Category:Scientists by former country

• Chemists by former country (7 C)
• Astronomers by former country (18 C)
• Biologists by former country (12 C)
• Economists by former country (7 C)
• Engineers by former country (22 C)
• Geographers by former country (10 C)
• Mathematicians by former country (23 C)
• Medical doctors by former country (43 C)
• Naturalists by former country (9 C)

+

• Scientists of the medieval Islamic world by state (5 C)

A

• Scientists from the Abbasid Caliphate (3 C, 1 P)
• Scientists from al-Andalus (5 C, 2 P)
• Ancient Egyptian scientists (3 C, 1 P)
• Ancient Greek scientists (10 C)
• Ancient Roman scientists (4 C, 3 P)
• Scientists from the Austrian Empire (22 C, 42 P)
• Scientists from Austria-Hungary (16 C, 92 P)

B

• Scientists from Bohemia (7 C, 29 P)
• Scientists from British India (6 C, 26 P)
• Scientists from the Duchy of Brunswick (1 C, 33 P)
• Byzantine scientists (4 C, 1 P)

C

• Cape Colony scientists (4 C, 11 P)
• Carniolan scientists (12 C, 4 P)
• Czechoslovak scientists (11 C, 17 P)

D

• Scientists from Denmark–Norway (16 P)

E

• East German scientists (2 C, 40 P)

F

• Scientists from the Fatimid Caliphate (2 C)

G

• Scientists from the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria (14 P)
• Scientists from the Republic of Geneva (9 C, 1 P)
• Scientists from the Republic of Genoa (9 P)

H

• Scientists from the Holy Roman Empire (20 C)
• Scientists from the Habsburg Netherlands (1 C, 8 P)

K

• Korean scientists (11 C)

M

• Scientists from the Principality of Moldavia (4 P)

N

• Scientists from the Kingdom of Naples (1 C, 24 P)

O

• Scientists from the Ottoman Empire (14 C, 3 P)

P

• Scientists from the Papal States (1 C, 34 P)
• Scientists from the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (5 C, 5 P)
• Scientists from the Kingdom of Prussia (16 C, 67 P)

R

• Rhodesian scientists (2 C, 2 P)
• Scientists from the Tsardom of Russia (3 P)
• Scientists from the Russian Empire (31 C, 44 P)

S

• Scientists from the Kingdom of Saxony (43 P)
• Scientists from the Kingdom of Sardinia (1 C, 33 P)
• Scientists from the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies (37 P)
• Scientists from the Kingdom of Sicily (9 P)
• Soviet scientists (22 C, 89 P)
• Scientists from the Spanish Netherlands (5 C, 3 P)

T

• Scientists from the Thirteen Colonies (5 C)
• Scientists from the Grand Duchy of Tuscany (25 P)

U

• Scientists from the Umayyad Caliphate (1 C)

V

• Scientists from the Republic of Venice (2 C, 35 P)

W

• Scientists from the Principality of Wallachia (4 P)

Y

• Yugoslav scientists (14 C, 9 P)