current text is clear English, the appropriate thing would be to put your eventual version and the current version up for wide Wikipedia vote on whether it is "clear." Likely many sections of this page will be submitted for Wikipedia vote on what kind of English provides clarity. :) ---Rednblu | Talk 17:01, 10 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- Nebulous=cloudy, i.e. vague. The Nebulosity exists because the text is badly written. It should be rewritten. I will do it if no-one else does.
- the cited scholar shows a "third way" in the debate. it's legit and it belongs there. Ungtss 02:55, 10 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- A paraphrase of what a cited scholar said is not "nebulous." That is the very essence of how to achieve Wikipedia NPOV--namely cite to what scholars actually said. Surely, a scholar's opinion of the interpretation of the "text" is not "nebulous." ---Rednblu | Talk 00:41, 10 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- Why you do not want it admitted that Kitchen is an Evangelical Christian. After ruminating on this, I consider it an NPOV issue.
For my part It is important that it be pointed out that his starting point is "the bible is fundamentally inerrant", which does not really make his search for evidence likely to be very NPOV, it is important that it is stated that he is NOT an impartial witness to the matter. All or nothing is fine by me. I prefer All. I have never used a quote which implies it is from a neutral bystander but supports a particular side of the argument. I do not expect you to do that either. Either remove the quote or point out he is very much not neutral. CheeseDreams 23:23, 9 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- NPOV is NOT about neutrality. NPOV is about stating what the proponents actually said. I refer you to the Wikipedia NPOV policy documents. That Mr. Kitchen said what he said is a fact. And therefore quoting what Mr. Kitchen said, together with opposing quotes of scholars, is how Wikipedia NPOV is achieved! ---Rednblu | Talk 00:41, 10 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- if you wanna say that kitchen's got an evangelical bias, you gotta list the biases of the biblical critics -- including the many atheists -- who come to the bible believing there is no God and the text is a crock, and use their "biblical criticism" to prove it. bias cuts both ways, and i want everybody's bias listed, or nobody's bias. the notion that atheists are objective and evangelicals alone are biased is pov. Ungtss 02:55, 10 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- Where did I state that atheists are unbiased? The point is that you use Kitchens quote to suggest a fact which supports the argument on one side. The point is that Kitchen is extremely biased, and so the factual accuracy of what he states is in doubt. Therefore it is important to point this out. Please note: I have not myself used quotes stating things as if they were fact.
- i understand that. all i'm saying is, if you want to call Kitchens an evangelical, then you need to call the biblical critics either Liberal Christians, non-christians, or atheists -- because many biblical critics are ALSO extremely biased. it is pov to identify the bias of one academic, leaving the implication that all the others have no bias. all i want is fair treatment -- everyone or noone. Ungtss 13:46, 10 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- That would be the Wikipedia NPOV approach. Yes. :) ---Rednblu | Talk 17:01, 10 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- Seconded. Treat all POVs fairly, with a consistently sympathetic, positive tone. Tom - Talk 21:16, Nov 10, 2004 (UTC)
- I have no objection to pointing out that person X is liberal christian, etc. ON CONDITION THAT kitchen is identified as an evangelical. Alternatively (as per my recent edit (if it hasn't been reverted)), I will accept not mentioning he is an evangelical ON CONDITION THAT it is also not mentioned that he is a professor or archaeologist. All or nothing. CheeseDreams 22:19, 10 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- i understand that. all i'm saying is, if you want to call Kitchens an evangelical, then you need to call the biblical critics either Liberal Christians, non-christians, or atheists -- because many biblical critics are ALSO extremely biased. it is pov to identify the bias of one academic, leaving the implication that all the others have no bias. all i want is fair treatment -- everyone or noone. Ungtss 13:46, 10 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- Where did I state that atheists are unbiased? The point is that you use Kitchens quote to suggest a fact which supports the argument on one side. The point is that Kitchen is extremely biased, and so the factual accuracy of what he states is in doubt. Therefore it is important to point this out. Please note: I have not myself used quotes stating things as if they were fact.
- Having the biblical references is simply messy
There is a perfectly adequate section at the base of the article. The other Jesus and Bible articles don't have massive sets of links to a series of biblical sources. Nor should this. The point of an encyclopedia is to sum things up not to have loads of references and go:well, go on, look for yourself. CheeseDreams 23:23, 9 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- It is Wikipedia policy to 1) identify proponents of various views and 2) cite your sources when it is not obvious where to go to check whether what you just wrote is correct. To get Featured Article status, it is important to provide citations and references. I refer you to the criticisms that this page got when being considered for Featured Article status. ---Rednblu | Talk 00:41, 10 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- this article is foremost about the text. a reader NEEDS to have access to the text right up in front, so he can read it, and THEN consider all our theories about it. it takes up virtually no space, and is not bulky.
- The text is foremost in Genesis, Ezra, Daniel, Authorship of John, Mark 16, Isaiah, Proverbs, etc. But it isn't linked to there. It looks SLOPPY. CheeseDreams 08:29, 10 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- given the choice between sheer aesthetics and function, i gotta go with function. given the systemic bias, i'm not gonna use other pages for my model. you can put it in with the intro, if you like, but it is NOT sloppy to say that the original hebrew has been translated in many versions (true!), and make each of those versions a link. it simply makes for a better page.
- This page is unique in that several very different interpretations of the same text are intimately entangled with the way the original is translated. So in my opinion, we should provide a link to the many different translations up front. Providing a link is much, much better than providing the text up front inside the article, in my opinion. :)) ---Rednblu | Talk 17:01, 10 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- Urm, no, Mark 16 is very important w.r.t. the nature of the text. As is John 21, and Authorship of John. It is sloppy to have a whole section the contents of which are "There are some translations - series of links". It would be better to have a sentence in the introduction "sources for the text can be found at this link". CheeseDreams 22:19, 10 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- This page is unique in that several very different interpretations of the same text are intimately entangled with the way the original is translated. So in my opinion, we should provide a link to the many different translations up front. Providing a link is much, much better than providing the text up front inside the article, in my opinion. :)) ---Rednblu | Talk 17:01, 10 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- given the choice between sheer aesthetics and function, i gotta go with function. given the systemic bias, i'm not gonna use other pages for my model. you can put it in with the intro, if you like, but it is NOT sloppy to say that the original hebrew has been translated in many versions (true!), and make each of those versions a link. it simply makes for a better page.
- The text is foremost in Genesis, Ezra, Daniel, Authorship of John, Mark 16, Isaiah, Proverbs, etc. But it isn't linked to there. It looks SLOPPY. CheeseDreams 08:29, 10 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- this article is foremost about the text. a reader NEEDS to have access to the text right up in front, so he can read it, and THEN consider all our theories about it. it takes up virtually no space, and is not bulky.
- Why have you removed the first part of the interpretation section that Rednblu wrote and inserted it in the textual criticism 1vs2 accounts section?
It is not relevant there. It is relevant back at the beginning of the article. CheeseDreams 23:23, 9 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- You may be right. Good suggestion. Can we think about it.? ---Rednblu | Talk 00:41, 10 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- maybe i got a little crazy:). Ungtss 02:55, 10 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- Why have you expanded the Elohim suggests strength bit, when the extra content adds nothing and just makes it less readable?CheeseDreams 23:23, 9 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- Whether it adds something depends on the point-of-view, does it not? And any good Wikipedia artile should report the various points-of-view on the article. That is how we achieve good enough NPOV to get Featured Article status. ;)) The question is: Does the "Elohim suggests . . ." add something useful for the readers. Let's think about it. ---Rednblu | Talk 00:41, 10 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- it just seems like clarity to me. feel free to "bulk up" the other side, but i think that the words need to be explained in order for the point to be made. Ungtss 02:55, 10 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- Im not objecting to the words being explained, just the way you explained them. I had changed the paragraph to a succincter version which still contained the explanation. I want to know why you removed my succinct version and replaced it with one that was verbose. CheeseDreams 08:29, 10 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- Because i felt as tho your "succincter" version was so succinct that it made the argument incomprehensible -- that it needed to be broken apart for clarity. Ungtss 13:46, 10 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- I did not think that the "succincter" version was clear at all. Again, we should have several versions put up for wide Wikipedia vote to decide which version is clear. ---Rednblu | Talk 17:01, 10 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- What was unclear about it? CheeseDreams 22:19, 10 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- I did not think that the "succincter" version was clear at all. Again, we should have several versions put up for wide Wikipedia vote to decide which version is clear. ---Rednblu | Talk 17:01, 10 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- Because i felt as tho your "succincter" version was so succinct that it made the argument incomprehensible -- that it needed to be broken apart for clarity. Ungtss 13:46, 10 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- Im not objecting to the words being explained, just the way you explained them. I had changed the paragraph to a succincter version which still contained the explanation. I want to know why you removed my succinct version and replaced it with one that was verbose. CheeseDreams 08:29, 10 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- it just seems like clarity to me. feel free to "bulk up" the other side, but i think that the words need to be explained in order for the point to be made. Ungtss 02:55, 10 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- Whether it adds something depends on the point-of-view, does it not? And any good Wikipedia artile should report the various points-of-view on the article. That is how we achieve good enough NPOV to get Featured Article status. ;)) The question is: Does the "Elohim suggests . . ." add something useful for the readers. Let's think about it. ---Rednblu | Talk 00:41, 10 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- Why have you tagged out the text from 700BC and orthodoxy sections?
This is not personal research, orthodoxy & church latin were complaints since the Reformation, wheras the date of origin of the text is part of Biblical criticism. I have put this bit back in. There is no justification in removing it whatsoever. Orthodoxy - see Council of Nicea, Arius, Iranaeus, Eusebius, Mediaeval inquisition, Spanish inquisition, Council of Trent, Albigensian Crusade, Great Schism, and Orthodoxy. Church Latin - see Church Latin, Old Church Slavonic. Origin of the text - see Biblical criticism,Higher criticism, Documentary Hypothesis, Ezra CheeseDreams 23:23, 9 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- I agree that we need a citation to a scholar so that we can see what was really said. In my opinion, it is not good enough to just quote other Wikipedia pages. We have to summarize what the scholars actually said--not just what the Wikipedia pages said. :)) ---Rednblu | Talk 00:41, 10 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- feel free to add a scholar who put in writing their factually-based belief that there was a grand church conspiracy to burn people at the stake over the genesis story. in the mean time, i think there's absolutely no factual basis for it, and i think it's church-bashing. nobody will deny that the church has done some horrible things. but this article isn't about the inquisition. and if you wanna say the church threatened to kill people over genesis, which i can't fathom, then you gotta back it up. Ungtss 02:55, 10 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- The church DID kill people over genesis, read the articles I listed. But the point of the statement is not that they killed people over genesis, but that there was a strong lean to insistence on orthodoxy, which later became under pain of death. I don't see what the justification is in denying that the church insisted on orthodoxy. Citations please. CheeseDreams 08:29, 10 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- i just want one scholar who notes a case of the church killing a person for pointing out the "contradiction" between genesis 1 and 2. i know they killed people over orthodoxy. that's irrelevent to this page. i want a single case of them killing over genesis 1 vs. genesis 2. Ungtss 13:46, 10 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- Yes. I don't see any logical connection between the 1) inquisitions and the 2) "contradictions" in the two accounts in Genesis. The "contradictions" appear to me to reside in the original Hebrew. :) Hence, the "contradictions" have nothing to do with the "inquisitions." Now, if there is some scholar that related the "inquisitions" and the "contradictions," then it would be our duty to quote and cite that scholar's writing--if you can find it. And I doubt that you can find a scholar that says that the "inquisitions" caused the "contradictions"--because it does not make sense. ---Rednblu | Talk 17:01, 10 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- Now Im going to have to look at the vatican records (which are very very good - they took very detailed notes of all heresy trials, rather oddly), which will take time (mainly because they aren't very willing to let people look, and insist you know what you are looking for before you can get it (you can't look at the (partial) catalogue)). CheeseDreams 22:19, 10 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- N.b. the inquisitition etc. frightened people into not disputing whatever the orthodoxy was on fear of death.
- I think I should re-state something I wrote above, as you haven't noticed it "But the point of the statement is not that they killed people over genesis, but that there was a strong lean to insistence on orthodoxy". CheeseDreams 22:19, 10 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- Yes. I don't see any logical connection between the 1) inquisitions and the 2) "contradictions" in the two accounts in Genesis. The "contradictions" appear to me to reside in the original Hebrew. :) Hence, the "contradictions" have nothing to do with the "inquisitions." Now, if there is some scholar that related the "inquisitions" and the "contradictions," then it would be our duty to quote and cite that scholar's writing--if you can find it. And I doubt that you can find a scholar that says that the "inquisitions" caused the "contradictions"--because it does not make sense. ---Rednblu | Talk 17:01, 10 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- i just want one scholar who notes a case of the church killing a person for pointing out the "contradiction" between genesis 1 and 2. i know they killed people over orthodoxy. that's irrelevent to this page. i want a single case of them killing over genesis 1 vs. genesis 2. Ungtss 13:46, 10 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- The church DID kill people over genesis, read the articles I listed. But the point of the statement is not that they killed people over genesis, but that there was a strong lean to insistence on orthodoxy, which later became under pain of death. I don't see what the justification is in denying that the church insisted on orthodoxy. Citations please. CheeseDreams 08:29, 10 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- feel free to add a scholar who put in writing their factually-based belief that there was a grand church conspiracy to burn people at the stake over the genesis story. in the mean time, i think there's absolutely no factual basis for it, and i think it's church-bashing. nobody will deny that the church has done some horrible things. but this article isn't about the inquisition. and if you wanna say the church threatened to kill people over genesis, which i can't fathom, then you gotta back it up. Ungtss 02:55, 10 Nov 2004 (UTC)
By the way, ive just discovered that it is possible to read part of Genesis 2 to state that god wanted adam to commit Bestiality. Maybe that should go in too?CheeseDreams 22:19, 10 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- Duel perspective theory. After ruminating on this, I consider it an NPOV issue.
This is NOT a seperate theory, but a different way to explain the single account theory. Having it as a seperate item implies 2 accounts is only 1/3 of the opinion, but 1 account is 2/3 which is very POV. CheeseDreams 23:30, 9 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- I don't have a personal interest in what that perspective means about whether or not Genesis is genuine, do you? :) However, I do know that interpretations like that are important in scholarly circles generally, whether they are interpreting William Faulkner, the Rosetta Stone, or the Qur'an. :)) ---Rednblu | Talk 00:41, 10 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- look -- all i care about here is that a description of her work is in the text. you complained about there being no counterargument, so i added a counterargument. you erased the counterargument, so i made it a "third way." i've tried to be accomodating, but i'm out of ideas. it's good text, and it belongs in there.Ungtss 02:55, 10 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- Its an appallingly vague text. If you want to put an essay in here put it in wikisource, and link to it. Cut it, trim it, edit it, rewrite it, make it more succinct, explain what her point was rather than quote her. The film reference is unimportant. I could write an essay on Fight Club and explain how it relates to Genesis, but it isn't really relevant, and it would be just nebulous. Her text is NOT a 3rd way. If you look at the last paragraph it is saying that genesis should be read as focus on god=part 1, focus on man=part 2. This is identical to the PRO-1 account theory. To claim it is a neutral view is EXTREMELY distorting. CheeseDreams 08:29, 10 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- that's why i initially put it in with the single view, with the best counterargument i could come up with -- which you promptly deleted. i'd rather it was in with the "single account" view -- because i think you're right. but i also know that biblical critics DON'T have a counterargument because ultimately they don't CARE what the text says -- just how they can chop it up. but the text is good. it's a valid point of view, and it's cited. we can put it back with the single account view, and clean it up if you'd like ... but let's not cut it out. Ungtss 13:46, 10 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- I don't have a preference at all among the "one account," the "two account," or any "other account." :) To me the Bible is just the best-selling piece of fiction ever in history. And the "dual perspective" interpretation at least provides an explanation why the Bible is the best-selling piece of fiction in history--namely it includes so many elements of what makes a good "story" in this world where there is no God to give us the accurate story. :) Apparently, part of making a good story is inviting the hearer of the story to engage with the story. And the high sales volume in Bibles results from the demand-side of the market buying the engaging story--with no regard for accuracy of the story. :)) ---Rednblu | Talk 17:01, 10 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- agreed -- i think that's the beauty of her "could be read either way" approach -- while kitchens goes for factual and historical inerrancy (which is pretty tough to argue), and the critics hypothesize about authors based on artificial criteria and a million and one assumptions (also very difficult), she takes a broader approach to the text -- as "literature" -- which could be fictional, factual, or a little bit of both -- and should be read for what it IS, right there, in front of us, today. that's why i think she's distinct from both the evangelicals and the critics, and should be laid out separately. good stuff:). Ungtss 17:23, 10 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- I have edited it anyway. Its next to the kitchen. CheeseDreams 22:19, 10 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- agreed -- i think that's the beauty of her "could be read either way" approach -- while kitchens goes for factual and historical inerrancy (which is pretty tough to argue), and the critics hypothesize about authors based on artificial criteria and a million and one assumptions (also very difficult), she takes a broader approach to the text -- as "literature" -- which could be fictional, factual, or a little bit of both -- and should be read for what it IS, right there, in front of us, today. that's why i think she's distinct from both the evangelicals and the critics, and should be laid out separately. good stuff:). Ungtss 17:23, 10 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- I don't have a preference at all among the "one account," the "two account," or any "other account." :) To me the Bible is just the best-selling piece of fiction ever in history. And the "dual perspective" interpretation at least provides an explanation why the Bible is the best-selling piece of fiction in history--namely it includes so many elements of what makes a good "story" in this world where there is no God to give us the accurate story. :) Apparently, part of making a good story is inviting the hearer of the story to engage with the story. And the high sales volume in Bibles results from the demand-side of the market buying the engaging story--with no regard for accuracy of the story. :)) ---Rednblu | Talk 17:01, 10 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- that's why i initially put it in with the single view, with the best counterargument i could come up with -- which you promptly deleted. i'd rather it was in with the "single account" view -- because i think you're right. but i also know that biblical critics DON'T have a counterargument because ultimately they don't CARE what the text says -- just how they can chop it up. but the text is good. it's a valid point of view, and it's cited. we can put it back with the single account view, and clean it up if you'd like ... but let's not cut it out. Ungtss 13:46, 10 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- Its an appallingly vague text. If you want to put an essay in here put it in wikisource, and link to it. Cut it, trim it, edit it, rewrite it, make it more succinct, explain what her point was rather than quote her. The film reference is unimportant. I could write an essay on Fight Club and explain how it relates to Genesis, but it isn't really relevant, and it would be just nebulous. Her text is NOT a 3rd way. If you look at the last paragraph it is saying that genesis should be read as focus on god=part 1, focus on man=part 2. This is identical to the PRO-1 account theory. To claim it is a neutral view is EXTREMELY distorting. CheeseDreams 08:29, 10 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- look -- all i care about here is that a description of her work is in the text. you complained about there being no counterargument, so i added a counterargument. you erased the counterargument, so i made it a "third way." i've tried to be accomodating, but i'm out of ideas. it's good text, and it belongs in there.Ungtss 02:55, 10 Nov 2004 (UTC)
Ps. please avoid colloquialisms like "leaves off" but use "finishes" and more formal language instead. Some people will not know what colloquialisms mean, and many dictionaries do not explain them.CheeseDreams 23:23, 9 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- Ok. Good idea. Feel free to fix that also. We all can edit each other's text. :)) But yes, I will fix that. Thanks for pointing that out. :) ---Rednblu | Talk 00:41, 10 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- I would rather it was avoided in the first place, I don't want to clock up a huge number of small style edits.
- I hereby take your advice to heart. I will read through the page right this second and take out all of the "leaves off" colloquialisms that I unconsciously put in there. And I will try my best to keep from making that mistake in the future. I promise. ---Rednblu | Talk 17:01, 10 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- I don't mind, its just that I would rather not have to do it. CheeseDreams 22:19, 10 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- I hereby take your advice to heart. I will read through the page right this second and take out all of the "leaves off" colloquialisms that I unconsciously put in there. And I will try my best to keep from making that mistake in the future. I promise. ---Rednblu | Talk 17:01, 10 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- I would rather it was avoided in the first place, I don't want to clock up a huge number of small style edits.
I am thinking of reverting, but will wait until these are answered. CheeseDreams 23:23, 9 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- let's hash it out all here before we return the edit war, eh:)? Ungtss 02:55, 10 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- hash? like this - ######################################### ? CheeseDreams 08:29, 10 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- sometimes it feels that way, yes:). Ungtss 13:46, 10 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- Have no fear. Edit wars will not deter us. :))) We will use "containers" on the TalkPage and subpages wherever needed to preserve the good and clear texts of whatever we do here. Then we will put all of our versions up for wide Wikipedia vote when we think we are ready. ---Rednblu | Talk 17:01, 10 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- sometimes it feels that way, yes:). Ungtss 13:46, 10 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- hash? like this - ######################################### ? CheeseDreams 08:29, 10 Nov 2004 (UTC)
Proposal for continuing good work despite the edit war on the MainPage
- Definitions
- Let Creation according to Genesis be called the MajorityOpinionPage
- Let /tempMinorityOpinionPage be called the MinorityOpinionPage
- Let the readers decide which editors constitute the "majority" and which editors constitute the "minority." The "majority" editors are the ones who put the "This article is the subject of an edit war" tag on the Creation according to Genesis.
- That would be me then. OOh its nice to be in a majority of 1 compared to the piddling little minority of 2. CheeseDreams 22:28, 10 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- Statement of the problem
- The "majority" editors have declared an edit war on Creation according to Genesis.
- No, the majority editors have simply pointed out that there is one. CheeseDreams 22:28, 10 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- The "minority" editors would like to develop a good page rather than fight an edit war.
- Are you claiming that the majority editors are not with that intent?CheeseDreams 22:28, 10 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- Rules for continuing good work despite the edit war on Creation according to Genesis
- The "minority" editors can make suggestions about the Creation according to Genesis page, but they must make those suggestions on the Talk:Creation according to Genesis page. Only the "majority" editors have the power of moving suggestions from the Talk:Creation according to Genesis page to the Creation according to Genesis page.
- Conversely, the "majority" editors, those who put the "This article is the subject of an edit war" tag on the Creation according to Genesis page can make suggestions about the /tempMinorityOpinionPage, but they must make those suggestions on the Talk:Creation according to Genesis page. Only the "minority" editors have the power of making changes to the [/tempMinorityOpinionPage]
- An appropriate Sysadmin will be selected by the "minority" editors to keep the "majority" editors from making changes to [/tempMinorityOpinionPage].
No, that is silly. It is having a rival page. This is a forbidden practice. CheeseDreams 22:28, 10 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- I have asked several Sysadmins at this link to look in occasionally to make sure that both "majority" and "minority" opinion treat the other fairly for this time. :) As one member of the "minority" opinion on the Creation according to Genesis page, I ask of you please to give those of us in the "minority" and any other Wikipedia editor interested in developing a collaborative page a chance to develop our collaborative writing on the /tempMinorityOpinionPage so that we can see if our ideas are workable. We will strive to make those ideas good enough that you will like them as well. :)) ---Rednblu | Talk 20:55, 11 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- The Wikipedia community vote will decide the baseline version of the Creation according to Genesis page
- At a time that the "minority" editors choose, the Wikipedia community shall be invited to vote on which version, the majority's or the minority's, shall be adopted for the baseline version of Creation according to Genesis. This voting mechanism is demonstrated on the Talk:Clitoris page where the total Wikipedia community is currently voting on what shall be the baseline version of the Clitoris page.
- The vote of the total Wikipedia community shall decide the baseline content of the Creation according to Genesis page. ---Rednblu | Talk 18:22, 10 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- Again, no. In addition, the "wikipedia community" who actually vote is simply dependent on those who are aware of the vote. This is very easy to gerrymander one way or the other, simply by making more of one's side aware. Since there are 2 of you and 1 of me, that automatically gives you a better chance of bringing a greater number of people to voting. THIS IS CHEATING. CheeseDreams 22:28, 10 Nov 2004 (UTC)
Discussion follows here
- I'd say, just create a temp page and start editing. You don't have to make a big deal about it -- just do it. Then you can work it up to scratch, and hopefully, it will be so good that all sides agree and we can take it live. (If there's a big fuss, then we take it to the Village Pump...) We did a similar thing with Shroud of Turin and managed to achieve FA status. I am interested in getting this page up to scratch and would be willing to help. Mpolo 18:59, Nov 10, 2004 (UTC)
- I invite you and any other editor interested in working in a collaborative style to come to Creation according to Genesis/tempMinorityOpinionPage. I am trying out some placement of images ideas. Any ideas? Does anybody have some idea for a stunning graphic of what the most ancient scroll of Genesis looks like? ---Rednblu | Talk 20:55, 11 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- Thanks. I have started a Creation according to Genesis/tempMinorityOpinionPage and am thinking about what version to put there initially. Any ideas? As you suggest, the formality is not necessary, but I would want to make clear that something formal could be established, no? ;)) ---Rednblu | Talk 19:24, 10 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- I think, having read Mpolo's comment, that we should take the issue up on the Shroud of Turin page. That way, since there are obviously a lot of people involved in that, there is going to be a wider collection of people, which is more likely to be overall neutral. THIS IS A SERIOUS SUGGESTION. CheeseDreams 22:28, 10 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- sorry i jumped the gun and put in the page from last night ... lemme know if you want a different one:). Ungtss 19:33, 10 Nov 2004 (UTC)
Why the {} sign/s?
The sign/s: {{NPOV}}{{expansion}}{{Cleanup}} placed on this page by User:CheeseDreams are similar to the ones he placed on about 50 other similar pages without any discussion, explanation or reasoning, so he needs to explain what his "Grand strategy" is...would he like to re-write the entire way Christianity and Judaisn look at the Bible on Wikipedia? Anyone concerned with these articles neeeds to know. (And why create a redundant category Category:Bible stories that is now up for a vote for deletion at Wikipedia:Categories for deletion#Category:Bible stories?) IZAK 07:15, 18 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- If you actually read the above, you would note that this page is the subject of an edit war. CheeseDreams 21:16, 18 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- Not so. The content of this Creation according to Genesis page is controlled entirely by Mr. Dreams--as you will see from the History of Creation according to Genesis.
- That is a LIE, RednBlu. You are creating a rival page there. Do you dispute this? If you no longer require the rival, I will add a speedy delete tag to the rival. CheeseDreams 22:27, 18 Nov 2004 (UTC)
Terminology
It seems that this artucle uses "textual criticism" and "textual critic" throughout, when it is actually referring to "source criticism" and "source critic." I'm particularly troubled by the sentence:
"The small minority[citation needed] of academics rejecting the methodology of textual criticism, as well as non-academic Creationists, argue that when a biblical text is measured against the scholar's own concept of unity and found wanting, this probably says more about the biblical scholar's sense of unity than about the text's prehistory. (Carr 24)."
which seems to imply that conservatives who reject the two-source theory are rejecting textual criticism (when in fact many of them are very active textual critics). I propose that in this section (and elsewhere in the article) the term textual criticism be replaced with source criticism, the term "textual critic" be replaced by "source critic" and this particular sentence be altered to read "Some question the methodology of source criticism in passages like this and argue that[...]" This would both help in avoiding arguments over loaded terms like "small minority" and "academic", and improve the accuracy of the statement. I know many conservative biblicists who would agree with the above argument with respect to source criticism in the Pentatech, but fully accept the methods of source criticism elsewhere (e.g. in identifying Q-quotations in the Gospels), and use the same text-critical methodology as any more liberal scholar would.
Fair warning announcement
Please see the text of the announcement at this link ---Rednblu | Talk 10:51, 24 Nov 2004 (UTC)
Please also see the section marked "Explain". Dysfunctional behaviour includes not adressing concerns raised on a talk page, and instead just going off to write a rival version ignoring them. CheeseDreams 17:00, 24 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- To what, pray tell, do you refer? I see not one of Mr. Dreams's comments that has not been thoroughly and exhaustively considered and applied where found of value. ---Rednblu | Talk 17:50, 24 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- The section above marked "explain", to which no responses have occured for many weeks. DESPITE my repeated requests to you to do so. CheeseDreams 19:21, 24 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- Ok, I will give you the benefit of the doubt. I will withhold judgment and attribute my not seeing an unanswered concern to my certainty that there is not one. :)) Perhaps you could copy that unanswered concern below? I would sincerely thank you. :)) ---Rednblu | Talk 21:21, 24 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- It seems that the following list of thorougly and exhaustively considered concerns is no different from the above list of thoroughly and exhaustively considered concerns. However, I iterate that the following list of actions should assist with all of those already thoroughly and exhaustively considered concerns:
- Correct spelling in the Creation according to Genesis page. A spell-checker would be good.
- Correct "grammer". See above.
- Turn the bullet-points into prose. ---Rednblu | Talk 17:48, 25 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- There are no replies on the following list, therefore it is not thouroughly or exhaustively addressed. CheeseDreams 19:43, 25 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- The section above marked "explain", to which no responses have occured for many weeks. DESPITE my repeated requests to you to do so. CheeseDreams 19:21, 24 Nov 2004 (UTC)
Copy of unanswered concerns
Please explain
- Why you have a very nebulous textual essay by one reference shoved at the end of the article. CheeseDreams 23:23, 9 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- A paraphrase of what a cited scholar said is not "nebulous." That is the very essence of how to achieve Wikipedia NPOV--namely cite to what scholars actually said. Surely, a scholar's opinion of the interpretation of the "text" is not "nebulous." ---Rednblu | Talk 00:41, 10 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- the cited scholar shows a "third way" in the debate. it's legit and it belongs there. Ungtss 02:55, 10 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- Nebulous=cloudy, i.e. vague. The Nebulosity exists because the text is badly written. It should be rewritten. I will do it if no-one else does.
- Since there is such a great disparity of opinion of editors on whether the current text is clear English, the appropriate thing would be to put your eventual version and the current version up for wide Wikipedia vote on whether it is "clear." Likely many sections of this page will be submitted for Wikipedia vote on what kind of English provides clarity. :) ---Rednblu | Talk 17:01, 10 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- Assuming it hasn't been reverted again, I have already edited most of the nebulosity out of it, and moved it to the appropriate section. CheeseDreams 22:19, 10 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- Since there is such a great disparity of opinion of editors on whether the current text is clear English, the appropriate thing would be to put your eventual version and the current version up for wide Wikipedia vote on whether it is "clear." Likely many sections of this page will be submitted for Wikipedia vote on what kind of English provides clarity. :) ---Rednblu | Talk 17:01, 10 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- Nebulous=cloudy, i.e. vague. The Nebulosity exists because the text is badly written. It should be rewritten. I will do it if no-one else does.
- the cited scholar shows a "third way" in the debate. it's legit and it belongs there. Ungtss 02:55, 10 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- A paraphrase of what a cited scholar said is not "nebulous." That is the very essence of how to achieve Wikipedia NPOV--namely cite to what scholars actually said. Surely, a scholar's opinion of the interpretation of the "text" is not "nebulous." ---Rednblu | Talk 00:41, 10 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- Why you do not want it admitted that Kitchen is an Evangelical Christian. After ruminating on this, I consider it an NPOV issue.
For my part It is important that it be pointed out that his starting point is "the bible is fundamentally inerrant", which does not really make his search for evidence likely to be very NPOV, it is important that it is stated that he is NOT an impartial witness to the matter. All or nothing is fine by me. I prefer All. I have never used a quote which implies it is from a neutral bystander but supports a particular side of the argument. I do not expect you to do that either. Either remove the quote or point out he is very much not neutral. CheeseDreams 23:23, 9 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- NPOV is NOT about neutrality. NPOV is about stating what the proponents actually said. I refer you to the Wikipedia NPOV policy documents. That Mr. Kitchen said what he said is a fact. And therefore quoting what Mr. Kitchen said, together with opposing quotes of scholars, is how Wikipedia NPOV is achieved! ---Rednblu | Talk 00:41, 10 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- if you wanna say that kitchen's got an evangelical bias, you gotta list the biases of the biblical critics -- including the many atheists -- who come to the bible believing there is no God and the text is a crock, and use their "biblical criticism" to prove it. bias cuts both ways, and i want everybody's bias listed, or nobody's bias. the notion that atheists are objective and evangelicals alone are biased is pov. Ungtss 02:55, 10 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- Where did I state that atheists are unbiased? The point is that you use Kitchens quote to suggest a fact which supports the argument on one side. The point is that Kitchen is extremely biased, and so the factual accuracy of what he states is in doubt. Therefore it is important to point this out. Please note: I have not myself used quotes stating things as if they were fact.
- i understand that. all i'm saying is, if you want to call Kitchens an evangelical, then you need to call the biblical critics either Liberal Christians, non-christians, or atheists -- because many biblical critics are ALSO extremely biased. it is pov to identify the bias of one academic, leaving the implication that all the others have no bias. all i want is fair treatment -- everyone or noone. Ungtss 13:46, 10 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- That would be the Wikipedia NPOV approach. Yes. :) ---Rednblu | Talk 17:01, 10 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- Seconded. Treat all POVs fairly, with a consistently sympathetic, positive tone. Tom - Talk 21:16, Nov 10, 2004 (UTC)
- I have no objection to pointing out that person X is liberal christian, etc. ON CONDITION THAT kitchen is identified as an evangelical. Alternatively (as per my recent edit (if it hasn't been reverted)), I will accept not mentioning he is an evangelical ON CONDITION THAT it is also not mentioned that he is a professor or archaeologist. All or nothing. CheeseDreams 22:19, 10 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- i understand that. all i'm saying is, if you want to call Kitchens an evangelical, then you need to call the biblical critics either Liberal Christians, non-christians, or atheists -- because many biblical critics are ALSO extremely biased. it is pov to identify the bias of one academic, leaving the implication that all the others have no bias. all i want is fair treatment -- everyone or noone. Ungtss 13:46, 10 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- Where did I state that atheists are unbiased? The point is that you use Kitchens quote to suggest a fact which supports the argument on one side. The point is that Kitchen is extremely biased, and so the factual accuracy of what he states is in doubt. Therefore it is important to point this out. Please note: I have not myself used quotes stating things as if they were fact.
- Having the biblical references is simply messy
There is a perfectly adequate section at the base of the article. The other Jesus and Bible articles don't have massive sets of links to a series of biblical sources. Nor should this. The point of an encyclopedia is to sum things up not to have loads of references and go:well, go on, look for yourself. CheeseDreams 23:23, 9 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- It is Wikipedia policy to 1) identify proponents of various views and 2) cite your sources when it is not obvious where to go to check whether what you just wrote is correct. To get Featured Article status, it is important to provide citations and references. I refer you to the criticisms that this page got when being considered for Featured Article status. ---Rednblu | Talk 00:41, 10 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- this article is foremost about the text. a reader NEEDS to have access to the text right up in front, so he can read it, and THEN consider all our theories about it. it takes up virtually no space, and is not bulky.
- The text is foremost in Genesis, Ezra, Daniel, Authorship of John, Mark 16, Isaiah, Proverbs, etc. But it isn't linked to there. It looks SLOPPY. CheeseDreams 08:29, 10 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- given the choice between sheer aesthetics and function, i gotta go with function. given the systemic bias, i'm not gonna use other pages for my model. you can put it in with the intro, if you like, but it is NOT sloppy to say that the original hebrew has been translated in many versions (true!), and make each of those versions a link. it simply makes for a better page.
- This page is unique in that several very different interpretations of the same text are intimately entangled with the way the original is translated. So in my opinion, we should provide a link to the many different translations up front. Providing a link is much, much better than providing the text up front inside the article, in my opinion. :)) ---Rednblu | Talk 17:01, 10 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- Urm, no, Mark 16 is very important w.r.t. the nature of the text. As is John 21, and Authorship of John. It is sloppy to have a whole section the contents of which are "There are some translations - series of links". It would be better to have a sentence in the introduction "sources for the text can be found at this link". CheeseDreams 22:19, 10 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- This page is unique in that several very different interpretations of the same text are intimately entangled with the way the original is translated. So in my opinion, we should provide a link to the many different translations up front. Providing a link is much, much better than providing the text up front inside the article, in my opinion. :)) ---Rednblu | Talk 17:01, 10 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- given the choice between sheer aesthetics and function, i gotta go with function. given the systemic bias, i'm not gonna use other pages for my model. you can put it in with the intro, if you like, but it is NOT sloppy to say that the original hebrew has been translated in many versions (true!), and make each of those versions a link. it simply makes for a better page.
- The text is foremost in Genesis, Ezra, Daniel, Authorship of John, Mark 16, Isaiah, Proverbs, etc. But it isn't linked to there. It looks SLOPPY. CheeseDreams 08:29, 10 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- this article is foremost about the text. a reader NEEDS to have access to the text right up in front, so he can read it, and THEN consider all our theories about it. it takes up virtually no space, and is not bulky.
- Why have you expanded the Elohim suggests strength bit, when the extra content adds nothing and just makes it less readable?CheeseDreams 23:23, 9 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- Whether it adds something depends on the point-of-view, does it not? And any good Wikipedia artile should report the various points-of-view on the article. That is how we achieve good enough NPOV to get Featured Article status. ;)) The question is: Does the "Elohim suggests . . ." add something useful for the readers. Let's think about it. ---Rednblu | Talk 00:41, 10 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- it just seems like clarity to me. feel free to "bulk up" the other side, but i think that the words need to be explained in order for the point to be made. Ungtss 02:55, 10 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- Im not objecting to the words being explained, just the way you explained them. I had changed the paragraph to a succincter version which still contained the explanation. I want to know why you removed my succinct version and replaced it with one that was verbose. CheeseDreams 08:29, 10 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- Because i felt as tho your "succincter" version was so succinct that it made the argument incomprehensible -- that it needed to be broken apart for clarity. Ungtss 13:46, 10 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- I did not think that the "succincter" version was clear at all. Again, we should have several versions put up for wide Wikipedia vote to decide which version is clear. ---Rednblu | Talk 17:01, 10 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- What was unclear about it? CheeseDreams 22:19, 10 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- I did not think that the "succincter" version was clear at all. Again, we should have several versions put up for wide Wikipedia vote to decide which version is clear. ---Rednblu | Talk 17:01, 10 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- Because i felt as tho your "succincter" version was so succinct that it made the argument incomprehensible -- that it needed to be broken apart for clarity. Ungtss 13:46, 10 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- Im not objecting to the words being explained, just the way you explained them. I had changed the paragraph to a succincter version which still contained the explanation. I want to know why you removed my succinct version and replaced it with one that was verbose. CheeseDreams 08:29, 10 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- it just seems like clarity to me. feel free to "bulk up" the other side, but i think that the words need to be explained in order for the point to be made. Ungtss 02:55, 10 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- Whether it adds something depends on the point-of-view, does it not? And any good Wikipedia artile should report the various points-of-view on the article. That is how we achieve good enough NPOV to get Featured Article status. ;)) The question is: Does the "Elohim suggests . . ." add something useful for the readers. Let's think about it. ---Rednblu | Talk 00:41, 10 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- Why have you tagged out the text from 700BC and orthodoxy sections?
This is not personal research, orthodoxy & church latin were complaints since the Reformation, wheras the date of origin of the text is part of Biblical criticism. I have put this bit back in. There is no justification in removing it whatsoever. Orthodoxy - see Council of Nicea, Arius, Iranaeus, Eusebius, Mediaeval inquisition, Spanish inquisition, Council of Trent, Albigensian Crusade, Great Schism, and Orthodoxy. Church Latin - see Church Latin, Old Church Slavonic. Origin of the text - see Biblical criticism,Higher criticism, Documentary Hypothesis, Ezra CheeseDreams 23:23, 9 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- I agree that we need a citation to a scholar so that we can see what was really said. In my opinion, it is not good enough to just quote other Wikipedia pages. We have to summarize what the scholars actually said--not just what the Wikipedia pages said. :)) ---Rednblu | Talk 00:41, 10 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- feel free to add a scholar who put in writing their factually-based belief that there was a grand church conspiracy to burn people at the stake over the genesis story. in the mean time, i think there's absolutely no factual basis for it, and i think it's church-bashing. nobody will deny that the church has done some horrible things. but this article isn't about the inquisition. and if you wanna say the church threatened to kill people over genesis, which i can't fathom, then you gotta back it up. Ungtss 02:55, 10 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- The church DID kill people over genesis, read the articles I listed. But the point of the statement is not that they killed people over genesis, but that there was a strong lean to insistence on orthodoxy, which later became under pain of death. I don't see what the justification is in denying that the church insisted on orthodoxy. Citations please. CheeseDreams 08:29, 10 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- i just want one scholar who notes a case of the church killing a person for pointing out the "contradiction" between genesis 1 and 2. i know they killed people over orthodoxy. that's irrelevent to this page. i want a single case of them killing over genesis 1 vs. genesis 2. Ungtss 13:46, 10 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- Yes. I don't see any logical connection between the 1) inquisitions and the 2) "contradictions" in the two accounts in Genesis. The "contradictions" appear to me to reside in the original Hebrew. :) Hence, the "contradictions" have nothing to do with the "inquisitions." Now, if there is some scholar that related the "inquisitions" and the "contradictions," then it would be our duty to quote and cite that scholar's writing--if you can find it. And I doubt that you can find a scholar that says that the "inquisitions" caused the "contradictions"--because it does not make sense. ---Rednblu | Talk 17:01, 10 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- Now Im going to have to look at the vatican records (which are very very good - they took very detailed notes of all heresy trials, rather oddly), which will take time (mainly because they aren't very willing to let people look, and insist you know what you are looking for before you can get it (you can't look at the (partial) catalogue)). CheeseDreams 22:19, 10 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- N.b. the inquisitition etc. frightened people into not disputing whatever the orthodoxy was on fear of death.
- I think I should re-state something I wrote above, as you haven't noticed it "But the point of the statement is not that they killed people over genesis, but that there was a strong lean to insistence on orthodoxy". CheeseDreams 22:19, 10 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- Yes. I don't see any logical connection between the 1) inquisitions and the 2) "contradictions" in the two accounts in Genesis. The "contradictions" appear to me to reside in the original Hebrew. :) Hence, the "contradictions" have nothing to do with the "inquisitions." Now, if there is some scholar that related the "inquisitions" and the "contradictions," then it would be our duty to quote and cite that scholar's writing--if you can find it. And I doubt that you can find a scholar that says that the "inquisitions" caused the "contradictions"--because it does not make sense. ---Rednblu | Talk 17:01, 10 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- i just want one scholar who notes a case of the church killing a person for pointing out the "contradiction" between genesis 1 and 2. i know they killed people over orthodoxy. that's irrelevent to this page. i want a single case of them killing over genesis 1 vs. genesis 2. Ungtss 13:46, 10 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- The church DID kill people over genesis, read the articles I listed. But the point of the statement is not that they killed people over genesis, but that there was a strong lean to insistence on orthodoxy, which later became under pain of death. I don't see what the justification is in denying that the church insisted on orthodoxy. Citations please. CheeseDreams 08:29, 10 Nov 2004 (UTC)
- feel free to add a scholar who put in writing their factually-based belief that there was a grand church conspiracy to burn people at the stake over the genesis story. in the mean time, i think there's absolutely no factual basis for it, and i think it's church-bashing. nobody will deny that the church has done some horrible things. but this article isn't about the inquisition. and if you wanna say the church threatened to kill people over genesis, which i can't fathom, then you gotta back it up. Ungtss 02:55, 10 Nov 2004 (UTC)
This page has a category of creation stories which is a non existant orphan category. Realizing it is a controversial topic, I didn't want to just parent the category .. I would like to get a consensus as to where creation stories belong in the hierarchy of categories. As many creation stories are viewed as mythology, for example Greek and Roman creation stories, I thought possibly there. But I'm sure that might cause some controversy. So folks where should it go? Thanks -- Sortior 04:33, Nov 25, 2004 (UTC)
- Most people do not view it as strictly literal (even amongst those who view most of the bible as such - although the u.s. contains a large group of those who do). However, as SOME think it is a myth, it should go in the myths catagory, and because SOME do not, it should ALSO go in another category.CheeseDreams 08:24, 25 Nov 2004 (UTC)
Anonymous edit re JEPD
And anonymous editor inserted the following statement into the article, regarding the use of "Jehovah" in Genesis 2:4&ndashGenesis 2:24
- (However, anyone who knows Hebrew can check the text and see that this statement is wrong - the title "God" (elohim) is used in the first chapter, consistantly "Jehova God" is used in chapters 2 and 3, only in chapter 4 do we find Jehova used alone.)
I reverted simply because inserting an editorial comment into the article is not appropriate. Either the article should have been corrected, or the matter discussed on this talk page. Not being a Hebrew reader, I don't know whether either the claim or counter claim is correct, so I hope that someone will clarify that. (If the anonymous editor's counter claim is correct, how do we correct the article?) Perhaps Ungtss, who appears to have inserted the original claim, can add his two cents' worth? Philip J. Rayment 09:06, 28 Jan 2005 (UTC)
I am the anonymous editor, and I read Biblical Hebrew fluently. The statement as it stands is like calling the sky red - I don't know any scholar who could make that claim with a straight face. Since this is not a question of opinion - anyone who knows Hebrew can check those facts - it certainly calls into question the validity of the JEPD theory if this is one of their claims, though it may be a misstatement concerning the JEPD theory.
- i really appreciate your knowledge on the subject -- silly me, i just took those idiots who support the JEDP idea at their word -- but i looked it up -- and you're right -- it's Jehovah Elohim -- so i fixed it:). what to do now with all the BibKrit material that falsely says that genesis 2 uses Jehovah exclusively:)? it sounds as tho you have a great knowledge of hebrew -- do you have any other insight into these issues which could further benefit the page? Ungtss 12:50, 30 Jan 2005 (UTC)
Creationism?
Does this really belong in the Creationism category, and template (which latter isn't actually on the page, but refers to it)? Surely the focus is on textual analysis of scripture, not the cosmological and evolutionary debate. Alai
- This article is barely about creation at all! The top paragraph somewhat talks about the creation according to Genesis, but then the rest of the article talks about the Documentary Hypothesis, for which there is already an article. I think the title is rather misleading and this page needs a severe reworking to cover what the title actually describes. SF2K1
The bias of this article is a little too anti-documentary-hypothesis
The bias of this article is a little too anti-documentary-hypothesis. In order to counteract this, I have added a link with a more critical view of the "Moses wrote the first five books" viewpoint. Samboy 22:29, 28 Mar 2005 (UTC)
Merged From: Talk:Creation account in Genesis
The Existance of this page This page was recently created by someone for POV reasons. It entirely duplicates the Creation accounts in Genesis page. It is now a candidate for deletion, for NPOV reasons. User:CheeseDreams
I don't see why this should have been merged (I can't see much relevance), but it was tagged for merging -- I guess it might be of use to someone, so here you have it. Robinoke 21:50, 12 May 2005 (UTC)
de nihilio [or nihilo?] nihil, in nihilum nil posse reverti--The Doctrine of the Eternity of Matter
I believe there is no legitimate form of the word 'nothing' in Latin that is spelled 'nihilio,' though I could find no satisfactory confirmation; however, 'nihilo' seems to be the accurate word used in the Doctrine of the Eternity of Matter.
Anyone versed in Latin?
The headword is 'nihilum' (also 'nihilominus' and 'nilum'). 'Nihilio' is not a word.66.156.79.45 02:43, 29 November 2006 (UTC)JMW
Delete?
The article is just badly written - it's sophomoric. Delete, and save us all the embarrassment of its existence. PiCo 12:15, 27 September 2005 (UTC)
Thank you for your suggestion! When you feel an article needs improvement, please feel free to make whatever changes you feel are needed. Wikipedia is a wiki, so anyone can edit almost any article by simply following the Edit this page link at the top. You don't even need to log in! (Although there are some reasons why you might like to…) The Wikipedia community encourages you to be bold. Don't worry too much about making honest mistakes—they're likely to be found and corrected quickly. If you're not sure how editing works, check out how to edit a page, or use the sandbox to try out your editing skills. New contributors are always welcome. Endomion 18:41, 7 January 2006 (UTC)
Literary intent
The last point appears to be unsubstantiated. IMHO to state that numbers in the Bible rarely have significance requires a reference. "It is appointed unto man once to die ..." has numerical significance. Dan Watts 15:42, 3 November 2005 (UTC)
Exclusion of Agnostic or Atheist positions
The article reads "The level to which the story is taken at its literal meaning is in part related to how theologically conservative or theologically liberal the interpreter is."
Why do you here exclude non-Christians, agnostics or atheists? Surely they have opinions too about the nature of Creation according to Genesis!
JEDP Hypothesis
"[M]odern documentary hypothesis is currently supported by over 90% of academics in the field." — Show some reference for this statement or remove it. Dan Watts 01:19, 17 April 2006 (UTC)
References
Proposing split
I propose to split this page in to Creation according to Judaism, Creation according Christianity, etc. As both understand Genesis totally differently and have very different ideas.
Judaism holds the Hebrew grammatically correct translation the first verse is: "In the beginning of God's creating the heavens and the earth." Rashi refutes the reading of the verse as "In the beginning [of everything] God created the heavens and the earth", as it is illogical, due to the fact that, in the next verse, water is mentioned before having been created. Indeed, water is never said to be created in the Genesis account of creation. The Jewish understanding of Genesis has no similarities and is incompatible with the Christian understanding.
I propose this split because the viewpoints have no similarities. ems (not to be confused with the nonexistant pre-dating account by the same name) 10:15, 7 May 2006 (UTC)
Survey
3/6/0 (for/against/neutral)
- Support ems (not to be confused with the nonexistant pre-dating account by the same name) 10:15, 7 May 2006 (UTC)
- Against The etcetera is an open ended call for adding multiple versions; furthermore this may result in a fractioned representation of the topic with much redundancy. I agree some attention should be piad though. I think a section 'difference between interpretations' should be sufficient to capture these issues. Arnoutf 11:01, 7 May 2006 (UTC)
- Comment actually there wont be any redundancy. Jewish and Christian understanding of Genesis are totally different and these major deference starts from the very first verse. There are no similarities at all. I proposed this split because they are incompatible and have no similarities. ems (not to be confused with the nonexistant pre-dating account by the same name) 11:12, 7 May 2006 (UTC)
- It's pretty drastic, and also pretty inaccurate, to say that there are no similarities at all. --InShaneee 23:01, 7 May 2006 (UTC)
- Comment actually there wont be any redundancy. Jewish and Christian understanding of Genesis are totally different and these major deference starts from the very first verse. There are no similarities at all. I proposed this split because they are incompatible and have no similarities. ems (not to be confused with the nonexistant pre-dating account by the same name) 11:12, 7 May 2006 (UTC)
- Against : Agree with Arnoutf that this will just frationate the topic. By all means introduce material to discuss distinctions being drawn by different interpretations though (the distinctions seem minor to me; but I'm fairly ignorant). If it were to split, presumably we'd have to introduce further splits to represent Islam and different flavours of Judaism or Christianity. Probably best to avoid that. --Plumbago 11:15, 7 May 2006 (UTC)
- Comment why would you need splits of similar and compatible views? Here I ask for a split because the views have no similarities and are incompatible. ems (not to be confused with the nonexistant pre-dating account by the same name) 11:21, 7 May 2006 (UTC)
- Comment My objection is that it's not at all clear to me that they really "have no similarities and are incompatible". I'm sure that there are differences in detail, but do they differ radically in the overarching scheme of things? If so, the case for this needs to be made better. At the moment, it just sounds like another familiar creationist interpretation. Cheers, --Plumbago 12:36, 8 May 2006 (UTC)
- Comment why would you need splits of similar and compatible views? Here I ask for a split because the views have no similarities and are incompatible. ems (not to be confused with the nonexistant pre-dating account by the same name) 11:21, 7 May 2006 (UTC)
- Against Agree with Arnoutf; fractioned representation will ensue and the issue can be adequately represented in a single topic. --Davril2020 11:51, 7 May 2006 (UTC)
- Comment That would be possible if both agreed to the fundermental basis of the argument, that is, the story or events of creation. Judaism sees it in a totally different way. ems (not to be confused with the nonexistant pre-dating account by the same name) 16:45, 7 May 2006 (UTC)
- Support The present article is a hopeless mismash of theories and opinions, more about Bible criticism in general than the creation story. The "Story" section itself is filled with interjections that are not in the text: "Light is the most important element for life to exist". I think it would be more interesting to read clear descriptions of coherent positions that one could then compare. --agr 13:59, 7 May 2006 (UTC)
- Against differences both within Christianity and within Jewish thought (rather than between them) differ far more than differences between different versions of the book Genesis. WAS 4.250 17:25, 7 May 2006 (UTC)
- Comment do you say such a thing because you do not know the Jewish thought? Their differences have no simillarities. ems (not to be confused with the nonexistant pre-dating account by the same name) 18:51, 7 May 2006 (UTC)
- Comment They have many similarities. They both have some commentators who were historically willing to accept less literal interpretations and others who were not. They both now have adherents who range from YEC to TE. Don't accuse WAS of ignorance simply because you disagree with him. JoshuaZ 19:01, 7 May 2006 (UTC)
- Comment I asked a question. who were historically willing to accept less literal interpretations and others What nonsense. Rashi's comment on the grammar is 100% literal. Ramban's comment on the days is also 100% literal. Unlike Christian scholars they based their understanding on literal Hebrew with grammar. ems (not to be confused with the nonexistant pre-dating account by the same name) 19:07, 7 May 2006 (UTC)
- Comment They have many similarities. They both have some commentators who were historically willing to accept less literal interpretations and others who were not. They both now have adherents who range from YEC to TE. Don't accuse WAS of ignorance simply because you disagree with him. JoshuaZ 19:01, 7 May 2006 (UTC)
- Comment do you say such a thing because you do not know the Jewish thought? Their differences have no simillarities. ems (not to be confused with the nonexistant pre-dating account by the same name) 18:51, 7 May 2006 (UTC)
- Support As per ems. --PinchasC | £€åV€ m€ å m€§§åg€ 17:58, 7 May 2006 (UTC)
- Against Was and Arnouft put it well. Also note that this is part of a general set of POV pushing by ems to deemphasize creationism in judaism. He is trying to do it also in Creation-evolution controversy. JoshuaZ 18:47, 7 May 2006 (UTC)
- Against All that needs to be done is to sort the article by viewpoint. It's the same genesis that's being read, so that part will be consistent, then both interpritations can be presented. --InShaneee 22:00, 7 May 2006 (UTC)
- Comment That is the problem. It isn't the same Genesis. Jewish reading is with Hebrew grammar. While Christian reading isn't. Jewish reading is based on the Hebrew text with grammar. Christian reading is based on the LXX translation that was without grammar. Grammar makes a huge differences. No Christian translation translates according to the Hebrew with grammar. While a majority of the Jewish translation do. ems (not to be confused with the nonexistant pre-dating account by the same name) 22:14, 7 May 2006 (UTC)
- It's still mostly going to be the same text. Differences in interpritation due to grammatical differences could still be covered here. --InShaneee 22:57, 7 May 2006 (UTC)
- Comment Would you think I am stupid to propose a split? The differences are major and have totally different meanings that there is not simillarities. ems (not to be confused with the nonexistant pre-dating account by the same name) 23:05, 7 May 2006 (UTC)
- There are PLENTY of similarities! Is there an Adam? An Eve? If there are 'major' differences, then a seperate section on this page should be adequate to discuss them. --InShaneee 23:12, 7 May 2006 (UTC)
- That is already after creation. ems (not to be confused with the nonexistant pre-dating account by the same name) 23:50, 7 May 2006 (UTC)
- There are PLENTY of similarities! Is there an Adam? An Eve? If there are 'major' differences, then a seperate section on this page should be adequate to discuss them. --InShaneee 23:12, 7 May 2006 (UTC)
- Comment Would you think I am stupid to propose a split? The differences are major and have totally different meanings that there is not simillarities. ems (not to be confused with the nonexistant pre-dating account by the same name) 23:05, 7 May 2006 (UTC)
- It's still mostly going to be the same text. Differences in interpritation due to grammatical differences could still be covered here. --InShaneee 22:57, 7 May 2006 (UTC)
- Comment That is the problem. It isn't the same Genesis. Jewish reading is with Hebrew grammar. While Christian reading isn't. Jewish reading is based on the Hebrew text with grammar. Christian reading is based on the LXX translation that was without grammar. Grammar makes a huge differences. No Christian translation translates according to the Hebrew with grammar. While a majority of the Jewish translation do. ems (not to be confused with the nonexistant pre-dating account by the same name) 22:14, 7 May 2006 (UTC)
- My mistake. Either way, are you really saying that every last detail on this page is disputed by the vast majority of Jewish scholars? If so, significant evidence would be needed to back up that assertion, and again, if it just amounts to 'significant differences', then it can be covered in its own section here. --InShaneee 00:10, 8 May 2006 (UTC)
- Yes. Ramban says the lateral translation of "vayehi ever vayehi borck'r" is "and there was caos and there calmness" not "and there was evening and there was morning." Likewise, Rashi states But Scripture did not come to teach the sequence of the Creation, to say that these came first, for if it came to teach this, it should have written:“At first He created the heavens and the earth,” (Hebrew: בָּרִאשׁוֹנָה) for there is no רֵאשִׁית in Scripture that is not connected to the following word... ems (not to be confused with the nonexistant pre-dating account by the same name) 09:21, 8 May 2006 (UTC)
- You keep citing two scholars. Do you have any evidence that their translation is widely accepted, and not just their opinion? --InShaneee 17:49, 8 May 2006 (UTC)
- I actually am quoting 3 scholars. Rashi, Ramban and Rambam. There are many more but them three are most popular Jewish commentators. Rashi being the most popular of them. ems (not to be confused with the nonexistant pre-dating account by the same name) 06:33, 9 May 2006 (UTC)
- I think the above comment underlines the need for a separate article on the Jewish interpretation of the Genesis story. It's not just that Jews have a different translation, the entire approach to understanding the Bible is different. There are thousands of years of writings that have to be considered. The text of Genesis itself, the Talmud, Mediaeval commentators (of whom Rashi and Maimonidies/Rambam, Nachmonidies/Ramban are preeminent names, on the level of Newton, Maxwell and Einstein in Physics), Midrash, Halacha, Kabbalah, Chasidus, Reform, Conservative and more. The end point is not an accurate, once and forever translation, but increased understanding at multiple levels. When such an article is written, we can discuss more meaningfully how much overlap there is between the views different religious traditions.--agr 18:17, 8 May 2006 (UTC)
- However, at the moment, there isn't a clear consensus to give the topic its own article. --InShaneee 18:28, 8 May 2006 (UTC)
- This survey is the consensus debate. The aim of it is to reach a consensus. ems (not to be confused with the nonexistant pre-dating account by the same name) 06:35, 9 May 2006 (UTC)
- We shouldn't get hung up on separate article vs. separate section. The point is the Jewish approach to the story needs to be developed separately. If the section gets to large, it makes its own case for a separate article.--agr 13:50, 9 May 2006 (UTC)
- However that would require rewriting half the article. ems (not to be confused with the nonexistant pre-dating account by the same name) 15:28, 9 May 2006 (UTC)
- We shouldn't get hung up on separate article vs. separate section. The point is the Jewish approach to the story needs to be developed separately. If the section gets to large, it makes its own case for a separate article.--agr 13:50, 9 May 2006 (UTC)
- This survey is the consensus debate. The aim of it is to reach a consensus. ems (not to be confused with the nonexistant pre-dating account by the same name) 06:35, 9 May 2006 (UTC)
- However, at the moment, there isn't a clear consensus to give the topic its own article. --InShaneee 18:28, 8 May 2006 (UTC)
- You keep citing two scholars. Do you have any evidence that their translation is widely accepted, and not just their opinion? --InShaneee 17:49, 8 May 2006 (UTC)
- Yes. Ramban says the lateral translation of "vayehi ever vayehi borck'r" is "and there was caos and there calmness" not "and there was evening and there was morning." Likewise, Rashi states But Scripture did not come to teach the sequence of the Creation, to say that these came first, for if it came to teach this, it should have written:“At first He created the heavens and the earth,” (Hebrew: בָּרִאשׁוֹנָה) for there is no רֵאשִׁית in Scripture that is not connected to the following word... ems (not to be confused with the nonexistant pre-dating account by the same name) 09:21, 8 May 2006 (UTC)
- I can't see why. The jewish perspective should just be put in its own section, without a need to touch the rest of the article for the most part. --InShaneee 16:29, 9 May 2006 (UTC)
- Because it refutes it from the very first line. ems (not to be confused with the nonexistant pre-dating account by the same name) 16:35, 9 May 2006 (UTC)
- Against - let's see first a sub-section on this page with something like 'Jewish views of this verse' explaining all the differences. If it really becomes clear that this is so different, then consider a split. Brusselsshrek 08:45, 13 May 2006 (UTC)
Comments
- Many Jewish translation are the grammatically correct version. Artscroll, The Gutnick Chumash (will check), The Living Torah. The Judaica Press, Samson Raphael Hirsch's German translation, etc. While the most notable one translates grammatically wrong is the public domain JPS edition. ems (not to be confused with the nonexistant pre-dating account by the same name) 10:44, 7 May 2006 (UTC)
- What exactly are you basing your assertion that it is more 'correct' on? --InShaneee 22:58, 7 May 2006 (UTC)
- Jewish commentators. Mainly Rashi and Ramban. ems (not to be confused with the nonexistant pre-dating account by the same name) 09:23, 8 May 2006 (UTC)
- ...Which sounds like a point of view rather than a fact, and therefore something that can be addressed here. --InShaneee 17:48, 8 May 2006 (UTC)
- Actually this is Rabbinical Judaism POV. Its a fact for this is how Judaism thinks. ems (not to be confused with the nonexistant pre-dating account by the same name) 15:31, 9 May 2006 (UTC)
- ...Which sounds like a point of view rather than a fact, and therefore something that can be addressed here. --InShaneee 17:48, 8 May 2006 (UTC)
- Jewish commentators. Mainly Rashi and Ramban. ems (not to be confused with the nonexistant pre-dating account by the same name) 09:23, 8 May 2006 (UTC)
- What exactly are you basing your assertion that it is more 'correct' on? --InShaneee 22:58, 7 May 2006 (UTC)
- Rabbi Adin Steinsaltz wrote a wonderful book explain the Jewish understanding. ems (not to be confused with the nonexistant pre-dating account by the same name) 22:16, 7 May 2006 (UTC)
- Steinsalts's book is apologetics, not an actual reflection of the text and in any event, he is so far outside the mainstream of almost anything, it is hard to take his opinions in thist matter seriously. JoshuaZ 15:48, 9 May 2006 (UTC)
- That is why he is Nasi... ;-) ems (not to be confused with the nonexistant pre-dating account by the same name) 15:52, 9 May 2006 (UTC)
- Here have a read of his book, In the beginning. Judaism it self the mainstream its only 0.2% of world population. His book represents the Chasidic understanding of Genesis. ems (not to be confused with the nonexistant pre-dating account by the same name) 17:09, 9 May 2006 (UTC)
- Steinsalts's book is apologetics, not an actual reflection of the text and in any event, he is so far outside the mainstream of almost anything, it is hard to take his opinions in thist matter seriously. JoshuaZ 15:48, 9 May 2006 (UTC)
Read an excellent and recent book, philosophical and theological, in French : Jean-Marc Rouvière "Breves meditations sur la creation du monde" Ed. L'Harmattan Paris 2006
I would just like to add, being a Christian, that the initial information is all wrong. God created the light on day one,the oceans and sky on day two, The land and plants on day three, the sun and moon and stars on day four, the fish and birds on day five, land animals and people (in His image) on day six, NOT all these other things claimed to be made. (Caves, Magic staffs, (which was God, not "Magic") the rainbow, (Noah was thousands of years after creation, He was the only righteous man left)and other absurd things this article talks about.)On the seventh day He rested. I just wanted to clarify.
- If you need to talk to someone, call toll-free 1-800-633-3446 Please don't hesitate.**
- It's a legitimate complaint. The article is a mish-mash of differing traditions. I tried to edit the stories so they stick more closely to the text and clearly identify the dusk of the sixth day material as part of the Jewish tradition.--agr 15:52, 1 June 2006 (UTC)
Use of phrase "in some way" with "inspired by God"
This is not a "weasel word" usage, but is a direct reference to the very real fact that people who believe the Bible is inspired by God have a variety of views regarding what "inspired by God" means. The relevant Wikipedia article is Biblical inspiration. (Greeneto 00:18, 6 June 2006 (UTC))
- My mistake. I mistook "in some way" as some kind of ambiguity. Of course, I thought to my self, that's ridiculous as people either think that the Bible is inspired by God or it is not. If did not even occur to me that there are different ideas of inspiration. El Cubano 00:33, 6 June 2006 (UTC)
Chapter 2
The section on chapter 2 begins "Chapter 2 continues with what some consider to be a different account of creation." Not everybody views it that way, so I added Others consider it to be an account of the details of Day 6. Wdanwatts reverted the change, saying in his edit summary I don't see how a comment on day 6 covers chapter 2. I propose to reinstate the sentence with the following citations: Any other opinions? PrometheusX303 21:24, 20 June 2006 (UTC)
- I stand corrected. Your references show a clear and reasonable exegesis. (I believe that including the references will make the statement quite unassailable.) Dan Watts 04:53, 21 June 2006 (UTC)
- I should have included them to begin with. PrometheusX303 12:34, 21 June 2006 (UTC)
Lacking criticisms again
Hi. I mentioned some common criticism of Genesis on the Genesis talk page to maybe bring some balance to the article, but nobody really took up the idea. I see this article is also rather one-sided, lacking any other viewpoints but POV creationist ones. Here are some of the criticisms and contradictions most raised about the text itself, as opposed to arguments based on science and evolution theory...
- In Genesis 1, humans are created after the other animals; in Genesis 2, they're created before them.
- Genesis 1:27 says that the first man and woman were created at the same time; yet Genesis 2:18-22 says man was created first, then the animals, then woman, from Adam's rib.
- In Genesis, God creates light on the first day, but doesn't make the sun until the forth day.
- Plants are created on the third day, before there is any sun to provide photo-synthesis.
- Birds are created before reptiles and insects (their food), and flowering plants before any other animals (needed to pollenate them).
Hopefully, somebody can use these as part of a Criticism section to bring some balance to the article (although I'm pessimistic).... -Neural 23:34, 17 July 2006 (UTC)
- Would you like me to answer those for you? Would it do any good? PrometheusX303 13:30, 18 July 2006 (UTC)
- You don't need to answer anything here, unless you especially want to. The issue is not whether you or various theologians have found ways to get around apparent contradictions. The issue is the POV bias of Wikipedia articles like this one. This article, and the other I mentioned, create a false impression that Genesis is virtually beyond question, that nobody thinks it is rubbish. Since both articles skim over the fact that creationism is not taken seriously at all by mainstream science, I thought we could at least talk more about the textual inconsistencies. The only "controversy" ever really mentioned is whether we should take the text as a loose allegory or a literal creation story. - Neural 21:48, 18 July 2006 (UTC)
- I have to admit that Neural has something of a point here. On the Genesis page there's a tiny section where its literal truth is queried. At this point, all that's noted is that historians and archaeologists dispute it. What's omitted is that it's entirely unsupported by scientific evidence from fields as diverse as biology, cosmology and geology. Admittedly, this near-total lack of evidence is mentioned on other pages, but it'd be helpful to be clear on the page that people who're interested in, say, Genesis, are most likely to be reading. I'd add that, aside from the above, the suggestion that Genesis is a historic document is also at odds with most of the world's other religions (who're also unsupported by historians, archaeologists, scientists, etc.). Just my two cents. Cheers, --Plumbago 07:33, 19 July 2006 (UTC)
- Ok. How about something like this: (Open for discussion)
- Bible critics will point out that Genesis (and the Bible in general) contains what they believe are passages that contradict other passages , logic, and scientific findings. (examples?) The Skeptic's Annotated Bible is a website that attempts to compile a comprehensive list of these and other problems with the Bible.
- Biblical inerrantists endeavor to counter these arguments by claiming misunderstanding on the reader's part, mistranslation, or diliberate misdirection on the skeptics part .
- Thanks for responding so fast. Regarding changes, I was only thinking of adding a sentence to clarify that it's not just historians and archaeologists who have a problem with a literal reading of religious works (i.e. that the weight of scientific evidence just can't support it). I'd certainly avoid expressions like "Bible critics" since its really critics of Biblical literalism not simply critics of the Bible in general (the Holy See, for instance, doesn't have much time for literal readings). And I don't think we'd need any specific examples of where scientific findings contradict a literal reading - there's just no natural end to that long list (take your pick from age of the Earth/universe, geological record, ongoing evolution, etc.). Anyway, if I think of a short adjustment, I'll make it. Cheers, --Plumbago 17:23, 20 July 2006 (UTC)
Overview - historical description, literal days?
There is a clear inaccuracy in the statement "Those who treat Genesis as an historical description take the Genesis 1 creation account to be teaching that the creation events took place over six successive days of 24 hours each." Later, under the heading Timescale this is contradicted: (a)nother theory, propounded by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, holds that the word "day" may also be understood to mean "separate period of time," and thus the time-scale for God having organized the earth from existing matter could extend over thousands or even millions of years of "earth time," In addition to the Mormons, Jehovah's Witnesses and some other groups also take the Day-Age view that the Biblical "day" represents a time period of more than 24 literal hours, yes all these groups consider Genesis an historical account insofar as it outlines the activities of God and the order of creation "in the beginning".
I'm inclined to rewrite that initial statement along these lines: "Among those who consider Genesis Chapters 1 & 2 an historical account, some believe creation took place over six literal 24 hour periods (Young Earth creation view), while others contend that each creative "day" represents a period or age of indeterminate length (Day-Age creation view)"
Will wait a few days to see what people think, then edit as above if no pertinent objections are raised - HTUK 13:38, 1 September 2006 (UTC)
- I'd take out "Chapters 1 & 2" from the text you propose.--agr 15:05, 1 September 2006 (UTC)
- Ok, have amended accordingly. Took out "Chapters 1 & 2" from the above as suggested, as I don't think it changes the essential meaning although it was in there originally to refer more specifically to the creation account itself, not other aspects of Genesis. - HTUK 00:28, 8 September 2006 (UTC)
Bible by Chapter
Has anyone ever proposed having an article for Genesis 1, Genesis 2, Genesis 3, and on and on throughout the entire bible? It might seem extreme, but such an important document should be looked at as closely as possible. Someone please direct me to the page on wikipedia where this matter is being discussed. - ShadowyCabal 19:22, 16 October 2006 (UTC)
- You are welcome to start. If others see them as unnessisary they might put them up for deletion. But there is nothing to stop you starting. There is no page to discuss new article proposals - you just start writing. --Michael Johnson 05:12, 18 October 2006 (UTC)
- I support your idea. Let me call to your attention two parallel projects, although neither may be responsive to your interests: There is an article on Genesis 1:1, and see the discussion page there at Talk:Genesis 1:1. But see the discussion of the related discussion of including the text as such at Wikipedia:Centralized discussion/Whole bible chapter text. And there are articles on each of the 54 portions of the first five books in the Bible that are read in Synagogues on a weekly basis. These tend to be three or four chapters each. For example, see Bereishit (parsha), Noach (parsha), and the rest cited at the bottom of each of those pages.--Dauster 08:01, 18 October 2006 (UTC)
Story 1 - Story 2
What is the reason for the two versions here? I think this format is inappropriate.--agr 04:25, 27 November 2006 (UTC)
- I removed the second story as duplicative. --agr 10:41, 28 November 2006 (UTC)
Shakespeare and Genesis
The article says that "...many copies of Shakespeare mention his death." I don't think so. This statement needs to be verified or removed. PiCo 07:05, 16 December 2006 (UTC)
- Shakespeare's been cloned? :) Probably means many of Shakespeare's works. But it's a new one to me either way. Prometheus-X303- 07:42, 17 December 2006 (UTC)
ABOUT PAINTINGS
Most of artist are absurd. How could they depicted God has something like what they had done? God doesn't have hairy things on his body or even cover like we humans do. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Chimerarc (talk • contribs) 21:51, 21 October 2007 (UTC)
Terminology
It seems that this artucle uses "textual criticism" and "textual critic" throughout, when it is actually referring to "source criticism" and "source critic." I'm particularly troubled by the sentence:
"The small minority[citation needed] of academics rejecting the methodology of textual criticism, as well as non-academic Creationists, argue that when a biblical text is measured against the scholar's own concept of unity and found wanting, this probably says more about the biblical scholar's sense of unity than about the text's prehistory. (Carr 24)."
which seems to imply that conservatives who reject the two-source theory are rejecting textual criticism (when in fact many of them are very active textual critics). I propose that in this section (and elsewhere in the article) the term textual criticism be replaced with source criticism, the term "textual critic" be replaced by "source critic" and this particular sentence be altered to read "Some question the methodology of source criticism in passages like this and argue that[...]" This would both help in avoiding arguments over loaded terms like "small minority" and "academic", and improve the accuracy of the statement. I know many conservative biblicists who would agree with the above argument with respect to source criticism in the Pentatech, but fully accept the methods of source criticism elsewhere (e.g. in identifying Q-quotations in the Gospels), and use the same text-critical methodology as any more liberal scholar would.
Judaism POV
May I point out that Judaism believes that G-d wrote the Torah, not Moses. --86.138.210.93 18:41, 24 June 2007 (UTC)
Judaism is notable as a faith tradition where many adherents see no conflict between evolutionary theory and their religious beliefs. [1] [2] [3] Classical 11th century Jewish commentator Rashi has said that the grammartically correct reading, in Hebrew, of Genesis 1:1 is, "In the beginning of God's creating the heavens and the Earth." Likewise, he refutes the reading of the verse as "In the beginning [of everything] God created the heavens and the Earth", as it is illogical, due to the fact that, in the next verse, water is mentioned before having been created. Indeed, water is never said to be created in the Genesis account of creation. [4]
ems (not to be confused with the nonexistant pre-dating account by the same name) 09:48, 7 May 2006 (UTC)
Article needs historical perspective
The interpretation of Genesis as a literal text has a long history which this article largely ignores. Beginning with Augustine's De genesi ad literam and Basil's Hexaemeron through such medieval scholastics as Peter Lombard, Robert Grosseteste and Thomas Aquinas, there is a complex tradition of biblical exegesis in which theologians sought to interpret Creation within the context of then known scientific theories. I have no doubt there are similar Jewish and Muslim traditions, but I don't know that literature.
I'd like to hear thoughts of how a historical perspective would fit in the present article. --SteveMcCluskey 02:42, 18 January 2007 (UTC)
Authorship
I tried to tidy this long section up, but probably butchered it instead. Nevertheless, I do see some real weaknesses in it. It's too long! And it's rambling and it fails to deal adequately with the Mosaic traditional view (which is why there was so little left of that view by the time I'd finished). It isn't very good oin the DH, either - Welhasen is dead, the theory to look at is the modern version, not the old...plus what about non-DH views? (not every scholar who rejects the Mosaic tradition is automatically a follower of the DH) PiCo 11:17, 8 May 2007 (UTC)
Dual cosmogonies
I've modified The dual account theory to include a very brief description of an interpretation as dual cosmogonies given in much more detail in the source cited. This seemed the best place for it, though it might be made a separate sub-section. ... dave souza, talk 11:07, 2 June 2007 (UTC)
Argumentation
Please note that this is a lengthy article which (IMO) is focussed on the text of Genesis 1-3, and issues such as authorship, rather than the interpretation. The "interpretation" section at the end is just a brief summary of the various interpretative options. Extensive arguments and counter-arguments do not belong here -- they should be added to the main articles for each position. Tonicthebrown 02:28, 30 July 2007 (UTC)
Divide Article to Creation Week and Garden of Eden
As noted above, this article is quite long. I suggest splitting a majority of the information into two different articles relating to what many theologians consider the priestly account which uses the term, "Elohim," for God and the Jahwist account which uses the term, "Yahweh," for God. I believe there is a good deal of information on both to constitute separate articles such as the creation week story disenchanting nature from polytheistic dieties or the Jahwist apparent concerns against idolatry and pride denoted in the stories of the Garden of Eden, Flood, and Tower of Babel. Pbarnes 04:58, 30 July 2007 (UTC)
- Thanks for the suggestion. However, I personally do not feel that such a split would be realistic or helpful. There is too much common ground -- for example, the discussion about single vs. dual authorship and dual perspective. Much of the existing article looks at Genesis 1-3 as a whole. Having said that, the article is very long and perhaps someone needs to go through it to see if anything can be made more concise. Tonicthebrown 07:19, 2 August 2007 (UTC)
Earth/Universe
This is somehing I've never been able to get, maybe someone here can answer me: Is Genesis supposed to be about the creation of the entire universe, or just the planet Earth? Thanks! 12.218.145.112 04:54, 4 August 2007 (UTC)
Doubtful
I am slightly doubtful about the recent changes. For example:
- Tohu Va-Vohu" (Hebrew: תהו ובהו), "formless" and "void".-What is this sentence now supposed to mean?
- ruach-This is introduced in a strange way
- Assorted scholars etc-introduced but no reference to them, just names dropped in the text.
Comments?--Filll 13:39, 22 August 2007 (UTC)
- Response:
- Tohu Va-Vohu" (Hebrew: תהו ובהו), "formless" and "void".-What is this sentence now supposed to mean?
- Can't help you there - but the point seems to be that T&B hasa been commented on a lot by Jewish mystics. That's worth mentioing, but maybe only briefly in this article, with a fuller treatment in a separate T&B article (maybe one already exists?)
- ruach-This is introduced in a strange way
- Guilty - I did it. But what's strange about the way it's introduced?
- Assorted scholars etc-introduced but no reference to them, just names dropped in the text.
- I guess someone was referencing his sources but did it the wrong way. It could be cleaned up.
- More broadly, the wholea rticle seems rather rambling to me - many bits, even whole sections, are repeated, but in different words. And as someone above points out, it concentrates on authorship, at the expense of theology - the author of Genesis was writing theology, after all. I'd like to see three broad sections, with subsections as neede, namely TEXT (this already exists - I'd use it for discussing "lower criticism", the meanings of words and phrases in Hebrew, such as the fact that the Hebrew doesn't actually say "In the beginning God created..."); ORIGINS (who wrote it, when, where - room here for the Mosaic authorship tradition too); THEOLOGY (what it meant to the people who first wrote/read it, how the theology has developed since then - here's where the tohu-bohu/Kabala can go, plus the Christian development of ruach into Holy Spirit). PiCo 08:12, 23 August 2007 (UTC)
Primes
I'm a bit concerned about the section regarding the number seven. "Seven was regarded as a significant number in the ancient Near East, representing a quarter of the 28-day lunar cycle, and appearing as the third prime number, the preceding primes being three and five." Two is also a prime number, and seven is the fourth prime number. Whether the belief was wrong, or just this article, I'm unsure. Thoughts? -Unnatural20 19:26, 23 August 2007 (UTC)
- This article is doubtful in many ways, and not just these. I think there are many other musings about the significance of the number 7. There are many things about this article that I am unhappy with.--Filll 19:29, 23 August 2007 (UTC)
- All sounds a bit BibleCode-like to me. 7 is the fourth prime number also, so have removed this section. Slov01 21:54, 14 September 2007 (UTC)
- No, with all due respect this is not Bible Code. The way the number 7 is used in the text is intentional by the author, and this is observed by numerous commentators. A reputable commentary (by Gordon Wenham has been cited. I agree with you, however, the the prime number stuff is dubious and so I have left it removed. Tonicthebrown 11:51, 15 September 2007 (UTC)
- The lunar cycle is 29.53 - certainly nothing to do with the number 7 there. As the prime number part has been removed and the reference has been repaired only a minor edit has been applied.Slov01 13:37, 15 September 2007 (UTC)
- I think whoever added that comment (7 is a quarter of the lunar cycle) was referring to the theory that the 7-day week derives from ancient Mesopotamian astronomy, which estimated the lunar cycle as 28 days and divided this into four. However, I agree that the relevance of this to Genesis 1 is questionable. Tonicthebrown 14:45, 15 September 2007 (UTC)
Inconsistent order of events
I'm not sure how to integrate the following info into the article, but... It is often stated by young earth creationists that the "inconsistencies" can be rectified by the fact that in chapter 2 uses the past tense "had" (e.g. vs 8 and vs 19), making reference to the fact that the animals that Adam named had already been created beforehand. Chapter 2 probably details the events of day 6 in chapter 1:
- all of creation - except for humans - had already been made
- God made a man
- God put the man in the garden of Eden and gave him the task of naming all the animals in the garden.
- after the animals of the garden were all named, it was found that none of them were suitable partners for Adam.
- so God put Adam to sleep and formed a woman out of his rib.
- Adam named the woman Eve
{end the recount of day 6}
for more info see http://www.christiananswers.net/q-aig/aig-c023.html, although a different source should be cited for the article because Christiananswers.net would be considered biased or POV... hence I won't jump in and edit the article myself... --Hypershock 15:38, 1 September 2007 (UTC)
The first sentence of Genesis 2:4 states: "This is the account of the heavens and the Earth when they were created." (NIV) I personally read it as the book simply stating what Genesis is about. Other parts of the Bible will say something like "this is the Word of God" in the middle of their writings. This appears to me to be the same thing. Hardly ground for calling it contradictory, it's simply a matter of reading comprehension. 70.118.119.96 23:02, 30 October 2007 (UTC)
The Answer
The Hypostasis of the Archons(the Rulers of Reality) from the Nag Hammadi library indicates that God Almighty(YHWH) did not create man, rather, lesser "gods"(plural, as in Elohim) did so. God Almighty later re-creates man, hence the two accounts. The blatant obviousness of this description shall no doubt be ignored for yet another aeon. Gnower 06:45, 3 September 2007 (UTC)
The text - getting an accurate translation
We've just added a two-part section giving the text of Gen 1-2 verbatim. That's great, but it's not quite an accurate translation. There are some parts of the Hebrew which are contentious, such as whether the opening statement should read "In the beginning God created..." or "In the beginning when God began his creating..." (contentious because it's the difference between a statement of creation ex nihilo or creation from pre-existing chaos), but there are other parts that aren't. And since they aren't contentious, why does the NIV get them wrong? What caught my attention was the way it changes from "the man" to "Adam" towards the end of Gen.2. The difference depends on the presence or absence of the definite article - ha-adam is "the man" and simple "adam" is Adam. And the Hebrew at this point has ha-adam, not adam. And a bit further up in the same Gen.@ the NIV has "streams" watering the land prior to the creation of the first man. This is slightly contentious - it can be translated "stream" or "mist" - but one thing it ca not be translated as is plural - it's either one stream or one mist, but there's no plural marker. Anyone got a better translation? PiCo (talk) 11:35, 20 November 2007 (UTC)
- I agree a better version needs to be found. The NIV is notorious for containing interpretations and glosses based on the POV of the translators. I would suggest going back to a version that is no longer under copyright -- for example, the ASV or RV. Or perhaps an older Jewish translation which won't be full of Christian traditions Tonicthebrown (talk) 01:54, 22 November 2007 (UTC)
- After some thought, I've come to the conclusion that having the full text in this article is bulky and unnecessary. The full text of the accounts are widely available online. I believe it will be better simply to provide links to the full text, together with a summary in the article. Please let me know if there are any objections. Tonicthebrown (talk) 01:00, 30 November 2007 (UTC)
The third translation of "In the beginning" looks like it has been added by a third party to advertise their site - it has no relevance to the actual ambiguity of translations and is not a translation itself. I think it should be deleted. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 141.155.99.163 (talk) 03:01, 7 January 2009 (UTC)
NIV text
- 1:1 In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth. 2 Now the earth was formless and empty, darkness was over the surface of the deep, and the Spirit of God was hovering over the waters. 3 And God said, Let there be light, and there was light. 4 God saw that the light was good, and he separated the light from the darkness. 5 God called the light day, and the darkness he called night. And there was evening, and there was morning—the first day. 6 And God said, Let there be an expanse between the waters to separate water from water. 7 So God made the expanse and separated the water under the expanse from the water above it. And it was so. 8 God called the expanse sky. And there was evening, and there was morning—the second day. 9 And God said, Let the water under the sky be gathered to one place, and let dry ground appear. And it was so. 10 God called the dry ground land, and the gathered waters he called seas. And God saw that it was good. 11 Then God said, Let the land produce vegetation: seed-bearing plants and trees on the land that bear fruit with seed in it, according to their various kinds. And it was so. 12 The land produced vegetation: plants bearing seed according to their kinds and trees bearing fruit with seed in it according to their kinds. And God saw that it was good. 13 And there was evening, and there was morning—the third day. 14 And God said, Let there be lights in the expanse of the sky to separate the day from the night, and let them serve as signs to mark seasons and days and years, 15 and let them be lights in the expanse of the sky to give light on the earth. And it was so. 16 God made two great lights—the greater light to govern the day and the lesser light to govern the night. He also made the stars. 17 God set them in the expanse of the sky to give light on the earth, 18 to govern the day and the night, and to separate light from darkness. And God saw that it was good. 19 And there was evening, and there was morning—the fourth day. 20 And God said, Let the water teem with living creatures, and let birds fly above the earth across the expanse of the sky. 21 So God created the great creatures of the sea and every living and moving thing with which the water teems, according to their kinds, and every winged bird according to its kind. And God saw that it was good. 22 God blessed them and said, Be fruitful and increase in number and fill the water in the seas, and let the birds increase on the earth 23 And there was evening, and there was morning—the fifth day. 24 And God said, Let the land produce living creatures according to their kinds: livestock, creatures that move along the ground, and wild animals, each according to its kind. And it was so. 25 God made the wild animals according to their kinds, the livestock according to their kinds, and all the creatures that move along the ground according to their kinds. And God saw that it was good. 26 Then God said, Let us make man in our image, in our likeness, and let them rule over the fish of the sea and the birds of the air, over the livestock, over all the earth, and over all the creatures that move along the ground. 27 So God created man in his own image, in the image of God he created him; male and female he created them. 28 God blessed them and said to them, Be fruitful and increase in number; fill the earth and subdue it. Rule over the fish of the sea and the birds of the air and over every living creature that moves on the ground. 29 Then God said, I give you every seed-bearing plant on the face of the whole earth and every tree that has fruit with seed in it. They will be yours for food. 30 And to all the beasts of the earth and all the birds of the air and all the creatures that move on the ground—everything that has the breath of life in it—I give every green plant for food. And it was so. 31 God saw all that he had made, and it was very good. And there was evening, and there was morning—the sixth day. 2:1 Thus the heavens and the earth were completed in all their vast array. 2 By the seventh day God had finished the work he had been doing; so on the seventh day he rested from all his work. 3 And God blessed the seventh day and made it holy, because on it he rested from all the work of creating that he had done.[5]
- 2:4b When the LORD God made the earth and the heavens 5 and no shrub of the field had yet appeared on the earth and no plant of the field had yet sprung up, for the LORD God had not sent rain on the earth and there was no man to work the ground, 6 but streams came up from the earth and watered the whole surface of the ground 7 the LORD God formed the man from the dust of the ground and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life, and the man became a living being. 8 Now the LORD God had planted a garden in the east, in Eden; and there he put the man he had formed. 9 And the LORD God made all kinds of trees grow out of the ground— trees that were pleasing to the eye and good for food. In the middle of the garden were the tree of life and the tree of the knowledge of good and evil. 10 A river watering the garden flowed from Eden; from there it was separated into four headwaters. 11 The name of the first is the Pishon; it winds through the entire land of Havilah, where there is gold. 12 (The gold of that land is good; aromatic resin and onyx are also there.) 13 The name of the second river is the Gihon; it winds through the entire land of Cush. 14 The name of the third river is the Tigris; it runs along the east side of Asshur. And the fourth river is the Euphrates. 15 The LORD God took the man and put him in the Garden of Eden to work it and take care of it. 16 And the LORD God commanded the man, You are free to eat from any tree in the garden; 17 but you must not eat from the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, for when you eat of it you will surely die. 18 The LORD God said, It is not good for the man to be alone. I will make a helper suitable for him. 19 Now the LORD God had formed out of the ground all the beasts of the field and all the birds of the air. He brought them to the man to see what he would name them; and whatever the man called each living creature, that was its name. 20 So the man gave names to all the livestock, the birds of the air and all the beasts of the field. But for Adam no suitable helper was found. 21 So the LORD God caused the man to fall into a deep sleep; and while he was sleeping, he took one of the man's ribs and closed up the place with flesh. 22 Then the LORD God made a woman from the rib he had taken out of the man, and he brought her to the man. 23 The man said, This is now bone of my bones and flesh of my flesh; she shall be called 'woman', for she was taken out of man. 24 For this reason a man will leave his father and mother and be united to his wife, and they will become one flesh. 25 The man and his wife were both naked, and they felt no shame.[6]
The text is incorrect, as the translators had a fundamental misunderstanding of the Hebrew language. In Hebrew, there is a letter vav (the sixth letter) which serves as both a letter in its own right, as well as a common prefix that means and. The vav in the latter sense is referred to as a vav hachibur (literally "the vav of connection"), such as when it connects two things in the meaning of and (note that the ha- in hachibur is itself a prefix of the fifth letter hay, which means the). Another use of the letter vav is the vav hahipuch (literally "the vav of switching"). When used in this fashion, the vav switches a verb that is in the future tense into the past tense. The first word of the third verse, Vayomer is one such use of the vav hahipuch: the root and past tense form of the word speak is amar, and with the letter yud placed before it, it becomes the futures tense (he) will say. The vav placed before it changes it into and (he) said. The same holds true for the first word in the fourth and fifth verses, as well as the countless other instances in which biblical verses are quoted in mistranslation as beginning with "And God said..." and "And Moses went...". If a simple grammatical rule cannot be maintained in the translation by the translator of this and many other bibles, how can the rest of the grammar, and perhaps even vocabulary, be relied upon? DRosenbach (Talk | Contribs) 21:48, 17 December 2007 (UTC)
Objection to extensive deletion!
I am dismayed by the decision of PiCo to remove large portions of this article which represented a lot of hard work on the part of many other editors, and which (in my opinion) were highly relevant to this very important article and of encyclopedic quality. I think that this should at least have been discussed first, and a consensus of editors reached. Tonicthebrown (talk) 11:30, 7 December 2007 (UTC)
Recent major deletions
First, my apologies for making major deletions without explanation. I can only ask for forgiveness.
The reason, which I should have put here earlier, was that I think the article devoted far too much attention to one area, that of the composition of Genesis 1-2. One account or two, the DH or not, etc etc. Yes, this had to be mentioned, but it doesn't need to be treated at such length or so repetitively. There are other aspects to be considered, and at the moment they're being ignored. What about the theology of Genesis? - this book was written to express beliefs about the relationship of God and man, but at the moment this is ignored. What about the cultural context of Genesis? What about later interpretations and the history of faith?
I want to re-write the article with this framework:
- The text - a summary is probably best - because we need to tell the reader what it is that's being discussed/analysed/discussed.
- The ANE context - what Israel's neighbor's believed about the origins of the world and man, and the relationship of man and god(s).
- The theology of Genesis 1-2 - what distinguishes Israel's Creation from those of her neighbors. (this is where the question of composition belongs - it needs just a line or two, not slabs of prose).
- Later interpretations - how Genesis's Creation has been interpreted, from Philo to Rashi to the present. PiCo (talk) 12:37, 7 December 2007 (UTC)
- I certainly agree with PiCo that there was too much emphasis on composition. This topic is already discussed adequately in the Genesis and Documentary hypothesis articles. It only needs a small mention here. I agree with the suggested 4 sections, however I also strongly believe there should be an exegetical section which deals with key aspects of the text which influence its interpretation. For example, concepts such as "firmament" and "deep" are important in delineating the cosmogony of the ancient world Tonicthebrown (talk) 05:49, 9 December 2007 (UTC)
- While waiting for other interested editors to comment, I've started adding potentially useful links to the end of the article - they can be pruned later if they prove not to be so useful after all.PiCo (talk) 12:49, 9 December 2007 (UTC)
- By the way I really would like to spend some time improving this article, as has been suggested above, however due to general busy-ness of life at the moment I am unable to do so. Tonicthebrown (talk) 03:36, 13 December 2007 (UTC)
Tehom and Sheol
The article says this about tehom:
"The "deep" (Heb. tehôm), a formless body of water, is a mythological term referring to the chaotic primordial waters that, through the creation event, became locked within the underworld (see also: sheol)."
I've never heard of a belief that tehom was locked up in Sheol, and the article on Sheol doesn't mention it. Does anyone know anything about this? PiCo (talk) 06:53, 10 December 2007 (UTC)
- This is an area that has interested me for a while. It all relates to the 3-tiered cosmos of the ANE. I've read that sheol, abaddon (destruction) and bor (the pit) are synonyms for the underworld. There is a definite association between tehom (the subterranean waters), the underworld, and the great monsters of the deep ("rahab" [Job 26:12], "leviathan" [Isaiah 27:1], cf. Genesis 1:21) but I'm not exactly sure how they are all related. Tonicthebrown (talk) 12:24, 11 December 2007 (UTC)
Revisions by 68.217.168.146
I have reverted the revisions made by user 68.217.168.146. The user's rationale for his/her revisions were unsatisfactory. He/she claims that the "ref cited had no authority". This reference, Gordon Wenham, is a highly respected Old Testament and Pentateuch scholar, so I feel he has a little more "authority" than your Original Research. The Word Biblical Commentary series (who Wenham wrote for) is a high quality academic commentary series containing some of the best Christian scholarship.
The assertion that the firmament "denotes the atmosphere or sky, possibly extending its reference to outer space" relies on an anachronistic reading of the text. Nearly all ancient civilizations believed that the heavens were a solid dome or ceiling, the concept "outer space" was absent. Tonicthebrown (talk) 10:20, 22 December 2007 (UTC)
ANE context
I've expanded this section, but it's off the top of my head, no refs (although I can provide them, and will). Please treat this as a tentative outline of how this section should look and edit frely. Merry Christmas - I'll be away for a week or two, till after New Year. PiCo (talk) 11:13, 22 December 2007 (UTC)
- Good work buddy, I look forward to further improvement of this section. Tonicthebrown (talk) 11:20, 22 December 2007 (UTC)
- Your "expansion" is entirely uncited. I am therefore reverting per WP:V. HrafnTalkStalk 11:21, 22 December 2007 (UTC)
Here's the text of Pico's work
The ancient world conceived of the universe (a word the ancients would not, of course, have recognised) as a flat disk (occasionally a flat square or oblong) surrounded by water. The habitable world was seen as a single continent surrounded by a circular world-ocean of salt water, which extended above the disk of the world. A second ocean, of fresh water, lay beneath the world-continent, and was the source of springs, rivers, and other groundwaters. The sky was a solid metal dome (tin in Mesopotamia, iron for the Egyptians) separating the habitable earth from the waters of the universal ocean, and enclosing the atmosphere. The sun, moon, stars and other astronomical bodies were set into the sky-dome (the stars) or traveled across its surface (sun, moon and planets).
The Mesopotamians believed that the original state of matter was the "waters of chaos" - the two oceans of fresh and salt water, Apsu (male) and Tiamat (female). According to the Enuma Elish, the primordial couple created six generations of "gods" by naming them. In the final generation, the god Ea killed Apsu, and his son Marduk killed Tiamat - the battle of Marduk and Tiamat forms the centrepiece of the myth, describing how Marduk kills the "dragon" Tiamat with a divine net, wind and arrow, and then forms the sky-dome from one half of her body and the habitable earth from the other, with the Tigris and Euphrates bubbling up from apsu's underground waters through her eyes.
When the gods grew tired of tending the earth they formed man (in seven pairs, male and female) from a mixture of mud, the blood of a slain god, and their own spittle. The purpose of man was to give rest to the gods, but eventually mankind grew too numerous, and the chief of the gods sent a great flood to destroy them. One man, however, acting on the advice of a god who was a friend to mankind (it was he who originally formed man from mud), built a boat and survived the flood, and was granted immortality as a reward.
Less is known about Cananite beliefs, but it appears that many of the same themes were at work: creation through a battle between gods, a view of the coean as representing original chaos, and a collective council of the gods (the "elohim", the plural of the word "el", which meant both god in general and El, the father of all the gods). —Preceding unsigned comment added by Tonicthebrown (talk • contribs) 11:29, 22 December 2007 (UTC)
edit warring
There are several changes at stake here, and at least two of them are clearly improvements to the article. The other two may be less so, but I would still argue for their inclusion:
- change from "more fundamentalist wing of the Evangelical tradition in Christianity" to "more conservative wing of the Evangelical tradition in Christianity". 'Fundamentalist' can be a loaded term, and it is a bit too restrictive in terms of who actually holds this view. Many evangelical conservatives would definitely ascribe to Moses authorship and yet would not identify with other aspects of what is now considered 'fundamentalism'.
- change from "discovered evidence that the entire Pentateuch was composed" to "discovered evidence causing them to hypothesize that the entire Pentateuch was composed" I think this wording helps clarify that the evidence spawned the hypothesis, rather than proved it.
- change from "reflecting these discoveries," to "reflecting these theories," again, this working puts the emphasis on the theories themselves, rather than the evidence itself, which I would venture to say that most modern scholars have never actually laid eyes on.
- change from "but is more accurate than the Wellhausen or Graf-Wellhausen hypothesis" to "but is more accurately the Wellhausen or Graf-Wellhausen hypothesis" Here, the former is just plain wrong. The subject of the sentence is the hypothesis. It can't be "more accurate" than itself. Rather, the sentence should give the idea that although it is labeled by some as the document hypothesis, it actually should be more accurately labeled by name as one of the hypotheses. Make sense?
Please do not revert these again. If you disagree with the changes, please bring them to the discussion page. Thanks. HokieRNB (talk) 03:40, 15 February 2008 (UTC)
- Try articulating your reasons first, and these problems are less likely to arise. Controversial-seeming edits made with little (if anything) in the way of explanation or justification are likely to be reverted. HrafnTalkStalk 04:15, 15 February 2008 (UTC)
- Try reading what you are reverting first. Your careless reverts (1) removed a legitimately disambiguated link, (2) re-broke a correctly fixed wikilink, (3) reintroduced a grammatical error which rendered a sentence meaningless, and (4) proliferated the POV that previous editors had tried to excise. HokieRNB (talk) 04:36, 15 February 2008 (UTC)
- Please read Help:Edit summary: "note that if the reason for an edit is not clear, it is more likely to be reverted". And please stop blaming me for your (and your compatriots') previous inability to articulate an explanation for these changes. HrafnTalkStalk 04:47, 15 February 2008 (UTC)
- Please also note that edits which are "more likely to be reverted" do not grant one immunity from WP:3RR. HokieRNB (talk) 04:56, 15 February 2008 (UTC)
- Given that I didn't even come close to violating WP:3RR, your "note" is utterly spurious. On the more loosely defined charge of "edit warring" it is entirely likely that a lack of clear reasons in the edit summaries would be taken into account in judging if I had committed the offense. HrafnTalkStalk 05:07, 15 February 2008 (UTC)
Personally I agree with Hokie's revision. It reduces the POV in that section, especially replacing the word "fundamentalist". "Fundamentalist" has too much derogatory connotation, and "conservative" is better. Tonicthebrown (talk) 07:41, 15 February 2008 (UTC)
- I'm not objecting to the changes, now that they have been explained to me, but rather to HokieRNB's self-righteous tone. HrafnTalkStalk 07:51, 15 February 2008 (UTC)
- Neither version looks perfect to me – thanks go to Hrafn for keeping a lid on unsubstantiated changes, and to HokieRNB for providing an explanation for further discussion. Both appear to be acting in good faith, and accusations of misbehaviour are not helpful – now let's focus on the content. ... dave souza, talk 08:20, 15 February 2008 (UTC)
- Do we have a source for fundamentalist, "Evangelical tradition, and conservative? All of these terms have specific meanings which have shifted over time. The doc-hyp.pdf source says "Some Jews and Christians reject the theory entirely, and follow the traditional view that the whole Torah is the work of Moses. Others, such as the translators of the New International Version take a middle ground, believing that Moses was the author of much of the text, and editor and compiler of the majority of the rest. Most critical bible scholars, however, accept the principle of multiple authorship, ... "
- Both "discovered evidence that the entire Pentateuch was composed" and "discovered evidence causing them to hypothesize that appear to be coded references to the higher criticism of the 18th/19th century, which is used in doc-hyp.pdf as an earlier term for "Source Criticism", the subject of this section. Why don't we use these terms?
- Both "reflecting these discoveries," to "reflecting these theories seem to miss the point, suggest "scholarship", " or "analysis" as better words.
- The new phrasing is supported by dev-doc-hyp.pdf, "Usually the Documentary Hypothesis is credited to Wellhausen"
The first three points suggest changes are appropriate. Comments? .. . dave souza, talk 09:53, 15 February 2008 (UTC)
- Note, we do have an article on source criticism but it's a bit limited. ... dave souza, talk 10:14, 15 February 2008 (UTC)
Mosaic authorship
I've added one citation of a source which supports the idea that Mosaic authorship is subscribed to by Evangelicals. There are plenty of other Evangelicals who would reject the Documentary Hypothesis and accept Moses as either author or at least compiler/editor:
- James Boice, in Genesis, An Expositional Commentary (ISBN 0801011612)
- R. Kent Hughes, in Genesis: Beginning And Blessing (ISBN 1581346298)
- Henry M. Morris in The Genesis Record (ISBN 0801060044)
- John D. Currid, in A Study Commentary on Genesis (ISBN 0852345372)
- John J. Davis, in Paradise to Prison (ISBN 1879215357)
- Derek Kidner, in Genesis (ISBN 0877842515)
- Kenneth A. Mathews in The New American Commentary: Genesis 1-11:26 (ISBN 0805401016)
- Allen P. Ross in Creation and Blessing (ISBN 0801021073)
(sorry, forgot to sign earlier...) HokieRNB (talk) 15:31, 15 February 2008 (UTC)
- The three who have wikipedia articles are a theologian/pastor, a pastor & a hydraulic engineer respectively. None of them appear to have any significant background in Biblical criticism, Biblical archaeology, or related fields. Are any of the others experts in relevant fields? I think it would be important to distinguish between the opinions of evangelical scholars in these fields, versus evangelicals lacking such expertise. HrafnTalkStalk 15:39, 15 February 2008 (UTC)
- The question is not whether or not individuals have specific expertise in the field of criticism or archeology, but whether it can be rightly said that "... Mosaic authorship ... is still held as dogma by many Jews and evangelical Christians." HokieRNB (talk) 16:38, 15 February 2008 (UTC)
- So you don't think that the views of evangelicals who actually know what they're talking about are relevant? That doesn't really seem to be in keeping with WP:DUE. HrafnTalkStalk 17:06, 15 February 2008 (UTC)
- It seems that you are suggesting that this view is a "tiny-minority", and should not be included at all. While none would argue that Mosaic authorship is accepted by the majority, it represents a significant view, particularly among Evangelicals, and is worthy of mention. I also think it is entirely unnecessary to make the derisive distinction "who actually know what they're talking about", as if to say that proponents of this view don't. HokieRNB (talk) 17:40, 15 February 2008 (UTC)
- What seems to be cited here is an evangelical, essentially a primary source, claiming that the position is held by "many preachers in evangelical churches, not to mention the lay people" so we'd better not mention them ;) There's no source for "many Jews", and another evangelical group or a third party expert might have a different interpretation of how prevalent the view is amongst evangelicals. Thus "many" isn't well enough supported. .. dave souza, talk 17:52, 15 February 2008 (UTC)
- No. To claim that I am "suggesting that this view is a 'tiny-minority', and should not be included at all" is a blatant misrepresentation of what I said. I stated "I think it would be important to distinguish between the opinions of evangelical scholars in these fields, versus evangelicals lacking such expertise." That means giving the opinion of both groups and clearly delineating between them where they may differ. While the opinion of evangelical laymen is of interest, the opinions of evangelical experts is far more relevant. HrafnTalkStalk 18:01, 15 February 2008 (UTC)
- Just to be clear, I fully agree with Hrafn that expert opinion is needed. The list of sources above does seem to indicate that a number of authors hold the dogmatic position, but it's original research to extrapolate from that to any indication of just how common their position is. It also raises the question as to whether the position is unique to evangelicals, or whether some other Christian groups should also be included. Perhaps "certain groups of Jews and Christians" would be more accurate. .. dave souza, talk 18:38, 15 February 2008 (UTC)
- I think you are missing the point. We are not concerned about expert opinion about whether Moses was the author or not. We are concerned about expert opinion about whether Mosaic authorship is a common view. Daniel Block offered that expert opinion in the source provided. Any one of the above authors will confirm that the view itself is commonly held. The phrase "held as dogma by some Jews and many evangelical Christians" is perfectly justified. HokieRNB (talk) 19:43, 15 February 2008 (UTC)
- No. To claim that I am "suggesting that this view is a 'tiny-minority', and should not be included at all" is a blatant misrepresentation of what I said. I stated "I think it would be important to distinguish between the opinions of evangelical scholars in these fields, versus evangelicals lacking such expertise." That means giving the opinion of both groups and clearly delineating between them where they may differ. While the opinion of evangelical laymen is of interest, the opinions of evangelical experts is far more relevant. HrafnTalkStalk 18:01, 15 February 2008 (UTC)
Primeval history subsection, Structure and Composition section
I've added a subsection on the "primeval history"(the name given by biblical scholars to Genesis 1-11). I think the final sentence of the subsection explains why I've added it - we can't talk about the theology of Creation in Genesis without doing so in relation to the entire run of chapters in the "history", which serves as an introduction to the Book of Genesis and the Torah.
I've also renamed the "Authorship" section as "Structure and composition" and made a complete re-write. The previous section I'm pasting in below for reference. I found the concept of authorship rather limited - the structure of Genesis 1&2 is also worth discussing (especially Genesis 1, which is an amazingly intricate piece of work), and Composition covers more than simple authorship (it covers not just who wrote these chapters, but when and why).
Some of the changes:
- Mosaic authorship: I've deleted all reference to Mosaic authorship, not because I think it's not worth mentioning, but because it's not a theory with any notable following among biblical scholars. Due weight excludes it from this section. But it should still be discussed, and the proper place to do that will be later, in the section that talks about Creationist beliefs. I'll get that done in due course.
- Documentary hypothesis: Contrary to what many people seem to think, the DH is not the cutting-edge theory on the origin of the bible. It was up to 1975 or so, but not these days. I've shortened the material on the DH, and written a few paras about the two post-DH theories, which are known technically as supplementary and fragmentary hypotheses. The two scholars I mention are the leading advocates of these two approaches, but there are many more.
- Single/dual account, order of events, & writing style: The existing section got itself very bogged down in details on these questions. So I've treated them much more succinctly, in the context of the composition of the Torah. These are fascinating issues, but the reader who wants to know more would be best served by following the references to the online sources.
According to Jewish tradition the first 5 books of the Bible, including Genesis, were written by Moses. This Mosaic authorship tradition was adopted by the earliest Christians and is still held as dogma by some Jews and many evangelical Christians[7].
By the late 18th century higher criticism led biblical scholars to hypothesize that the entire Pentateuch was composed in the 5th century BC by an author using four source documents. Modern Biblical scholars, reflecting this source criticism, frequently speak of Genesis 1 as the Priestly (or "P") creation story and Genesis 2 as the Yahwist ("J" or "Y", the J reflecting the German spelling of the name Yahweh). The remaining two sources, not represented in the Genesis creation account, are called the Elohist ("E") and Deuteronomist ("D"), and the 5th-century creator of the final work is known as the Redactor ("R"), meaning editor. The most influential version of the documentary hypothesis was put forward by Julius Wellhausen in a series of books in the last decades of the 19th century. Wellhausen's dates for the creation stories in Genesis were: Genesis 1 (the Priestly story), c.950 BC; and Genesis 2 (the Yahwist), c. 550 BC.[8]
Single vs. dual account Some scholars believe that the Genesis account is a single report of creation, which is divided into two parts, written from different perspectives: the first part, from Genesis 1:1–2:3, describes the creation of the Earth from God's perspective; the second part, from Genesis 2:4–24, describes the creation of the Garden of Eden from Humanity's perspective. One such scholar wrote, "[T]he strictly complementary nature of the accounts is plain enough: Genesis 1 mentions the creation of man as the last of a series, and without any details, whereas in Genesis 2 man is the center of interest and more specific details are given about him and his setting" (Kitchen 116-117).
Other scholars, particularly those ascribing to textual criticism and the Documentary hypothesis, believe that the first two chapters of Genesis are two separate accounts of the creation. (They agree that the "first chapter" should include the first three verses and the first half of the fourth verse of chapter 2.) One such scholar wrote: "The book of Genesis, like the other books of the Hexateuch, was not the production of one author. A definite plan may be traced in the book, but the structure of the work forbids us to consider it as the production of one writer." (Spurell xv). For some religious writers, such as Rabbi Joseph Soloveitchik, the existence of two separate creation stories is beyond doubt, and thus needs to be interpreted as having divine importance.[citation needed]
Order of events The earlier version appears in (Genesis 1:1—2:3} and key items follow this order of creation: # plants; # marine animals, birds; # land animals; # humans (man and woman together) (Genesis 1:20—27).
The second account begins with (Genesis 2:4} wherein key items of creation appear in this order: # man (not woman); # plants; # land animals and birds (marine animals are omitted but omission is not a contradiction and the order of birds and beasts is not stated as being on separate days unlike chapter 1); # and, when no "help meet for [fit for, corresponding to] him" is found, woman (Genesis 2:7, 9, 18 – 22).[9]
Names of God The first section exclusively refers to God as Elohim, whereas the second exclusively uses the composite name Yahweh Elohim (the former word is often translated "LORD").
Single account advocates assert that Hebrew scriptures use different names for God throughout, depending on the characteristics of God which the author wished to emphasize. They argue that across the Hebrew scriptures, the use of Elohim in the first segment suggests "strength," focusing on God as the mighty Creator of the universe, while the use of Yahweh in the second segment suggested moral and spiritual natures of deity, particularly in relationship to the man.[10]
Dual account advocates assert that the two segments using different words for God indicates different authorship and two distinct narratives, in accord with the Documentary hypothesis.
Writing style Though not so obvious in translation, the Hebrew text of the two sections differ both in the type of words used and in stylistic qualities. The first section flows smoothly, whereas the second is more interested in pointing out side details, and does so in a more point of fact style.[citation needed] One of the principles of textual criticism is that large differences in the type of words used, and in the stylistic qualities of the text, should be taken as support for the existence of two different authors. Proponents of the two-account hypothesis point to the attempts (e.g., The Book of J, by Harold Bloom, translated by David Rosenberg) to separate the various authors of the Torah claimed by the Documentary Hypothesis into distinct and sometimes contradictory accounts.[citation needed]
Proponents of the single account argue that style differences need not be indicative of multiple authors, but may simply indicate the purpose of different passages. For example, Kenneth Kitchen, a retired Archaeology Professor of the University of Liverpool, has argued (1966) that stylistic differences are meaningless, and reflect different subject matter. He supports this with the evidence of a biographical inscription of an Egyptian official in 2400 B.C., which reflects at least four different styles, but which is uniformly supposed to possess unity of authorship.[citation needed]
The replacement section is completely unsourced. I'm reverting until this deficiency has been rectified. HrafnTalkStalk 16:14, 18 February 2008 (UTC)
- Not only (was) it unsourced, but it represents a substantial and controversial change and should be discussed on the talk page. I will revert once more in hopes of working toward some consensus. HokieRNB (talk) 17:42, 18 February 2008 (UTC)
- I'm happy to put my proposals into a sandbox, but have no idea how to cerate one. Can anyone help? PiCo (talk) 17:49, 18 February 2008 (UTC)
- All you need is a redlink like this: User:PiCo/sandbox. click on it & create away. HrafnTalkStalk 17:58, 18 February 2008 (UTC)
- Thanks. I've done that now. Please give me your comments. PiCo (talk) 18:29, 18 February 2008 (UTC)
Mosaic authorship, redux
Here are some other evangelical experts holding Mosaic authorship:
- William D. Barrick, B.A., Denver Baptist Bible College; M.Div., Th.M., San Francisco Theological Seminary; Th.D., Grace Theological Seminary
- Merrill F. Unger, A.B., Ph.D Johns Hopkins University; Th.M, Th.D Dallas Theological Seminary
- Gleason L. Archer, B.A., M.A., Ph.D. Harvard University; LL.B., Suffolk Law School, B.Div., Princeton Theological Seminary
Other older works include:
- John W. McGarvey (The authorship of the book of Deuteronomy with its bearings on the higher criticism of the Pentateuch, 1902)
- Harold M. Wiener (Essays in Pentateuchal Criticism, 1909)
- George F. Wright (The Mosaic Authorship Of The Pentateuch, 1917) —Preceding unsigned comment added by HokieRNB (talk • contribs) 19:27, 18 February 2008 (UTC)
- If you want to prove that a lot of people (esp. Evangelicals) believe Moses wrote the Torah, you need something like a Gallop poll, not these guys. If you want to prove that Mosaic authorship is an academically respectable position, these won't really work - the scholarly consensus is that Moses didn't do it. PiCo (talk) 00:39, 19 February 2008 (UTC)
- PiCo you need to fix your idea of "scholarly" - it's fine to say "liberal scholarhip", or something like that, and its fine to talk about the majority having dismissed Mosaic authorship. But you can't just dismiss it as a non-respectable position. I've given you a dozen respected names who hold it. It's a legitimate minority view. HokieRNB (talk) 00:50, 19 February 2008 (UTC)
- Be that as it may, if your aim is to prove that Mosaic authorship is widely held among lay Christians and Jews, you need something like a Gallup poll - the Gallup organisation has done these polls, and I'll find you one if you wish. Personally I'm quite ready to accept that this is the case without asking for a citation. If, on the other hand, your aim is to show that Mosaic authorship is an academically respectable position, you'll need to find a paper arguing that case in a mainstream journal. I don't recall ever having seen one. It will have to be a modern paper, not one published a hundred years ago - times move on. (Incidentally, George Wright makes a curious error: he believes that an argument against the documentary hypothesis is an argument in favour of Mosaic authorship. In fact the DH takes it for granted that Moses didn't write the Torah, and seeks to answer the question, "If not Moses, then who?") —Preceding unsigned comment added by PiCo (talk • contribs) 16:08, 19 February 2008 (UTC)
For example:
- W.J. Martin, in "Stylistic Criteria and the Analysis of the Pentateuch" (Tyndale Press, 1959)
- Bruce K. Waltke, in "The Creation Account in Genesis 1.1-3" (Bibliotheca Sacra 132, 1975)
- Duane L. Christensen and Marcel Narucki, in "Mosaic Authorship of the Pentateuch" (JETS 32/4, 1989)
- John H. Sailhamer, in "The Mosaic Law and the Theology of the Pentateuch" (Westminster Theological Journal 53, 1991)
- Daniel I. Block, in "Recovering the Voice of Moses, the Genesis of Deuteronomy" (JETS 44/3, 2001)
All I'm really asking is to maintain the statement as it stands... "According to Jewish tradition the first 5 books of the Bible, including Genesis, were written by Moses. This Mosaic authorship tradition was adopted by the earliest Christians and is still held as dogma by some Jews and many evangelical Christians." HokieRNB (talk) 17:26, 19 February 2008 (UTC)
- After further consideration, I'd like to submit the words "secular" or "mainstream" for consideration as a qualifier for "scholarship". That is to say, a statement like this might be acceptable - "According to tradition the first 5 books of the Bible, including Genesis, were written by Moses. This Mosaic authorship tradition was adopted by the earliest Christians and is still held dogmatically by some Jews and many evangelical Christians, but has been rejected by the consensus of [secular/mainstream] scholarship since the rise of higher criticism in the late 18th century." (Obviously removing the emphasis.) Thoughts? HokieRNB (talk) 17:54, 19 February 2008 (UTC)
- I'm quite happy with the first paragraph as it is: "According to Jewish tradition the first 5 books of the Bible, including Genesis, were written by Moses. This Mosaic authorship tradition was adopted by the earliest Christians and is still held as dogma by some Jews and many evangelical Christians." Except, that is, for the word "dogma" - dogma is a technical word used in the Catholic Church, and Protestants and Jews don't have dogmas. Just take out the words "as dogma". And perhaps I shouldn't be happy with talking about "some" Jews and "many Evangelical" Christians. So far as I'm aware the Jews who hold this view are the Orthodox, and it's more than "some" of them. And I'm not sure that belief in Mosaic authorship is restricted to Evangelicals - it was a dogma of the Catholic Church, for example, using that word in it's strict sense. So maybe "many Christians and Orthodox Jews" would be safer. And I wouldn't ask you for a reference, I'd take it as common knowledge.
- I'm not at all happy with the second paragraph - it's full of errors (the reference to "higher criticism", for example, should be to source criticism), and it's very clumsily expressed. And worst of all, it acts as if the documentary hypothesis were still the accepted explanation for the composition of the Torah - I think Friedman is the only one who still believes in the DH today. PiCo (talk) 19:25, 19 February 2008 (UTC)
- So, why don't we delete the second paragraph completely, and try this for the first one:
"According to Jewish tradition the first 5 books of the Bible, including Genesis, were written by Moses. This Mosaic authorship tradition was adopted by the earliest Christians and widely accepted until the rise of [higher/source] criticism in the late 18th century. The view is still held by many believers today, most notably among Orthodox Jews and Evangelical Christians, but has been rejected by the consensus of [secular/mainstream] scholarship most modern scholars." Does that work? HokieRNB (talk) 20:26, 19 February 2008 (UTC)
- I like it a lot better. I'd add the words shown in bold, and delete the words in subscript. This makes it more succinct. Unfortunately, it also adds the opportunity for people to insists on cited sources for words like "most" and "many", as applied to scholars and believers (Christian and Jewish). Lets cross that bridge when we come to it. I also agree on removing the second para - someday we can replace it with something better if we wish.PiCo (talk) 03:11, 20 February 2008 (UTC)
- No comments for several days - I'm putting these edits into the article. PiCo (talk) 14:12, 24 February 2008 (UTC)
Proposed new section, "Structure"
I'd like to add the following to the article as a new section, immediately before the "Authorship"section, or possibly a subsection combined with it:
Genesis 1 consists of eight acts of creation within a six day framework. Each of the first three days is an act of division: dark/light, waters/skies, sea/land & plants. In the next three days this framework is populated: heavenly bodies for the dark and light, fish and birds for the seas and skies, animals and (finally) man for the land. This six-day structure is symmetrically bracketed by day zero representing primeval chaos and day seven representing cosmic order.Priestly Creation Story - course notes by Professor Barry Bandstra, Hope College Genesis 2 is a simple linear narrative, with the exception of the parenthesis about the four rivers at Genesis 2:10-14. This interrupts the forward movement of the narrative and might therefore be an insertion based on the spring or stream which waters the ground “on the day when Yahweh Elohim formed earth and heavens.” David Carr, “The Politics of Textual Subversion: A Diachronic Perspective on the Garden of Eden Story”, Journal of Biblical Literature, Vol. 112, No. 4 (Winter, 1993), pp. 577-595.
The “Primeval History” mimics Genesis 1’s intricate structure of parallel halves. The first half runs from Creation to Noah, the second from the Flood to Abraham. Each half is marked by the passage of ten generations (ten from Adam to Noah, another ten from Noah to Abraham). Like Genesis 1, each half has a six-part structure, and the content of each half exactly mirrors the other. Each follows the same themes, but with very different results: in the first half, God creates a perfect world for man, but man sins and God eventually returns his creation to its original state of chaos (i.e., the water of tehom); in the second, man finds himself in a newly created post-Flood world, as if given a chance to start again, but sins again (the Tower). But the result the second time is different: God choses Abram and makes his name (Heb. shem) great. The word shem appears to have structural significance: in Genesis 1, God names the elements of his Creation; in Genesis 2, “the man” (not at this stage named Adam), names the creatures over which he has been given dominion; Noah’s eldest son is “Shem”, and Yahweh is identified as “the God of Shem,” ancestor of Abraham and the Chosen People.Thematic Unity - course notes by Professor Barry Bandstra, Hope College.
For consideration and comment. PiCo (talk) 15:46, 19 February 2008 (UTC)
Creation theology
I renamed the section from "Summary of interpretations"to "Creation theology", which I think is more descriptive.
I also condensed the section. So far as possible I did this without removing material - I moved material around and sumamrised some points, but tried not to remove altogether. The major thing I did remove was the list of the six days of creation - this is already covered in the first section of the article. PiCo (talk) 15:54, 5 March 2008 (UTC)
New subsection - Theology of Genesis
I've added a new subsection on academic perspectives on the theology contained in Genesis. It has to look beyond just Genesis 1-2 as the theological stories extend throughout Genesis and indeed throughout the bible. But I've tried to maintain the focus on Genesis 1-2. A weakness is that I rely on just two authors. Both are reasonably notable, but it would be good to have more. The material on Meredith Kline, for example, logically belongs in here - his framework hypothesis is mainstream biblical scholarship.
Comments? PiCo (talk) 15:36, 6 March 2008 (UTC)
"God" in lead section
(transferred from my talk page):
It should be established in the introduction which god the article is talking about, without having to click on wikilinks. Ben (talk) 14:16, 21 June 2008 (UTC)
- In principle I can see the point of that, but in this particular case the matter is hardly in doubt. For those who believe that there is only one god, the words "which god" can only have one meaning. It's like choosing a member from a singleton set. My objection to "God of Israel" is that it is anachronistic. Israel the man wasn't born and Israel the people didn't exist at the time referred to. One could equally say "God the Father" but it's also a question of subtle, or not so subtle, overtones, so I'm absolutely not suggesting that. The words actually used in Genesis are Elohim and Yahweh so if "God" isn't good enough, it would be bettter to use one or both of those. SamuelTheGhost (talk) 14:44, 21 June 2008 (UTC)
- I have no problem with using another phrase, God of Israel can go if you think that is best. My concern is that many cultures have access to Wikipedia these days, and while most will suspect the god you're referring to when we use the term God, we can't assume anything of our readers. We should be writing the article as if for someone who has amnesia, but has possibly read an article on another god before reading this one. I'm up for suggestions, otherwise I think the article should use the older phrase until something better comes along. Ben (talk) 14:59, 21 June 2008 (UTC)
- I don't really understand the nature of your "concern". Anyone who knows anything at all about Genesis and the religions which recognise it will know that they are monotheistic. From that point of view to particularise God is downright misleading, since there is only one. If someone reads this who doesn't know that, then the best thing to say is "(the one and only) God". If you want to be more pedantic we could say "God (Elohim/Yahweh)". What concerns me is that we should remain as far as possible inclusive. There is nothing in Genesis chapters 1 and 2 which disagrees with Islam, for example, so we shouldn't make it sound as if there is. SamuelTheGhost (talk) 16:24, 21 June 2008 (UTC)
- Anyone who knows anything at all about Genesis and the religions which recognise it -- That was my point. Not everyone does, so we should spell it out from the outset. For all we know, someone has clicked a link that looks like creation, without knowing what Genesis is. This is a very basic topic, and we can't assume all readers will be familiar with it. Ben (talk) 16:37, 21 June 2008 (UTC)
- All right, would you be happy with "(the one and only) God"? SamuelTheGhost (talk) 17:25, 21 June 2008 (UTC)
- Anyone who knows anything at all about Genesis and the religions which recognise it -- That was my point. Not everyone does, so we should spell it out from the outset. For all we know, someone has clicked a link that looks like creation, without knowing what Genesis is. This is a very basic topic, and we can't assume all readers will be familiar with it. Ben (talk) 16:37, 21 June 2008 (UTC)
- I don't really understand the nature of your "concern". Anyone who knows anything at all about Genesis and the religions which recognise it will know that they are monotheistic. From that point of view to particularise God is downright misleading, since there is only one. If someone reads this who doesn't know that, then the best thing to say is "(the one and only) God". If you want to be more pedantic we could say "God (Elohim/Yahweh)". What concerns me is that we should remain as far as possible inclusive. There is nothing in Genesis chapters 1 and 2 which disagrees with Islam, for example, so we shouldn't make it sound as if there is. SamuelTheGhost (talk) 16:24, 21 June 2008 (UTC)
- I have no problem with using another phrase, God of Israel can go if you think that is best. My concern is that many cultures have access to Wikipedia these days, and while most will suspect the god you're referring to when we use the term God, we can't assume anything of our readers. We should be writing the article as if for someone who has amnesia, but has possibly read an article on another god before reading this one. I'm up for suggestions, otherwise I think the article should use the older phrase until something better comes along. Ben (talk) 14:59, 21 June 2008 (UTC)
I don't see how that helps at all. What about the Judaic God? Ben (talk) 02:31, 22 June 2008 (UTC)
- Nowhere in Genesis 1-2 does it say that God created heaven and earth. In fact it doesn't mention God. What it mentions is elohim and YHWH. The latter is the god of Israel (the people rather than the eponymous ancestor), but not the only god in the world - "Thou shalt have no other gods before me" implies that other gods do indeed exist, and "Hear O Israel, YHWH our God is one God" implies that Yahweh is the god of Israel, and not of Moab (the god of Moab was Chemosh) or of Babylon (the god of Babylon was Marduk). "Elohim" has the general meaning of "god", but isn't exactly equivalent to the English word - when oses is told that Aaron will "as a god" and speak for him, the word used is elohim, and a little later, when Moses appoints elders to act as judges in his place, they also are called "elohim." My point is that we should avoid assuming that English words can be used in a one to one correspondence with Hebrew, or, for that matter, that Genesis is quite so monotheistic as so many modern Christians imagine. Better simply to remove all reference to who did the creating, since it isn't strictly needed and seems to lead to confusion. PiCo (talk) 07:39, 22 June 2008 (UTC)
- That's fine with me. Thanks. Ben (talk) 07:49, 22 June 2008 (UTC)
In the beginning
I have problems with this section:
- Exegetical points
- "In the beginning..."
- The first word of Genesis 1 in Hebrew, "in the beginning" (Heb. berēšît), provides the traditional Jewish title for the book. The ambiguity of the Hebrew grammar in this verse gives rise to two alternative translations, the first implying that God's first act of creation was heaven and earth, the second that "heaven and earth" already existed in a "formless and void" state, to which God brings form and order:[19]
- "In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth. And the earth was without form, and void...God said, Let there be light!" (King James Version).
- "At the beginning of the creation of heaven and earth, when the earth was (or the earth being) unformed and void . . . God said, Let there be light!" (Rashi, also with variations Ibn Ezra and Bereshith Rabba).
First, what is the "ambiguity" in the Hebrew grammar? Second, where did Rashi, Ibn Ezra, and Bereshith Rabba translate the verse? It seems to me that KJV is a translation, and Rashi's is an interpretation. The translation implies an interpretation but i do not understand the basis for the interpretation, perhaps it is just a poor translation? This section just doesn't make sense and needs to be clarified. Slrubenstein | Talk 23:19, 17 July 2008 (UTC)
Reconciling Genesis 1 and 2
There seems to be a major omission (unless I'm missing something) from this page, which is: How do those who take the bible as the literal word of god reconcile the two completely different creation stories? There is a sub-section about those who subscribe to the "multiple authors" theory, and another about those who don't take the accounts completely literally but nothing, so far as I can see, about what, frankly, seems to be the mainstream of fundamentalist Christianity in the USA: Those who take the bible as the literal word of god and therefore reject evolution in favour of creationism. How does that group reconcile the two different creation accounts in Genesis 1 and 2? I ask because I have no idea: It was to find an answer to that specific question that I searched for this page in the first place. Jacob (talk) 20:53, 27 August 2008 (UTC)
- Here are a few examples of literal interpretations (or at least mostly literal): http://www.answersingenesis.org/creation/v18/i4/genesis.asp http://www.catholic.com/thisrock/2004/0401sbs.asp http://www.comereason.org/bibl_cntr/con005.asp http://www.christiananswers.net/q-aig/aig-c023.html Dan Watts (talk) 21:17, 27 August 2008 (UTC)
- Yes, I can find the "answer" elsewhere on the internet. My point, though, is that it's not on this page, which (since two other such descriptions are here) is where it should be, surely? Jacob (talk) 22:11, 27 August 2008 (UTC)
- There's a mention of Kenneth Kitchen and the view that Gen.1 gives the story from God's perspective and Gen.2 gives it from man's, both being two aspects of the same story. This is a pretty widespread view, and not just among Creationists. But if it's not being made clear then perhaps we need to look at that part of the article again. talk seems to be giving us some useful online sources. PiCo (talk) 06:29, 28 August 2008 (UTC)
- Actually, this is essentially the part I'm just not getting - from this page or from the argument in general. That is, the interpretation that Genesis 1 is "god's perspective" and Genesis 2 is "man's perspective" is, as far as I can tell, just that: An interpretation. I can't see where the Biblical literalist gets, from the text of the bible rather than jus from an assertion, any justification to favour that specific interpretation over the "it's just an allegory" interpretation. Which leaves me with the same gap on this page, really: If somebody takes the bible literally then how does that person reconcile the (apparent?) contradictions between Genesis 1 and 2? Or does no christian actually take the bible literally to that extent, but most/all rely on one interpretation or another? Either way, that information just doesn't seem to be on this page, which it logically belongs. Jacob (talk) 09:05, 29 August 2008 (UTC)
Tjbergsma's edits.
I haven't gone over them all yet, but I think they should be discussed here first. Tjbergsma's edits seem to rely on some seriously dodgy sources to make claims. For example, The New American Commentary, where a part of the description of this work from the publisher is "The New American Commentary assumes the inerrancy of Scripture...", a distinctly minority position. I'm also reasonably confident that most scholars believe the Pentateuch had multiple authors, but I'm happy to be corrected about that with a reliable source stating that view has now fallen out of favour among the experts. Ben (talk) 04:20, 15 November 2008 (UTC)
- "some seriously dodgy sources" ??? You call the ESV Study Bible, the fasted selling bible in the history of America, a dodgy source? lol. PLus, thge New American Commentary is a very reputable source and easily passes wikipedia's standards. Same with anything by Richard Pratt and Wayne Grudem.ፘ Berg Drop a Line ޗ pls 04:32, 15 November 2008 (UTC)
- Oh, and pls don't delete statements that have reliable sources and after that ask to talk. You disagree, talk -- don't delete.ፘ Berg Drop a Line ޗ pls 04:36, 15 November 2008 (UTC)
- And there is a source stating that the multiple author view is beginning to fall out of favor among experts. I wouldn't change it without sourcing it! (shows why you shouldn't make a huge UNDO without reading first). You want the source, read the article! ፘ Berg Drop a Line ޗ pls 04:36, 15 November 2008 (UTC)
- AND my edits are clearly NPOV!!! I was careful to put in the phrase "some scholars" and point out this was only one view. That's what careful editing does. Why are you jumping all over this?!ፘ Berg Drop a Line ޗ pls 04:39, 15 November 2008 (UTC)
- Ugh. I put the link to WP:BRD on your talk page for your benefit. Sales figures are your claim to reliability? Please. From the ESV Study Bible web site: The goal and vision of the ESV Study Bible is, first and foremost, to honor the Lord. Not reliable. I think you're falling well short of the WP:NPOV line, so I suggest you read that page, noting in particular the WP:WEIGHT section. NPOV does not mean every point of view. Instead of edit warring, I think it's more sensible to leave the questioned material out of the article until you find some reliable sources and present them here for others to review. Do we agree? Ben (talk) 04:53, 15 November 2008 (UTC)
- "Do we agree?" No. ፘ Berg Drop a Line ޗ pls 05:01, 15 November 2008 (UTC)
- You prove first that they are unreliable sources (and then I'll prove that yours are too, according to your same subjective standards) and then you can remove them. They more than meet the requirements. And the WP:BRD has nothing to do with my edits. It says "BRD is not a justification for imposing one's own view, or tendentious editing without consensus." Therefore, my reliable sources stand. Now, you want to talk, let's talk. And I "Ugh" right back at you for your rash revert of all my edits without going through them. ፘ Berg Drop a Line ޗ pls 05:01, 15 November 2008 (UTC)
- You want to follow WP:BRD? Then here are the steps: (note that you made the bold edit, and then I reverted, so now you must not revert again). I quote... ፘ Berg Drop a Line ޗ pls 05:05, 15 November 2008 (UTC)
- "The BRD process
1. Boldly make the desired change to the page. 2. Wait until someone reverts your change or makes another substantial edit. DO NOT revert this change! 3. If a disagreement arises, gracefully back down a bit, and explain and discuss your reasoning with the reverter and consider their different views too (don't go for discussion with too many people at once). Once you reach agreement, start the cycle again by making the agreed change."
- What? How have I made a bold edit? I reverted you. Before that I reverted an IP. The only thing I have added to this article is a source to backup my revert. You're welcome to ignore BRD though. Now, it is you that must establish the reliability of your sources. It is not up to the rest of the world to prove them unreliable. So, where is your evidence of reliability? Ben (talk) 05:16, 15 November 2008 (UTC)
- I'm afraid that it's actually your job to give evidence of unreliability. But, just so you know, here's a quote from Wikipedia, "Reliable sources are credible published materials with a reliable publication process; their authors are generally regarded as trustworthy or authoritative in relation to the subject at hand." Have a look at the editors of the ESV Study Bible. Oh, and the Spirit of the Reformation Study Bible. I think you'll find there between them both the Who's who of evangelical Christianity. In other words, reliable. ፘ Berg Drop a Line ޗ pls 05:26, 15 November 2008 (UTC)
- Not, it's not. Just like it's not my job to prove that an image falls under copyright. It is up to the person asserting it is not to offer evidence that it is not. It's the only sensible position to take in cases like this. However, I have offered evidence that these texts are unreliable. They do not represent reliable sources, they represent biased sources whose primary aim is to to honor the Lord and assume the inerrancy of Scripture. I also have a paper here, An Empirical Basis for the Documentary Hypothesis, Journal of Biblical Literature, Vol. 94, No. 3 (Sep., 1975), pp. 329-342. This journal is peer reviewed and, according to its wiki article, is the flagship journal of the field. From the same journal, Re-Examining the Foundations, Vol. 84, No. 1 (Mar., 1965), pp. 1-19. These papers represent the level of reliability we should be demanding. Not commercial products with an obvious bias. Now, these papers are perhaps a little old, in which case I'm happy to be corrected. Please present a paper from a journal of similar standing pointing out that scholars today generally believe that the Pentateuch was written by a single author. Ben (talk) 05:49, 15 November 2008 (UTC)
- I'm afraid that it's actually your job to give evidence of unreliability. But, just so you know, here's a quote from Wikipedia, "Reliable sources are credible published materials with a reliable publication process; their authors are generally regarded as trustworthy or authoritative in relation to the subject at hand." Have a look at the editors of the ESV Study Bible. Oh, and the Spirit of the Reformation Study Bible. I think you'll find there between them both the Who's who of evangelical Christianity. In other words, reliable. ፘ Berg Drop a Line ޗ pls 05:26, 15 November 2008 (UTC)
- Ben, you're not thinking straight. And I have offered evidence that my sources are reliable -- and you (nor Pico) can delete them until you PROVE otherwise. My sources are very credible, respectable, well-known scholars within the Christian community. This falls easily within Wikipedia's standards -- actually they are as good as you can get! To follow your subjective standards here and say these aren't reliable will strike every well-known scientist from the record in the scientific community, every well-known politician from the record in the political community, etc, etc, etc. It's holding Christian sources to a different standard in their own field of expertise than anyone else. That is not being scholarly, nor what wikipedia is about. ፘ Berg Drop a Line ޗ pls 13:03, 15 November 2008 (UTC)
- No, you haven't offered any evidence to show your sources are reliable. You've asserted they are.
- I think you'll find there between them both the Who's who of evangelical Christianity. In other words, reliable. --Tjbergsma
- This is becoming a joke though, so until someone else steps in to comment on this, one way or the other, I don't care enough to continue arguing about it. Ben (talk) 15:26, 15 November 2008 (UTC)
- No, you haven't offered any evidence to show your sources are reliable. You've asserted they are.
- Ben, you're not thinking straight. And I have offered evidence that my sources are reliable -- and you (nor Pico) can delete them until you PROVE otherwise. My sources are very credible, respectable, well-known scholars within the Christian community. This falls easily within Wikipedia's standards -- actually they are as good as you can get! To follow your subjective standards here and say these aren't reliable will strike every well-known scientist from the record in the scientific community, every well-known politician from the record in the political community, etc, etc, etc. It's holding Christian sources to a different standard in their own field of expertise than anyone else. That is not being scholarly, nor what wikipedia is about. ፘ Berg Drop a Line ޗ pls 13:03, 15 November 2008 (UTC)
- Ben: How come you did not question this article's use of unscholarly blogs for sources, and yet you question my sources that are 1. Published, 2. published from the leading Christian Publishing houses, 3. well known within the Christian community? Answer me that. ፘ Berg Drop a Line ޗ pls 15:40, 15 November 2008 (UTC)
- I'll question any sources I please, and you should expect as much from anyone else. However, an obvious answer to your question is that I only reviewed the sources that were inserted in the last 24 hours. Ben (talk) 15:46, 15 November 2008 (UTC)
- Ben: How come you did not question this article's use of unscholarly blogs for sources, and yet you question my sources that are 1. Published, 2. published from the leading Christian Publishing houses, 3. well known within the Christian community? Answer me that. ፘ Berg Drop a Line ޗ pls 15:40, 15 November 2008 (UTC)
I'm limiting myself only to the question of: are the sources Tjbergsma added good sources for Wikipedia, based on the reliable sources guidelines with a dash of common sense? Specifically, The New American Commentary, the ESV Study Bible, and the Spirit of the Reformation Study Bible. These source are all predicated on various assumptions about the Bible, and this biases their conclusions. However, it's not relevant. The question is: are they a reliable source on the subject at hand, theological debate on the meaning of Genesis? Do these books reasonably document a non-fringe theory? As a crude test, would someone involved in the debate on the other side agree, "Yes, these sources are a scholarly representation of a non-fringe reading of the Bible that I disagree with?" I'm not up to date on current Bible analysis, but as far as I can tell the answer is likely to be yes. As best I can tell, the sources represent in a scholarly way a non-fringe set of beliefs, and thus are suitable as reliable sources to back up claims that those beliefs exist. Best of luck in your future editing! — Alan De Smet | Talk 20:55, 15 November 2008 (UTC)
Your opinion that I am breaking the WP:WEIGHT rule, and as you say "falling well short of the WP:NPOV line" is incorrect. This is the Reformed view and a common evangelical view, which is not an insignificant part of the Protestant Church. RC Sproul, Mark Driscoll, John Piper, John MacArthur, Al Moehler, CJ Mahanney, Josh Harris, Nancy Leigh DeMoss, etc, etc. are not an insignificant part of the Christian community.
I mean WP:WEIGHT is talking about flat earth views -- now that is a minority view. The ESV Study Bible is not a minority view. ፘ Berg Drop a Line ޗ pls 05:18, 15 November 2008 (UTC)
I'm quite happy to have Pico put in his edit that "the majority of scholars" believe Genesis is founded upon Babylonian creation myths, but find the sources! People use that cop out phrase too much, "the majority of...", when they really don't know. Their own thoughts on the matter do not make a "majority." Until then, allow both positions to be represented. ፘ Berg Drop a Line ޗ pls 13:33, 15 November 2008 (UTC)
- Tjbergsma, your edits seem to be aimed at pushing a point of view rather than towards improving the article. If a link is no longer working, tag it, don't delete it. Also be careful about painting majority views as the views of "some" scholars. Etc. PiCo (talk) 14:33, 15 November 2008 (UTC)
- Pico, you seem to be somwhat biased in your edits, and you prefer general, unsourced statements rather than cited sources that you disagree with. Please do not write, "the majority of scholars" without having sufficient evidence for such a grand claim. I am working hard at editing with reliable sources, please do the same.
- And note that I did not delete the statements, just the broken links. That is fair. ፘ Berg Drop a Line ޗ pls 14:37, 15 November 2008 (UTC)
- In the future, do not delete the links either. Instead you should tag them as dead, because nearly always an archive link can be found in the wayback machine. siℓℓy rabbit (talk) 16:00, 15 November 2008 (UTC)
- You are right. Thank you Silly Rabbit, also for updating them. ፘ Berg Drop a Line ޗ pls 16:05, 15 November 2008 (UTC)
The rûach of God
I am trying to find a source that says the traditional Jewish translation of ruach is "wind" here in Gen. 1. Please don't remove the Fact tag unless you have a reliable source. Thanks ፘ Berg Drop a Line ޗ pls 15:15, 15 November 2008 (UTC)
- Harry Orlinsky, you jackass!PiCo (talk) 15:42, 15 November 2008 (UTC)
- Nice. Very classy. (ps. that name is no where in the source, nor on the blog) ፘ Berg Drop a Line ޗ pls 15:47, 15 November 2008 (UTC)
- I finally figured out what you were talking about (no help to your constantly replacing a bad link). I have given the proper link to Orlinsky now. This should make you happy. Please follow the link to double-check my research and you'll notice the improvment ፘ Berg Drop a Line ޗ pls 15:57, 15 November 2008 (UTC)
Footnote #12?
It says, "Some modern translations alter the tense-sequence so that the garden is prepared before the man is set in it, but the Hebrew has the man created before the garden is planted."
I have compared the English & Hebrew and see no basis for this remark (it really doesn't even make sense if you read it carefully!). I believe this unsourced footnote should be deleted. I will give other editors some time to comment on this though before I do so. Please give your opinion on this if you want it to stay. Thanks. ፘ Berg Drop a Line ޗ pls 16:30, 15 November 2008 (UTC)
Tjbergsma's edits, part III
Tjbergsma, your edits have been reverted by multiple editors, not just me. It should be obvious to you that you do not have consensus for your points, nor anything like it. Please put your proposals on the Talk page for discussion.
Your latest edit is an attempt to say that the occurrence of two names for God in Genesis led scholars to posit multiple authorship for the Pentateuch. How you can doubt this is beyond me - it's a fact of history beginning with Astruc. I think you're misreading your sources. Again, put your proposals here so we can examine them. If you won't do this, I'll have to report you for disruptive editing. PiCo (talk) 15:14, 17 November 2008 (UTC)
- I have put in a request to have this page protected due to edit warring. Multiple users has deemed my sources reliable and you keep deleting them. You do not delete reliable source in Wikipedis for personal reasons. T Berg Drop a Line ޗ pls 14:51, 18 November 2008 (UTC) 15:29, 17 November 2008 (UTC)
- First point: Don't change the section title for this section - it's dishonest.
- Second point: Your edits have been reverted multiple times by multiple editors, and you've been asked multiple times to discuss matters on Talk before continuing, yet you ignore everyone. You are being disruptive.
- Third point:One of your sources is reliable, but you have not understood the section you're editing into (i.e., the influence of the two names of God on the development of the Documentary Hypothesis) nor, indeed, your own source (which is not saying what you think it's saying). The result is to make a nonsense of the section.
- In view of your continued bad behaviour I will report you for edit warring.PiCo (talk) 15:36, 17 November 2008 (UTC)
- I would like to respond to your points: You too has been disruptive and have been asked multiple times to look at the talk page.
- You have repeatedly deleted statements with multiple reliable sources, and replaced them with your unsourced generalizations.
- You say that I have been reverted multiple times by multiple authors? You and who else may I ask? And since you admit that you have reverted me many times, then you are admitting that you are edit warring. T Berg Drop a Line ޗ pls 14:51, 18 November 2008 (UTC) 17:14, 17 November 2008 (UTC)
Edit war: revert to last agreed version
In view of the edit war which has (regrettably) broken out with the activities of Tjbergsma, I have reverted the article to the last agreed version prior to his arrival on the scene. The article should now be locked at this version until the matter is resolved. (That "last agreed version" was not, incidentally, mine). PiCo (talk) 15:44, 17 November 2008 (UTC)
- It should be noted that it is the activities not only of myself, but also of PiCo that have started this edit war. I made some good faith edits with reliable sources, only to have them repeatedly deleted by PiCo, and to have been name-called by him as well. It is unfortunate that it has come down to this, but with the version that he prefers on lock down, hopefully we can now come to a consensus piece by piece. This is why I asked for the page block. Cheers, T Berg Drop a Line ޗ pls 14:52, 18 November 2008 (UTC) 17:49, 17 November 2008 (UTC)
Now What?
OK. Fine. You have your version back. But now what? There are opinions (that are unsourced!) that good reliable sources can help to balance out in this article. This was my goal. This article clearly represents only one side and leave out a position that is definitely NOT a small minority. I have given well-know sources, and names, which are in the best selling section for years now in Christian circles.
Also, there are bad sources in here: Blogs of unknown guys that are being allow to stand as sources because they give the position that some editors what to give. They have been upheld while well-known sources from reputable and important Christian publishing houses have been continually deleted with no explanation
Third, there are bad, bad generalizations in this article. The weasel word of "many" and "majority" thrown in here and there tinge the accurateness of it.
Now what?? T Berg Drop a Line ޗ pls 14:49, 18 November 2008 (UTC) 16:02, 17 November 2008 (UTC)
- , this is not my version, it's the version that existed before you began editing. Your edits marked the beginning of an edit war, to which I have been a party. Edit wars are bad. If we can't agree, we revert to a neutral version, in this case, the version that existed before the war broke out and which is neither yours nor mine. Then we block the article m(at this agreed-to-be-neutral version) and talk things over. That's what.
- That your sources are reliable is agreed. That you are using them wisely, is not. For example, you keep editing the section on Names of God without understanding what it's saying. It simply says that the two names used in Genesis led biblical scholars to posit the idea that there were two original and distinct sources in the book. It's a statement about the history of biblical scholarship. Yet you treat it as if it's a statement supporting the documentary hypothesis, and making an edit that says that the DH is no longer regarded as valid, This is irrelevant - to repeat, the section is about the history of scholarship, not about the DH.
- Your other edits, where you keep classifying mainstream scholarly opinion as the opinion of "some" scholars, is more serious. Evidently you disagree with these views, and want to give more prominence to evangelical and literalist ideas. Using the word "some" to do this is, however, weasel-words. If you can provide evidence that the ideas of Wenham and others are fringe, or that the ideas of literalists are are commonly accepted (in, for example, the SBL), we can consider an appropriate edit. But this is exactly why your edits are so controversial, and why we've been pleading with you to use the Talk page - a whole set of such pleas, not just mine. Talk is good, please do more of it. PiCo (talk) 16:16, 17 November 2008 (UTC)
- Ok. Let's go through what I see as inaccuracies, one at a time, and figure this out. If you can come up with sources for the general statements that you want to keep, that would be appreciated. Overall, I see this article as presenting a certain view as the majority, when it is in fact not a majority, but rather a very common view among several. Therefore I will do my part and bring sources (and as many sources as needed, because there are plenty!) to try and make this article more accurate.
- First: I want to tackle the bad sources that are used in this article (there are plenty!), before adding or changing any statements. Agreed? T Berg Drop a Line ޗ pls 14:49, 18 November 2008 (UTC) 16:46, 17 November 2008 (UTC)
- I've begun on the footnotes as you suggest. Now my own request to you: Since you're the one seeking to make edits, it's up to you to propose what you want to do. I suggest you begin with the lead. Start a new thread here on Talk telling us what you want to change, why, and what you want to see in its place. (Or any totally new material - but the lead should of course reflect the existing article, not introduce totally new matter). PiCo (talk) 09:23, 18 November 2008 (UTC)
Review of Current Footnotes
Foot note #2: "Genesis uses the words YHWH and Elohim (and El) for God; the combined form in Gen.2 and 3,YHWH Elohim, usually translated as "LORD God", is unique to these two chapters." I think this need to be more clear, that these are unique only in chpts 2-3 of Genesis but the combination is used often throughout the rest of the Old Testament.
- I'd be happy to change this to read "almost unigue within Genesis", meaning that, within Genesis, it's very rare.
- how about this change that I made to the exact same footnote in the Book of Genesis article (just changing the last hald of the sentence): "Genesis uses the words YHWH and Elohim (and El) for God; the combined form in Gen.2 and 3,YHWH Elohim, usually translated as "LORD God," although used commonly throughout the Old Testament, is unique here in Genesis to these two chapters"
Footnote #9: It says, "Some modern translations alter the tense-sequence so that the garden is prepared before the man is set in it, but the Hebrew has the man created before the garden is planted." However this is incorrect -- no modern translation alters the tense sequence. And the second half of that statement is also true for modern translations! Conclusion: this footnote is nonsensical, unsourced, and should be deleted outright.
- I'll get back on this.
Footnote #16, #27, #29, #37, and #38: These are linked to Barry Bandstra. The links are no longer valid and need to be updated or replaced.
- The source seems to have been removed from the web and the link can be deleted. The idea expressed, however, is valid, and should stay. The aim now should be to find an alternative reference if it's felt this is needed.
- I can provide alternative links for all of the Bandstra citations. Not a problem. siℓℓy rabbit (talk) 13:29, 18 November 2008 (UTC)
- Thank-you again Silly Rabbit. That will take care of half of the footnotes :)
Footnote #20: http://www.greeklatinaudio.com/six24hrdays.htm appears to be some guys blog and personal opinion. Conclusion: This should be deleted outright (and since the statement that it sources is obscure, it too should be deleted!)
- Agreed. Bear in mind that I didn't write everything, or even nearly everything, in this article - and I certainly didn't write that. The problem is that this is a very controversial article, and deleting things can lead to passionate responses - so it's fine by me to delete, but I'm not the final decision-taker.
- If there are no protests then, it should be deleted per wikipedia WP:SPS
Footnote: 21: "Notes on the NJPS translation of the Torah." This links to some guys blog. There is nothing in the link that is relevant to the statement it claims to source. Conclusion: It should be fixed or (if no one can figure it out) deleted.
- The link is incorrect - it should be to . The blog is by a professor of Hebrew and bible, and includes Orlinski's commentary on the JPS translation of Genesis - Orlinsky, you will know, being the one who did the translation. In his notes he explains his choices, and several of the notes amount to miniature essays on the history of various concepts, including ruah and its role in the development of the (putative) Christian Trinity.
- Good, we can redirect this link to the correct place.
Footnote #34: What is it?? It should be clarified or deleted. T Berg Drop a Line ޗ pls 14:45, 18 November 2008 (UTC) 17:22, 17 November 2008 (UTC)
- I'm not sure what you mean by "what is it?" The footnote is a reference to page 17 of a book by a man named Stone, the book itself being called Names of God, published in 1944. I've never read it, so I can't say what Stone says, but it seems to be a well-referenced source within the meaning of Wiki's policy of verifiability. On the other hand, if you think you can express the thought better, go ahead and make a suggestion.
- Good. We can add the rest of the info: Book title, date. I'm fine with it, just want to clean it up. Thanks T Berg Drop a Line ޗ pls 22:44, 18 November 2008 (UTC)
Let's come to a consensus on these footnotes by the end of this week so that they can be fixed as is needed (then we can move on to the "many" weasel words in the article). T Berg Drop a Line ޗ pls 14:45, 18 November 2008 (UTC) 17:34, 17 November 2008 (UTC)
Barry Bandstra Footnotes
All the changes to the current footnotes are made except for Barry Bandstra corrections which Silly Rabbit said he/she could fix. The footnote numbers are now: #15, #25, #27, #35, and #36. A dead link tage has been place on them for now. T Berg Drop a Line ޗ pls 18:19, 22 November 2008 (UTC)
Lead
OK. Now I suggest we work through the article. There should be 3 goals:
- Add sources to the many "fact" tags (some have been there a long while)
- * This means deleting statements that simply are not being sourced, per Wikipedia rules: See here.
2. Balance POV statements (including the many weasel words), such as "many", "most", or "some".
- * This means that if we can't find a source for the "many" then the statement or word can't be there
- * This includes removing pejorative terms, (such as using "biblical literalists"), to describe the "other side" and using a more NPOV term.
3. Return and stick to Wikipedia guidelines in this article:
None of the views should be given undue weight or asserted as being judged as "the truth", in order that the various significant published viewpoints are made accessible to the reader, not just the most popular one. It should also not be asserted that the most popular view, or some sort of intermediate view among the different views, is the correct one to the extent that other views are mentioned only pejoratively. Readers should be allowed to form their own opinions.
Cheers, T Berg Drop a Line ޗ pls 18:55, 22 November 2008 (UTC)
1st Change
- "While modern biblical literalists believe that the Genesis account is an accurate record of the creation of the universe, the majority of scholars and believers view it as allegorical rather than literal." This sentence needs fixing and is dreadfully POV (ie. the majority of scholars and believers -- talk about trying too hard to get ones point across!) I think that the best way to word this, to not belittle one side or over stress the other side, is to write it this way:
- "While modern biblical literalists believe that the Genesis account is an accurate record of the creation of the universe, the majority of scholars and believers view it as allegorical rather than literal." This sentence needs fixing and is dreadfully POV (ie. the majority of scholars and believers -- talk about trying too hard to get ones point across!) I think that the best way to word this, to not belittle one side or over stress the other side, is to write it this way:
There are two popular views of the Genesis account today with regards to how to interpret it, one which understands it to be an accurate record of the creation of the universe, and another which interprets it as being only allegorical.
- This is NPOV (see here) and a good lead sentence: ie. It can be fleshed out later in the article (under Interpretive approaches), where each side can present its argument with sources. I will wait a couple of days to make this change in order to allow for discussion here. Cheers, T Berg Drop a Line ޗ pls 18:59, 24 November 2008 (UTC)
- Apologies, I've been away for a week. Can I suggest we skip the lead at this point? It's meant to be a summary of the article, so lets' do the article and then finish off by getting a lead that reflects whatever we end up saying. Incidentally, thanks for your very cooperative approach on this. PiCo (talk) 01:39, 26 November 2008 (UTC)
- I disagree Pico. True, the lead has to sum up the article, but you need to have it written before you begin -- or else you don't know where you're going to! It it our thesis statement as it were. If needs be, you go back and re-evaluate after you're finished with the article and see if it lines up. Besides, my proposed statement is already a summary of what is in the article (although section 5 needs a little organizing of material). On top of that, it's also still part of the sources problem. T Berg Drop a Line ޗ pls 02:52, 26 November 2008 (UTC)
This might seem like an odd moment to announce this, but I'm retiring from Wikipedia. Since I work on the computer all day (I'm a writer), the temptation to take a short break with Wiki is always there, and the "short" always seems to turn into long, and those things which ought to get done, don't. So, in the interests of strengthening my always-weak willpower, I's swearing off. Tjbergsma, please carry on, I wish you good luck. PiCo (talk) 13:29, 26 November 2008 (UTC)
Hey Tjbergsma, I'm happy to see everything working a little more cooperatively now. With respect to your latest version of the intro, An account of the creation of the universe isn't very precise. There is a lot of tradition and religious themes that are bundled together with creation according to genesis. It goes into a lot more detail than just the creation of the universe too (there are other creation myths that go into a lot less detail, with more general, separate, origin myths explaining other details, unlike creation according to genesis) and so I think we should use the term creation myth in the first sentence, not the second, to get as much of this information conveyed as possible. I think:
- Creation according to Genesis is the creation myth found in the first two chapters of the Bible, Genesis 1–2.
does a good job of this. It's a bit more concise, it's clear and an easy read for a first sentence. Thoughts? Cheers, Ben (talk) 01:13, 27 November 2008 (UTC)
- If you want to switch the two places and put the myth in the first, and then move the other one down I think would be fine, maybe even preferred. I like the phrase though as "creation myth" will be obscure to some just coming in to read, which is why I put it second. But I can switch it, that's not a bad idea. T Berg Drop a Line ޗ pls 01:22, 27 November 2008 (UTC)
- Hello, I saw this article in recent changes. I understand the rationale for using the term creation myth but I think that will likely offend readers who interpret "myth" as something untrue or invented. I suggest "creation story" for the first line, while keeping the link to creation myth. LovesMacs (talk) 07:39, 29 November 2008 (UTC)
- Whether it will offend or not is not a legitimate issue here, as Wikipedia is not censored; the question is whether the word is used accurately and the phrasing is clear. Since the linked article title is not unclear in this instance there is no reason to pipe another phrase alongside it. (Now as you can see, I piped the "Wikipedia is not censored" above, as just having the direct link would be unclear; otherwise the sentence would read Whether it will offend or not is not a legitimate issue here, as WP:CENSOR... That's a legitimate reason to pipe a wikilink, not for fear of offense. Aunt Entropy (talk) 08:33, 29 November 2008 (UTC)
Sacred History
Hey, what if at the end of the 2nd paragraph in the lead (which reads: "Creation according to Genesis is similar to Mesopotamian creation myths, differing in that it presents the theological message of Yahwistic monotheism.") we add: "For Jews and Christians this creation account is considered sacred history." (sacred history is one of the categories on this page) —Preceding unsigned comment added by Buckelz (talk • contribs) 17:01, 29 November 2008 (UTC)
- That change addresses the concerns I raised earlier about creation myths/creation stories, thank you for suggesting it. LovesMacs (talk) 04:47, 2 December 2008 (UTC)
- You seem to be discussing the question of genre, which is important of course. I assume by "sacred history" you mean what I would call mythic history - a story preserving mythic elements (origins, in this case) in the form of narrative history? PiCo (talk) 08:21, 4 December 2008 (UTC)
- I guess so. I am not really familiar with the term... i just saw the category on the page and a number of edits here led me to the article on sacred history. thanks for your follow up edits in the last few days... :) Buckelz (talk) 01:03, 5 December 2008 (UTC)
- You seem to be discussing the question of genre, which is important of course. I assume by "sacred history" you mean what I would call mythic history - a story preserving mythic elements (origins, in this case) in the form of narrative history? PiCo (talk) 08:21, 4 December 2008 (UTC)
Myth vs. Account
The change to include the assertion that the Genesis account is a "creation myth", first made a part of the visible text in the opening description of the topic at 22:37 on 26 NOV 2008, is a dogmatic assertion of a non-neutral point of view. The fact that most scholars consider it to be mythical should be established in the body of the article, but not dogmatically asserted in the opening. There are many Bible scholars who consider the Genesis account of creation to be factual and not mythical. While they are clearly in the minority, they are not an insignificant or fringe group. To be sure, there are some scholars who consider anyone who believes the creation account of Genesis to be factual to be unworthy of recognition as scholar, but that is a point of view, too. The battle between those who consider Genesis 1&2 to be mythical and those who consider it to be factual is truly a war of words, with some on each side calling their opponents fools. I suggest that the opening be returned to a neutral description of the topic. WP ought not take sides.RDavS (talk) 15:50, 6 January 2009 (UTC)
- Just because it is what scholars call a myth doesn't mean it's false. See the definition of myth. Only in casual meaning does it imply a value judgment. It's rather like the difference between the scientific and casual meaning of the word "theory". In casual use, it means "guess" or "idea". In science, it means, solid and well-supported concept. Two totally different implications of the same word. Aunt Entropy (talk) 00:34, 7 January 2009 (UTC)
- What if you changed the first sentence to read "Creation according to Genesis is the creation story or creation myth (in the academic sense)..."? LovesMacs (talk) 00:44, 7 January 2009 (UTC)
- Then we would be obligated to do this for every word that had different formal and colloquial usage, and let's face it, there are many such words in the English language. For all such words, context is important. This is an encyclopedia, and since it is generally assumed that an encyclopedia would be using words in a formal sense, this hardly seems warranted. Cheers, Ben (talk) 00:58, 7 January 2009 (UTC)
- Would we really have to do all that? I thought that this article was controversial enough to let it be the exception rather than the rule, in order to add some explanation that may not be needed with less hot-button topics. LovesMacs (talk) 01:08, 7 January 2009 (UTC)
- The article isn't controversial, in fact it's not special in any way, so giving it special treatment just opens the floodgates as I explained above. I will admit the article is a POV pusher magnet though, and since you're likely still watching the Noah's Ark talk page, you know that's all RDavS is here for - he wants language that is sympathetic to his beliefs, not neutrality. Pandering to him/her isn't going to do the article any good. If, however, you genuinely want Wikipedia to avoid using the term or to have parentheticals explain what sense we use it in, then that is a discussion for WP:NPOV or WP:MOS or something, not one articles talk page. Cheers, Ben (talk) 01:30, 7 January 2009 (UTC)
- (I just wanted to explain that when I said this article isn't controversial, I meant mainstream controversy - I don't tend to count fringe groups and pov pushers as adding controversy to a topic. Ben (talk))
- Would we really have to do all that? I thought that this article was controversial enough to let it be the exception rather than the rule, in order to add some explanation that may not be needed with less hot-button topics. LovesMacs (talk) 01:08, 7 January 2009 (UTC)
- Then we would be obligated to do this for every word that had different formal and colloquial usage, and let's face it, there are many such words in the English language. For all such words, context is important. This is an encyclopedia, and since it is generally assumed that an encyclopedia would be using words in a formal sense, this hardly seems warranted. Cheers, Ben (talk) 00:58, 7 January 2009 (UTC)
- What if you changed the first sentence to read "Creation according to Genesis is the creation story or creation myth (in the academic sense)..."? LovesMacs (talk) 00:44, 7 January 2009 (UTC)
Taken over from Talk:Creation#Creation myth vs. Creation account:
Summary of principal meanings of "Myth" as found on dictionary.reference.com, with emphasis illustrating the neutrality of the word in the context of the first book of the Bible, Genesis:
- from Dictionary.com Unabridged (v 1.1):
- "A traditional or legendary story, usually concerning some being or hero or event, with or without a determinable basis of fact or a natural explanation, esp. one that is concerned with deities or demigods and explains some practice, rite, or phenomenon of nature."
- from American Heritage Dictionary:
- "A traditional, typically ancient story dealing with supernatural beings, ancestors, or heroes that serves as a fundamental type in the worldview of a people, as by explaining aspects of the natural world or delineating the psychology, customs, or ideals of society: the myth of Eros and Psyche; a creation myth."
- from Online Etymology Dictionary:
- "Myths are "stories about divine beings, generally arranged in a coherent system; they are revered as true and sacred; they are endorsed by rulers and priests; and closely linked to religion. Once this link is broken, and the actors in the story are not regarded as gods but as human heroes, giants or fairies, it is no longer a myth but a folktale. Where the central actor is divine but the story is trivial ... the result is religious legend, not myth." (J. Simpson & S. Roud, "Dictionary of English Folklore," Oxford, 2000, p.254)"
- from Wordnet:
- "A traditional story accepted as history; serves to explain the world view of a people"
- from Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary:
- "A story of great but unknown age which originally embodied a belief regarding some fact or phenomenon of experience, and in which often the forces of nature and of the soul are personified; an ancient legend of a god, a hero, the origin of a race, etc.; a wonder story of prehistoric origin; a popular fable which is, or has been, received as historical."
Looks like the word was specially created for this. - DVdm (talk) 07:41, 17 February 2009 (UTC)
- ↑ The Rabbinical Council of America notes that significant Jewish authorities have maintained that evolutionary theory, properly understood, is not incompatible with belief in a Divine Creator, nor with the first 2 chapters of Genesis.
- ↑ The High Council of B'nei Noah a sub-court of the developing Sanhedrin: Science and Religion: A proper perspective through an understanding of Hebrew sources
- ↑ Aish HaTorah According to a possible reading of ancient commentators' description of God and nature, the world may be simultaneously young and old.
- ↑ Rashi's commentary on Genesis 1:1:
In the beginning of God’s creation of (Hebrew: בְּרֵאשִית בָּרָא). This verse calls for a midrashic interpretation [because according to its simple interpretation, the vowelization of the word בָּרָא, should be different, as Rashi explains further]. It teaches us that the sequence of the Creation as written is impossible, as is written immediately below] as our Rabbis stated (Letters of Rabbi Akiva, second letter; Genesis Rabbah 1:6; Leviticus Rabbah 36:4): [God created the world] for the sake of the Torah, which is called (Proverbs 8:22): “the beginning of His way,” and for the sake of Israel, who are called (Jeremiah 2:3) “the first of His grain.” But if you wish to explain it according to its simple meaning, explain it thus: “At the beginning of the creation of heaven and earth, the earth was astonishing with emptiness, and darkness…and God said, ‘Let there be light.’” But Scripture did not come to teach the sequence of the Creation, to say that these came first, for if it came to teach this, it should have written:“At first (Hebrew: בָּרִאשׁוֹנָה) He created the heavens and the earth,” for there is no רֵאשִׁית in Scripture that is not connected to the following word, [i.e., in the construct state] like (ibid. 27:1):“In the beginning of (Hebrew: בְּרֵאשִית) the reign of Jehoiakim” ; (below 10:10)“the beginning of (Hebrew: רֵאשִׁית) his reign” ; (Deuteronomy 18:4)“the first (Hebrew: רֵאשִׁית) of your grain...” Here too, you say בְּרֵאשִׁית בָּרָא אלֹהִים, like בְּרֵאשִׁית בְּרֹא, in the beginning of creating. And similar to this is,“At the beginning of the Lord’s speaking (Hebrew: דִּבֶּר) to Hosea,” (Hosea 1:2), i.e., at the beginning of the speaking (Hebrew: דִּבּוּרוֹ) of the Holy One, Blessed be He, to Hosea, “the Lord said to Hosea, etc.” Now if you say that it came to teach that these (i.e., heaven and earth) were created first, and that its meaning is: In the beginning of all, He created these-and that there are elliptical verses that omit one word, like (Job 3:9): “For [He] did not shut the doors of my [mother’s] womb,” and it does not explain who it was who shut [the womb]; and like (Isaiah 8:4): “he will carry off the wealth of Damascus,” and it does not explain who will carry it off; and like (Amos 6:12): “or will one plow with cattle,” and it does not explain: “if a man will plow with cattle” ; and like (Isaiah. 46: 10): “telling the end from the beginning,” and it does not explain that [it means] telling the end of a matter from the beginning of a matter-if so, [if you say that Scripture indicates the order of creation] be astounded at yourself, for the water preceded, as it is written: “and the spirit of God hovered over the face of the water,” and Scripture did not yet disclose when the creation of water took place! From this you learn that the water preceded the earth. Moreover, the heavens were created from fire and water. Perforce, you must admit that Scripture did not teach us anything about the sequence of the earlier and the later [acts of creation].
God’s creation of the heavens and the earth But it does not say “of the Lord’s creation of” (i.e., it should say “of the Lord God’s creation of” as below 2:4 “on the day that the Lord God made earth and heaven”) for in the beginning it was His intention to create it with the Divine Standard of Justice, but he perceived that the world would not endure; so He preceded it with the Divine Standard of Mercy, allying it with the Divine Standard of Justice, and that is the reason it is written:“on the day the Lord God made earth and heaven.” - ↑ Genesis 1:1–2:3
- ↑ Genesis 2:4–25
- ↑ Block, Daniel I. (2001). "Recovering the voice of Moses: the genesis of Deuteronomy" (PDF). Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society. 44 (3): 385–408. Retrieved 2008-02-15.
As already noted, in pre-critical Jewish and Christian traditions the predominant interpretation ascribed the authorship of the Pentateuch as a whole and of Deuteronomy in particular to Moses. In fact, many maintained that the entire Torah was dictated by God to Moses, and this remains the position held by many preachers in evangelical churches, not to mention the lay people in the pews—though some would concede that a later writer (perhaps Joshua) may have added Deuteronomy 34. (page 387)
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help) - ↑ For a comprehensive overview of the documentary hypothesis, see "Documentary Hypothesis" and "Development of the Documentary Hypothesis", both from the University of Maryland.
- ↑ Isaac Asimov, In the Beginning...Science Faces God in The Book of Genesis, 1981
- ↑ Stone 17