Independence: 12 October 1999, from Georgia (country) Republic of Georgia

Flags and Full Names

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FromToFlagFull Name
12 October 1999DateAbkhaziaRepublic of Abkhazia

Capitals

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FromToCapital
12 October 1999DateSukhumi
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Independence: 19 August 1919, from United Kingdom United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

Flags and Full Names

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FromToFlagFull Name
19 August 191915 June 1921AfghanistanEmirate of Afghanistan
15 June 192115 June 1928Afghanistan
15 June 192815 September 1928
15 September 192817 January 1929Afghanistan
17 January 192913 October 1929Afghanistan
13 October 192931 October 1930AfghanistanKingdom of Afghanistan
31 October 193017 July 1973Afghanistan
17 July 19739 May 1974AfghanistanRepublic of Afghanistan
9 May 197430 April 1978Afghanistan
30 April 197819 October 1978AfghanistanDemocratic Republic of Afghanistan
19 October 197815 June 1979Afghanistan
15 June 197930 November 1987Afghanistan
30 November 198726 April 1992AfghanistanRepublic of Afghanistan
26 April 19922 December 1992Islamic State of Afghanistan
2 December 199226 September 1996Afghanistan
26 September 199627 October 1997Afghanistan
Islamic State of Afghanistan
Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan
Disputed
27 October 19977 December 2001Afghanistan
Afghanistan
Disputed
7 December 200113 June 2002AfghanistanIslamic State of Afghanistan
13 June 200226 January 2004AfghanistanTransitional Islamic State of Afghanistan
26 January 2004DateAfghanistanIslamic Republic of Afghanistan

Capitals

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FromToHead of State
AfghanistanAfghanistan Emirs of the Emirate of Afghanistan
19 August 19199 June 1926Amānullāh Khān
AfghanistanAfghanistan Kings of the Emirate of Afghanistan
9 June 192614 January 1929Amānullāh Khān
14 January 192917 January 1929Inayatullah Khan
Afghanistan Emirs of the Emirate of Afghanistan
17 January 192917 October 1929Habibullāh Kalakāni
AfghanistanAfghanistan Kings of the Kingdom of Afghanistan
17 October 19298 November 1933Mohammed Nadir Shah
8 November 193317 July 1973Mohammed Zahir Shah
AfghanistanAfghanistan Presidents of the Republic of Afghanistan
17 July 197327 April 1978Mohammed Daoud Khan
Afghanistan Chairmen of the Military Revolutionary Council of the Republic of Afghanistan
27 April 197830 April 1978Abdul Qadir Dagarwal
AfghanistanAfghanistanAfghanistan Presidents of the Revolutionary Council of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan
30 April 197814 September 1979Nur Muhammad Taraki
14 September 197927 December 1979Hafizullah Amin
27 December 197924 November 1986Babrak Karmal
24 November 198630 September 1987Haji Mohammad Chamkani
30 September 198730 November 1987Mohammad Najibullah
Afghanistan Presidents of the Republic of Afghanistan
30 November 198716 April 1992Mohammad Najibullah
16 April 199228 April 1992Abdul Rahim Hatef
Afghanistan Presidents of the Islamic State of Afghanistan
28 April 199228 June 1992Sibghatullah Mojaddedi
28 June 199222 December 2001Burhanuddin Rabbani
Afghanistan Heads of the Supreme Council of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan
27 September 199613 November 2001Mohammed Omar
Afghanistan Chairmen of the Interim Administration of the Islamic State of Afghanistan
22 December 200119 June 2002Hamid Karzai
Afghanistan Presidents of the Transitional Islamic State of Afghanistan
19 June 200226 January 2004Hamid Karzai
Afghanistan Presidents of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan
26 January 2004DateHamid Karzai
FromToHead of Government
AfghanistanAfghanistan Chief Ministers of the Emirate of Afghanistan
11 August 191925 October 1927Abdul Kuddus Khan
AfghanistanAfghanistanAfghanistan Prime Ministers of the Emirate of Afghanistan
25 October 192717 January 1929Sardar Shir Ahmad
17 January 19291 November 1929Shir Giyan
AfghanistanAfghanistan Prime Ministers of the Kingdom of Afghanistan
1 November 192915 May 1946Mohammad Hashim Khan
15 May 19467 September 1953Shah Mahmud Khan
7 September 195310 March 1963Mohammed Daoud Khan
10 March 19632 November 1965Mohammad Yusuf
2 November 196511 October 1967Mohammad Hashim Maiwandwal
11 October 19671 November 1967Abdullah Yaqta
1 November 19679 June 1971Mohammad Nur Ahmad Etemadi
9 June 197112 December 1972Abdul Zahir
12 December 197217 July 1973Mohammad Musa Shafiq
AfghanistanAfghanistan Prime Ministers of the Republic of Afghanistan
17 July 19731 May 1978Vacant
AfghanistanAfghanistanAfghanistan Prime Ministers of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan
1 May 197827 March 1979Nur Muhammad Taraki
27 March 197927 December 1979Hafizullah Amin
27 December 197911 June 1981Babrak Karmal
11 June 198130 November 1987Sultan Ali Keshtmand
Afghanistan Prime Ministers of the Republic of Afghanistan
30 November 198726 May 1988Sultan Ali Keshtmand
26 May 198821 February 1989Mohammad Hasan Sharq
21 February 19898 May 1990Sultan Ali Keshtmand
8 May 199015 April 1992Fazal Haq Khaliqyar
Afghanistan Prime Ministers of the Islamic State of Afghanistan
15 April 19926 July 1992Vacant
6 July 199215 August 1992Abdul Sabur Farid Kohistani
15 August 199217 June 1993Vacant
17 June 199328 June 1994Gulbuddin Hekmatyar
28 June 199415 June 1995Arsala Rahmani
15 June 199526 June 1996Ahmad Shah Ahmadzai
26 June 199611 August 1996Gulbuddin Hekmatyar
11 August 199621 August 1997Abdul Rahim Ghafoorzai
21 August 199730 September 1997Ravan A. G. Farhâdi
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Indepdendence: 20 October 1944, from Nazi Germany Greater German Reich

Flags and Full Names

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Capitals

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FromToCapital
20 October 1944DateTirana
FromToHead of Government
Prime Ministers of the Democratic Government of Albania
22 October 19441 January 1946Enver Hoxha
Albania Chairmen of the Council of Ministers of the People's Republic of Albania
1 January 194620 July 1954Enver Hoxha
20 July 195428 December 1976Mehmet Shehu
Albania Chairmen of the Council of Ministers of the Socialist People's Republic of Albania
28 December 197618 December 1981Mehmet Shehu
18 December 198122 February 1991Adil Çarçani
Albania Prime Ministers of the Republic of Albania
22 February 19915 June 1991Fatos Nano
5 June 199110 December 1991Ylli Bufi
10 December 199113 April 1992Vilson Ahmeti
13 April 199211 March 1997Aleksandër Meksi
11 March 199724 July 1997Bashkim Fino
24 July 19972 October 1998Fatos Nano
2 October 199829 October 1999Pandeli Majko
29 October 199922 February 2002Ilir Meta
22 February 200231 July 2002Pandeli Majko
31 July 200211 September 2005Fatos Nano
11 September 2005DateSali Berisha
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Indepdendence: 5 July 1962, from France French Republic

Flags and Full Names

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Capitals

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FromToCapital
5 July 1962DateAlgiers
FromToHead of State
Algeria Chairmen of the Provisional Executive of the Algerian State
5 July 196225 September 1962Abderrahmane Farès
Algeria Chairmen of the National Constituent Assembly of the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria
25 September 196227 September 1962Ferhat Abbas
Algeria Presidents of the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria
27 September 196219 June 1965Ahmed Ben Bella
Algeria Chairmen of the Revolutionary Council of the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria
19 June 196512 December 1976Houari Boumediene
Algeria Presidents of the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria
12 December 197627 December 1978Houari Boumediene
27 December 19789 February 1979Rabah Bitat
9 February 197911 January 1992Chadli Benjedid
Algeria Chairmen of the Constitutional Council of the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria
11 January 199214 January 1992Abdelmalek Benhabyles
Algeria Chairmen of the High State Committee of the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria
14 January 199229 June 1992Mohamed Boudiaf
2 July 199231 January 1994Ali Kafi
Algeria Heads of state of the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria
31 January 199427 November 1995Liamine Zéroual
Algeria Presidents of the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria
27 November 199527 April 1999Liamine Zéroual
27 April 1999DateAbdelaziz Bouteflika
FromToHead of Government
Algeria Presidents of the Provisional Government of the Algerian State
5 July 196227 September 1962Benyoucef Benkhedda
Algeria Prime Ministers of the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria
27 September 196220 September 1963Ahmed Ben Bella
20 September 19638 March 1979Vacant
8 March 197922 January 1984Mohamed Ben Ahmed Abdelghani
22 January 19845 November 1988Abdelhamid Brahimi
5 November 19889 September 1989Kasdi Merbah
9 September 19895 June 1991Mouloud Hamrouche
5 June 19918 July 1992Sid Ahmed Ghozali
8 July 199221 August 1993Belaid Abdessalam
21 August 199311 April 1994Redha Malek
11 April 199431 December 1995Mokdad Sifi
31 December 199515 December 1998Ahmed Ouyahia
15 December 199823 December 1999Smail Hamdani
23 December 199927 August 2000Ahmed Benbitour
27 August 20005 May 2003Ali Benflis
5 May 200324 May 2006Ahmed Ouyahia
24 May 200623 June 2008Abdelaziz Belkhadem
23 June 20083 September 2012Ahmed Ouyahia
3 September 2012DateAbdelmalek Sellal
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Independence: 8 September 1278, from Crown of Aragon
Annexation: 1396, by Crown of Aragon
Independence: 1396, from Crown of Aragon
Annexation: 1512, by Crown of Aragon
Independence: 1513, from Crown of Aragon
Annexation: 26 January 1812, by France Empire of the French
Independence: 1 December 1813, from France Empire of the French

Flags and Full Names

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Capitals

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FromToEpiscopal Co-PrinceFrench Co-Prince
Principality of Andorra
8 September 127812 January 1293Pere d'UrtxRoger-Bernard III, Count of Foix
12 January 129319 January 1295Vacant
19 January 12953 March 1302Guillem de Montcada
3 March 13023 November 1308Gaston I, Count of Foix
3 November 130829 July 1309Vacant
29 July 130913 December 1315Ramon Trebaylla
13 December 131512 May 1326Gaston II, Count of Foix
27 June 13263 October 1341Arnau de Llordà
17 December 1341September 1343Pere de Narbona
September 13431344Gaston III, Count of Foix
134412 June 1348Vacant
12 June 134817 December 1350Nicola Capocci
17 December 135025 October 1351Vacant
25 October 135120 February 1361Hugó Desbach
12 January 136229 June 1364Guillem Arnau
29 June 136410 February 1365Vacant
10 February 13651370Pere de Luna
13703 May 1387Berenguer d'Erill
3 May 138711 March 1388Vacant
11 March 13881391Galcerand de Vilanova
13911396Matthew, Count of Foix
Principality of Andorra
13961398Galcerand de VilanovaMatthew, Count of Foix
13981412Isabella, Countess of Foix
141215 April 1415John I, Count of Foix
15 November 141514 April 1436Francesc de Toviá
14 April 14364 May 1436Vacant
4 May 143619 July 1437Gaston IV, Count of Foix
19 July 14371447Arnau de Pallars
144714 December 1457Arnau de Pallars
Miquel d'Épila
Disputed
14 December 145716 August 1461Arnau de Pallars
23 September 14611 December 1466Jaime Cardona
1 December 146627 December 1467Vacant
27 December 146727 July 1472Roderic de Borja
27 July 147211 December 1472Francis Phoebus of Navarre
11 December 14727 January 1483Pere de Cardona
7 January 148314 June 1484Catherine of Navarre
14 June 14841512Catherine of Navarre
John III of Navarre
Principality of Andorra
15138 January 1515Pere de CardonaCatherine of Navarre
John III of Navarre
18 April 151526 June 1516Joan Despés
26 June 151611 February 1517Catherine of Navarre
11 February 151724 October 1530Henry II of Navarre
24 October 153015 May 1532Vacant
15 May 153210 January 1533Pedro de Urríes
10 January 15338 June 1534Vacant
8 June 153426 October 1551Francesc de Urríes
26 October 155122 October 1552Joan Punyet
22 October 155229 May 1555Miquel Despuig
29 May 155513 April 1556Jeanne d'Albret
Antoine of Navarre
24 April 155623 September 1560Joan García
23 September 15608 August 1561Vacant
8 August 156117 November 1562Pere de Castellet
17 November 15621 February 1571Jeanne d'Albret
1 February 15719 June 1572Vacant
9 June 15724 July 1576Joan DimasHenry IV of France
4 July 157621 February 1578Vacant
21 February 157823 August 1579Miquel Jeroni
23 August 15799 May 1580Vacant
9 May 15808 December 1586Hugó de Montcada
8 December 158629 January 1588Vacant
29 January 158822 September 1609Andreu Capella
22 September 160914 May 1610Vacant
14 May 161026 May 1610Louis XIII of France
26 May 161024 February 1620Bernat de Salbà
24 February 16208 August 1622Vacant
8 August 16223 January 1627Luís de Armendáriz
17 May 162721 February 1632Antonio Pérez
21 February 16329 January 1634Vacant
9 January 163414 May 1643Pau Duran
14 May 164318 February 1651Louis XIV of France
Anne of Austria
18 February 16517 September 1651Vacant
7 September 165125 October 1655Louis XIV of France
25 October 165526 November 1663Joan de Espinosa
23 June 166429 April 1670Melcior Palau
29 April 167022 December 1670Vacant
22 December 167016 March 1681Pere de Copons
16 March 168116 February 1682Vacant
16 February 168216 August 1688Joan Desbach
16 August 168823 May 1689Vacant
23 May 168919 October 1694Oleguer de Montserrat
19 October 16944 July 1695Vacant
4 July 169517 January 1714Julià Cano
17 September 17141 September 1715Simeó de Guinda
1 September 171522 February 1723Louis XV of France
Philippe II, Duke of Orléans
22 February 172327 August 1737Louis XV of France
27 August 17375 May 1738Vacant
5 May 173812 May 1747Jordi Curado
15 May 17472 October 1756Sebastià de Victoria
20 October 17566 May 1757Vacant
6 May 17578 September 1762Francesc Catalán
8 September 176221 March 1763Vacant
21 March 176322 April 1771Francesc de Xátiva
11 November 177110 May 1774Joaquín de Santiyán
10 May 17741 March 1779Louis XVI of France
1 March 177918 September 1780Vacant
18 September 178023 May 1783Juan de García
23 May 178314 February 1785Vacant
14 February 178521 September 1792Josep de Boltas
21 September 17928 December 1795Vacant
8 December 179524 July 1797Vacant
24 July 179727 March 1806Francesc Antoni de la Dueña y Cisneros
27 March 180626 January 1812Napoleon
AndorraAndorra Principality of Andorra
1 December 181311 April 1814Francesc Antoni de la Dueña y CisnerosNapoleon
11 April 181420 March 1815Louis XVIII of France
20 March 181522 June 1815Napoleon
2 June 18157 July 1815Napoleon II
7 July 181523 September 1816Louis XVIII of France
23 September 181627 July 1817Vacant
27 July 181716 September 1824Bernat Caballero
16 September 182421 May 1827Bonifaci LópezCharles X of France
25 June 18272 August 1830Simó de Guardiola
2 August 183024 February 1848Louis Philippe I
24 February 184822 August 1851Napoleon III
22 August 185130 March 1853Vacant
30 March 18534 September 1870Josep Caixal i Estradé
4 September 187024 May 1873Adolphe Thiers
24 May 187330 January 1879Patrice de Mac-Mahon, Duke of Magenta
30 January 187926 August 1879Jules Grévy
26 August 18792 December 1887Salvador Casañas y Pagés
2 December 188725 June 1894Marie François Sadi Carnot
25 June 189416 January 1895Jean Casimir-Perier
16 January 189516 February 1899Félix Faure
16 February 189924 September 1901Émile Loubet
24 September 190127 December 1901Ramon Riu
27 December 19012 January 1902Vacant
2 January 19029 June 1902Toribio Martín
9 June 190218 February 1906Joan Laguarda
18 February 19066 December 1906Armand Fallières
6 December 190611 July 1907Josep Pujargimzú
11 July 19072 July 1919Juan Benlloch i Vivó
18 February 19132 July 1919Raymond Poincaré
2 July 19199 January 1920Jaume Viladrich
9 January 192018 February 1920Justí Guitart i Vilardebó
18 February 192021 September 1920Paul Deschanel
21 September 192011 June 1924Alexandre Millerand
11 June 192413 June 1931Gaston Doumergue
13 June 19317 May 1932Paul Doumer
7 May 193211 July 1940Albert François Lebrun
11 July 194031 January 1940Philippe Pétain
31 January 19404 April 1943Ricard Fornesa
4 April 194320 August 1944Ramon Iglesias i Navarri
20 August 194420 January 1946Charles de Gaulle
20 January 194624 June 1946Félix Gouin
24 June 194628 November 1946Georges Bidault
28 November 194616 January 1947Léon Blum
16 January 194716 January 1954Vincent Auriol
16 January 19548 January 1959René Coty
8 January 195928 April 1969Charles de Gaulle
28 April 196919 June 1969Georges Pompidou
19 June 196931 January 1971Ramon Malla Call
31 January 19712 April 1974Joan Martí i Alanis
2 April 197421 May 1981Valéry Giscard d'Estaing
21 May 198117 May 1995François Mitterrand
17 May 199512 May 2003Jacques Chirac
12 May 200316 May 2007Joan Enric Vives Sicília
16 May 200715 May 2012Nicolas Sarkozy
15 May 2012DateFrançois Hollande
FromToEpiscopal RepresentativeFrench Representative
Vicars of the Principality of Andorra
15721602UnknownRoc Godofré
1602c. 1605Isidoro d'Aguilar
c. 16051628Unknown
1628c. 1640Jean de Prétianne
c. 16401646Unknown
164629 October 1662Armand-Jean du Peyré
29 October 16621664Jérôme de Fornier
1664c. 1682Armanter Aguilar
c. 1682c. 1700Unknown
c. 1700c. 1708Unknown
c. 1708c. 1721François Moreau
c. 1721c. 1735Unkown
c. 17351737Jean de Perpère
17371748Antoni Fiter
174815 September 1763Unknown
15 September 17631777Guillem Moles
17681777Vacant
17771780Guillem Areny
17801783Louis Auguste Le Tonnelier de Breteuil
178314 October 1788Unknown
14 October 17881789Josep Montou
17891791Mateu Moles
179115 October 1806Vacant
15 October 180626 January 1812Joseph Pilhes
AndorraAndorra Vicars of the Principality of Andorra
1 December 181322 October 1820Mateu MolesJoseph Pilhes
22 October 1820c. 1825Pierre de Roussillon
c. 182518 January 1835Unknown
18 January 18351845Lucien de Saint André
18451858Bonaventura Riba
1858c. 1861Guillem Torres
c. 1861c. 1864Manuel Amalot
c. 186424 October 1867Antoni Rossell
24 October 18679 August 1868Henri de Foix
9 August 18682 February 1880Pere Dallerès
2 February 188022 January 1881Joseph-Léopold de Foix
22 January 18811 July 1881Pere Canturri
1 July 188122 January 1882Josep Oriol
22 January 188223 February 1882Mancini
23 February 18823 July 1882Joseph-Léopold de Foix
3 July 188227 July 1882Bonaventure Vigo
27 July 188216 April 1885Francesc Pallerola
16 April 18857 June 1886Antoni Cerqueda
7 June 18868 November 1886Jacques Varenne
8 November 188615 March 1887Francesc Pallerola
15 March 188717 May 1915Charles Romeu
17 May 1915March 1933Joseph de Riba
March 19333 July 1933Henri Samalens
3 July 19333 February 1934Enric de Llorens
3 February 19341936Jaume Sansa
193630 November 1937Francesc Cairat
30 November 19372 December 1940Jaume SansaJean-Baptiste Laumond
2 December 194014 September 1944Jules Lamastres
14 September 19445 May 1945Robert Barran
5 May 194523 August 1947Georges Degrand
23 August 194721 June 1952André Bertrand
21 June 195220 June 1956Guy Menant
20 June 195620 November 1958Yves Michel
20 November 195827 July 1961Jean de Lageneste
27 July 196112 August 1964Étienne Vaysset
12 August 196424 September 1970Roger Vincenot
24 September 197019 April 1972Hubert Dubois
19 April 19724 May 1993Francesc Badia
11 December 197221 June 1977Claude-François Rostain
21 June 197729 August 1980André Prunet-Foch
29 August 198018 February 1982René Lalouette
18 February 1982December 1984Henri de Coignac
December 19841989Louis Deblé
19894 May 1993Jean-Pierre Courtois
Andorra Representatives of the Principality of Andorra
4 May 199313 September 1993Nemesi Marqués OsteJean-Pierre Courtois
13 September 199317 February 1997Jean-Yves Caullet
17 February 199725 May 1999Pierre de Florian
25 May 199926 July 2002Frédéric de Saint-Sernin
26 July 200231 May 2007Philippe Massoni
31 May 200724 September 2008Emmanuelle Mignon
24 September 200820 July 2012Christian Frémont
21 May 201220 July 2012Sylvie Hubac
20 July 2012DateJosep Maria Mauri
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