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Recognition of crimes against the Ingush people

The deportation of the Ingush people was a Soviet operation carried out by the NKVD in 1944, during which Chechens and Ingush were forcibly relocated from the Checheno-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic to Central Asia.

Background

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From 23 February to 9 March 1944, Soviet authorities deported most of the Ingush and Chechen population--estimated at about 650,000 people--[citation needed]to Central Asia. The Soviet government stated that the deportation was carried out because of alleged collaboration with Nazi Germany.[citation needed]

The operation was known as Operation Lentil.[1] During the deportation, some people were killed by the NKVD forces.[citation needed] After the operation, the Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was abolished,[citation needed] and its territory was redistributed among neighboring administrative units. According to witnesses, before the deportation, security forces raped women and girls in public.[citation needed] Approximately one-third of all deportees died during transit or in the first months of resettlement in the new territories due to harsh weather, food shortages, and limited access to medical care.[2][3][4]

In Russia, February 23 is observed as "Defender of the Fatherland Day," but the Ingush refer to it as "the black day of the calendar."[citation needed][5]

On January 7, 2023, in Istanbul, Ahmad Ozdo (Ozdoev), a representative of the Ingush Independence Committee (IIC), together with Ingush activists, announced the Declaration of Independence of Ingushetia, calling for international recognition of the 1944 deportation and condemnation of the 1992 events in Ingushetia.[6][7]

World recognition

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Assessments of the deportation and its legal classification differ among scholars and institutions. Objective statistics on the number of victims and survivors are unavailable, and the international community has offered no formal response.[citation needed] On February 26, 2004, the European Parliament recognized the deportation as an act of genocide[citation needed]. Other international bodies have not adopted the same position.[8][9][10]

Following a small demonstration in front of the Federal Security Service headquarters in Moscow, police dispersed the crowd and briefly detained Lev Ponomaryov, head of the Movement for Human Rights, and Nikolai Khramov, leader of the Russian Radical Party. [citation needed] A gathering of human rights defenders near the Solovetsky Stone on Troitskaya Square in St. Petersburg was disrupted by provocations from self-described skinheads.[citation needed] A ceremony at Saratov's central mosque, organized by Chechen and Ingush religious and cultural figures, with the participation of Russian community leaders and activists, also occurred. Civil society organizations in Nazran issued a statement in support of Olivier Dupuy's hunger strike.[11]

In 2012, human rights activist Ibrahim Lianov submitted an appeal to the Georgian Parliament asking it to recognize the 1944 deportation as genocide.[12][13][14]

Ukraine's recognition and reaction

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In 2023, several members of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine introduced a bill recognizing the Ingush people's right to statehood.[15] The bill also condemned the 1944 deportation and the division of territories inhabited by the Ingush. The authors stated that the bill was intended to support the Ingush people's right to restore their territorial integrity.[15]

The draft law was proposed by deputies from multiple political factions, including Servant of the People, For the Future, Batkivshchyna, European Solidarity, and Voice.[citation needed] Among the Members of Parliament are Yaroslav Yurchyshyn, chairman of the Verkhovna Rada Committee on Freedom of Speech and chairman of the Temporary Special Commission on the Development of State Policy on the Enslaved Peoples of the Russian Federation; Mykyta Poturayev, chairman of the Committee on Humanitarian and Information Policy; and Valentyn Nalyvaichenko, secretary of the Committee on Ukraine's Integration into the EU.[citation needed] Both Ukrainian Members of Parliament and legal experts participated in drafting the bill. Among them were Ukrainian international lawyer Professor Volodymyr Vasylenko and Ansar Garhko, chairman of the Ingush Independence Committee (IIC). The drafting process reportedly took about six months.[16]

In December 2023, a resolution recognizing the Ingush genocide was introduced. On February 23, 2024, the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine adopted the draft resolution titled "On Recognition of the Right of the Ingush People to Establish an Independent Sovereign National State, Condemnation of Russia's Crimes against the Ingush and Restoration of the Territorial Integrity of Ingushetia" (registration no. 10344, dated 14, December 2023). The resolution was submitted by the People's Deputy of Ukraine Taruta S.O. and other deputies.[17]

The resolution condemned Russia's actions against the Ingush, including the deportation in 1944, the division of Ingush-inhabited territory, the destruction of Ingush national identity, and the 1992 killings of the Ingush. It also called for recognition of the Ingush people's right to an independent sovereign state, restoration of territorial integrity, and international solidarity. 248 deputies voted in favor of the resolution.[18][19][20]

The Verkhovna Rada parliament instructed the chairman, Ruslan Stefanchuk, to send the resolution to all members of the international community and urge them to support the Ingush people and condemn Russia's crimes against the Ingush.[citation needed]

On February 28, 2024, the Resolution of the International Conference dedicated to the 80th anniversary of the deportation of the Chechen and Ingush peoples was unanimously adopted in Kyiv.[21]

References

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  1. ↑ Chambers, Harold (23 February 2024). "80 Years Later, Deportation of Chechen and Ingush Peoples Shapes the North Caucasus". The Moscow Times. Retrieved 4 June 2026.
  2. ↑ "80 Years Later, Deportation of Chechen and Ingush Peoples Shapes the North Caucasus". 23 February 2024.
  3. ↑ "The Massive Deportation of the Chechen People: How and why Chechens were Deported". 29 April 2019.
  4. ↑ "У річницю депортації інгушів Рада підтримала постанову на підтримку незалежності Інгушетії". Радіо Свобода. 23 February 2024.(in Ukrainian)
  5. ↑ "For Small-Numbered Populations, the Russian State Rewrites History and Denies Memory". 16 February 2024.
  6. ↑ "Кримчани та інгуші: як народи, що потрапили під російську окупацію, відстоюють право на свободу".(in Ukrainian)
  7. ↑ "Інгуські активісти оголосили курс на незалежність Інгушетії". 12 January 2023.(in Ukrainian)
  8. ↑ "EVENT IN THE MEMORY OF THE 72ND ANNIVERSARY OF THE DEPORTATION OF CHECHEN AND INGUSH PEOPLE".
  9. ↑ "80 years of deportation of the Chechens and Ingush". 23 February 2024. Archived from the original on 17 March 2024. Retrieved 17 March 2024.
  10. ↑ "Европейский парламент признал "геноцидом" сталинскую депортацию чеченцев и ингушей в Центральную Азию и Сибирь в 1944 году". Радио Свобода. 15 May 2011.(in Russian)
  11. ↑ "Europe Remembers".
  12. ↑ "Ingushetia asks for recognition of genocide".
  13. ↑ "Грузинський парламент обговорить визнання геноциду інгушів". 7 February 2012.(in Ukrainian)
  14. ↑ "Обращение ингушского народа к парламенту Грузии с просьбой о признании геноцида". Archived from the original on 17 March 2024. Retrieved 17 March 2024.(in Russian)
  15. 1 2 "Parliament supports restoration of territorial integrity of Ingushetia". Ukrainian National News (UNN). 23 February 2024. Retrieved 4 June 2026.
  16. ↑ "Закон на перспективу? В Украине предложили признать право ингушей на независимость".(in Russian)
  17. ↑ "Визнання геноциду інгушського народу".(in Ukrainian)
  18. ↑ "Ukraine recognises Ingushetia's right to self-determination". 27 February 2024.
  19. ↑ "Проект Постанови про визнання права інгуського народу на створення незалежної суверенної національної держави, засудження злочинів Росії проти інгушів та відновлення територіальної цілісності Інгушетії".(in Ukrainian)
  20. ↑ "Рада признала право народа Ингушетии на создание независимого национального государства".(in Russian)
  21. ↑ "The Resolution of the International Conference dedicated to the 80th anniversary of the deportation of the Chechen and Ingush nations". Anti-imperial Block of Nations. 5 March 2024.[dead link]
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