Premiers of Hong Kong | ||||||||
| No. | Portrait | Name | Election | Took office | Left office | Party | Monarch | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Martin Lee 李柱銘 MLC for Hong Kong Island East (born 1938) |
1995 | 1 July 1997 | 12 August 2007 | Democratic | Elizabeth II r. 1952–2022 | ||
| 1998 | ||||||||
| 2000 | ||||||||
| 2004 | ||||||||
| 10 years, 43 days | ||||||||
| 2 | Albert Ho 何俊仁 MLC for New Territories West (born 1951) |
— | 12 August 2007 | 10 December 2014 | Democratic | |||
| 2008 | ||||||||
| 2012 | ||||||||
| 7 years, 121 days | ||||||||
| 3 | Emily Lau 劉慧卿 MLC for New Territories East (born 1952) |
— | 10 December 2014 | 4 December 2019 | Democratic | |||
| 2016 | ||||||||
| 4 years, 360 days | ||||||||
| 4 | Wu Chi-wai 胡志偉 MLC for Kowloon North-east (born 1962) |
— | 4 December 2019 | 6 December 2024 | Democratic | |||
| 2021 | Charles III r. 2022–present | |||||||
| 5 years, 3 days | ||||||||
| 5 | Lo Kin-hei 羅健熙 MLC for Hong Kong Island South (born 1984) |
— | 6 December 2024 | Incumbent | Democratic | |||
| 2025 | ||||||||
| 1 year, 183 days | ||||||||
Prime ministers
edit- Whig (16)
- Tory (10)
- Conservative (18)
- Labour (7)
- Liberal (7)
- National Labour (1)
- Peelite (1)
| Portrait | Prime minister Office (Lifespan) |
Term of office | Mandate[a] | Ministerial offices held as prime minister | Party | Government | Monarch Reign | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Start | End | Duration | ||||||||
| | Robert Walpole[1] MP for King's Lynn (1676–1745) |
3 April 1721 |
11 February 1742 |
20 years, 315 days | 1722 | Whig | Walpole– |
George I r. 1714–1727 | ||
| 1727 | George II r. 1727–1760 | |||||||||
| 1734 | Walpole | |||||||||
| 1741 | ||||||||||
| Spencer Compton[2] 1st Earl of Wilmington (1673–1743) |
16 February 1742 |
2 July 1743 |
1 year, 137 days[b] | — | Carteret | |||||
| Henry Pelham[3] MP for Sussex (1694–1754) |
27 August 1743 |
6 March 1754 |
10 years, 192 days[b] | — | Broad Bottom I | |||||
| 1747 | Broad Bottom II | |||||||||
| Thomas Pelham-Holles[4] 1st Duke of Newcastle (1693–1768) |
16 March 1754 |
11 November 1756 |
2 years, 241 days | 1754 | Newcastle I | |||||
| William Cavendish[5] 4th Duke of Devonshire (1720–1764) |
16 November 1756 |
29 June 1757 |
226 days | — | Pitt– | |||||
| 1757 Caretaker | ||||||||||
| Thomas Pelham-Holles[6] 1st Duke of Newcastle (1693–1768) |
29 June 1757 |
26 May 1762 |
4 years, 332 days | 1761 | Pitt– | |||||
| Bute– (Tory– |
George III r. 1760–1820 | |||||||||
| John Stuart[7] 3rd Earl of Bute (1713–1792) |
26 May 1762 |
8 April 1763 |
318 days | — | Tory | Bute | ||||
| George Grenville[8] MP for Buckingham (1712–1770) |
16 April 1763 |
10 July 1765 |
2 years, 86 days | — | Whig (Grenvillite) |
Grenville (mainly Whig) | ||||
| Charles Watson-Wentworth[9] 2nd Marquess of Rockingham (1730–1782) |
13 July 1765 |
30 July 1766 |
1 year, 18 days | — | Whig (Rockinghamite) |
Rockingham I | ||||
| William Pitt the Elder[10] 1st Earl of Chatham[c] (1708–1778) |
30 July 1766 |
14 October 1768 |
2 years, 77 days | 1768 | Whig (Chathamite) |
Chatham | ||||
| Augustus FitzRoy[11] 3rd Duke of Grafton (1735–1811) |
14 October 1768 |
28 January 1770 |
1 year, 107 days | — | Grafton | |||||
| Frederick North[12] Lord North MP for Banbury (1732–1792) |
28 January 1770 |
27 March 1782 |
12 years, 59 days | 1774 | Tory (Northite) |
North | ||||
| 1780 | ||||||||||
| Charles Watson-Wentworth[9] 2nd Marquess of Rockingham (1730–1782) |
27 March 1782 |
1 July 1782 |
97 days[b] | — | Whig (Rockinghamite) |
Rockingham II | ||||
| William Petty[13] 2nd Earl of Shelburne (1737–1805) |
4 July 1782 |
26 March 1783 |
266 days | — | Whig (Chathamite) |
Shelburne | ||||
| William Cavendish-Bentinck[14] 3rd Duke of Portland (1738–1809) |
2 April 1783 |
18 December 1783 |
261 days | — | Whig | Fox–North | ||||
| William Pitt the Younger[15] MP for Appleby, later Cambridge University[d] (1759–1806) |
19 December 1783 |
14 March 1801 |
17 years, 86 days | 1784 | Tory (Pittite) |
Pitt I | ||||
| 1790 | ||||||||||
| 1796 | ||||||||||
| Henry Addington[16] MP for Devizes (1757–1844) |
17 March 1801 |
10 May 1804 |
3 years, 55 days | 1801 | Tory (Addingtonian) |
Addington | ||||
| 1802 | ||||||||||
| William Pitt the Younger[17] MP for Cambridge University (1759–1806) |
10 May 1804 |
23 January 1806 |
1 year, 259 days[b] | — | Tory (Pittite) |
Pitt II | ||||
| William Grenville[18] 1st Baron Grenville (1759–1834) |
11 February 1806 |
25 March 1807 |
1 year, 43 days | 1806 | Whig | All the Talents (Whig– | ||||
| William Cavendish-Bentinck[19] 3rd Duke of Portland (1738–1809) |
31 March 1807 |
4 October 1809 |
2 years, 188 days | 1807 | Tory (Pittite) |
Portland II | ||||
| Spencer Perceval[20] MP for Northampton (1762–1812) |
4 October 1809 |
11 May 1812 |
2 years, 221 days[b] | — | Perceval | |||||
| Robert Jenkinson[21] 2nd Earl of Liverpool (1770–1828) |
8 June 1812 |
9 April 1827 |
14 years, 306 days | 1812 | Liverpool | |||||
| 1818 | George IV r. 1820–1830 | |||||||||
| 1820 | ||||||||||
| 1826 | ||||||||||
| George Canning[22] MP for Seaford (1770–1827) |
12 April 1827 |
8 August 1827 |
119 days[b] | — | Tory (Canningite) |
Canning (Canningite– | ||||
| F. J. Robinson[23] 1st Viscount Goderich (1782–1859) |
31 August 1827 |
8 January 1828 |
131 days | — | Tory (Canningite) |
Goderich | ||||
| Arthur Wellesley[24] 1st Duke of Wellington (1769–1852) |
22 January 1828 |
16 November 1830 |
2 years, 299 days | — | Tory | Wellington– | ||||
| 1830 | William IV r. 1830–1837 | |||||||||
| Charles Grey[25] 2nd Earl Grey (1764–1845) |
22 November 1830 |
9 July 1834 |
3 years, 230 days | 1831 | Whig | Grey | ||||
| 1832 | ||||||||||
| William Lamb[26] 2nd Viscount Melbourne (1779–1848) |
16 July 1834 |
14 November 1834 |
122 days | — | Melbourne I | |||||
| Arthur Wellesley[27] 1st Duke of Wellington (1769–1852) |
17 November 1834 |
9 December 1834 |
23 days | — | Tory | Wellington Caretaker | ||||
| Robert Peel[28] MP for Tamworth (1788–1850) |
10 December 1834 |
8 April 1835 |
120 days | — | Conservative | Peel I | ||||
| William Lamb[29] 2nd Viscount Melbourne (1779–1848) |
18 April 1835 |
30 August 1841 |
6 years, 135 days | 1835 | Whig | Melbourne II | ||||
| 1837 | Victoria r. 1837–1901 | |||||||||
| Robert Peel[28] MP for Tamworth (1788–1850) |
30 August 1841 |
29 June 1846 |
4 years, 304 days | 1841 | Conservative | Peel II | ||||
| Lord John Russell[30] MP for City of London (1792–1878) |
30 June 1846 |
21 February 1852 |
5 years, 237 days | 1847 | Whig | Russell I | ||||
| Edward Smith-Stanley[31] 14th Earl of Derby (1799–1869) |
23 February 1852 |
17 December 1852 |
299 days | 1852 | Conservative | Who? Who? | ||||
| George Hamilton-Gordon[32] 4th Earl of Aberdeen (1784–1860) |
19 December 1852 |
30 January 1855 |
2 years, 43 days | — | Peelite | Aberdeen (Peelite– | ||||
| Henry John Temple[33] 3rd Viscount Palmerston MP for Tiverton (1784–1865) |
6 February 1855 |
19 February 1858 |
3 years, 14 days | 1857 | Whig | Palmerston I | ||||
| Edward Smith-Stanley[34] 14th Earl of Derby (1799–1869) |
20 February 1858 |
11 June 1859 |
1 year, 112 days | — | Conservative | Derby– | ||||
| Henry John Temple[35] 3rd Viscount Palmerston MP for Tiverton (1784–1865) |
12 June 1859 |
18 October 1865 |
6 years, 129 days[b] | 1859 | Liberal | Palmerston II | ||||
| 1865 | ||||||||||
| John Russell[30] 1st Earl Russell (1792–1878) |
29 October 1865 |
26 June 1866 |
241 days | — | Russell II | |||||
| Edward Smith-Stanley[36] 14th Earl of Derby (1799–1869) |
28 June 1866 |
25 February 1868 |
1 year, 243 days | — | Conservative | Derby– | ||||
| Benjamin Disraeli[37] MP for Buckinghamshire (1804–1881) Premierships |
27 February 1868 |
1 December 1868 |
279 days | — | ||||||
| William Ewart Gladstone[38] MP for Midlothian (1809–1898) Premierships |
3 December 1868 |
17 February 1874 |
5 years, 77 days | 1868 | Liberal | Gladstone I | ||||
| Benjamin Disraeli[39] MP for Buckinghamshire (to 1876) Earl of Beaconsfield (from 1876)[e] (1804–1881) Premierships |
20 February 1874 |
21 April 1880 |
6 years, 62 days | 1874 |
|
Conservative | Disraeli II | |||
| William Ewart Gladstone[40] MP for Midlothian (1809–1898) Premierships |
23 April 1880 |
9 June 1885 |
5 years, 48 days | 1880 | Liberal | Gladstone II | ||||
| Robert Gascoyne-Cecil[41] 3rd Marquess of Salisbury (1830–1903) |
23 June 1885 |
28 January 1886 |
220 days | — | Conservative | Salisbury I | ||||
| William Ewart Gladstone[40] MP for Midlothian (1809–1898) Premierships |
1 February 1886 |
20 July 1886 |
170 days | 1885 | Liberal | Gladstone III | ||||
| Robert Gascoyne-Cecil[42] 3rd Marquess of Salisbury (1830–1903) |
25 July 1886 |
11 August 1892 |
6 years, 18 days | 1886 |
|
Conservative | Salisbury II | |||
| William Ewart Gladstone[40] MP for Midlothian (1809–1898) Premierships |
15 August 1892 |
2 March 1894 |
1 year, 200 days | 1892 | Liberal | Gladstone IV | ||||
| Archibald Primrose[43] 5th Earl of Rosebery (1847–1929) |
5 March 1894 |
22 June 1895 |
1 year, 110 days | — | Rosebery | |||||
| Robert Gascoyne-Cecil[44] 3rd Marquess of Salisbury (1830–1903) |
25 June 1895 |
11 July 1902 |
7 years, 17 days | 1895 |
|
Conservative | Salisbury III (Con– | |||
| 1900 | Salisbury IV (Con– | |||||||||
| Edward VII r. 1901–1910 | ||||||||||
| Arthur Balfour[45] MP for Manchester East (1848–1930) |
12 July 1902 |
4 December 1905 |
3 years, 146 days | — | Balfour (Con– | |||||
| Henry Campbell-Bannerman[46] MP for Stirling Burghs (1836–1908) |
5 December 1905 |
3 April 1908 |
2 years, 121 days | 1906 | Liberal | Campbell-Bannerman | ||||
| H. H. Asquith[47] MP for East Fife (1852–1928) |
8 April 1908 |
5 December 1916 |
8 years, 243 days | — | Asquith I | |||||
| Jan.1910 | Asquith II | George V r. 1910–1936 | ||||||||
| Dec.1910 | Asquith III | |||||||||
| — | Asquith Coalition (Lib– | |||||||||
| David Lloyd George[48] MP for Caernarvon Boroughs (1863–1945) |
6 December 1916 |
19 October 1922 |
5 years, 318 days | — | Lloyd George War | |||||
| 1918 | Lloyd George II (Lib– | |||||||||
| Bonar Law[49] MP for Glasgow Central (1858–1923) |
23 October 1922 |
20 May 1923 |
210 days | 1922 | Conservative (Scot.U.) |
Law | ||||
| Stanley Baldwin[50] MP for Bewdley (1867–1947) |
22 May 1923 |
22 January 1924 |
246 days | — | Conservative | Baldwin I | ||||
| Ramsay MacDonald[51] MP for Aberavon (1866–1937) |
22 January 1924 |
4 November 1924 |
288 days | 1923 | Labour | MacDonald I | ||||
| Stanley Baldwin[52] MP for Bewdley (1867–1947) |
4 November 1924 |
4 June 1929 |
4 years, 213 days | 1924 | Conservative | Baldwin II | ||||
| Ramsay MacDonald[53] MP for Seaham (1866–1937) |
5 June 1929 |
7 June 1935 |
6 years, 3 days | 1929 | Labour | MacDonald II | ||||
| — | National Labour | National I (Nat.Lab– | ||||||||
| 1931 | National II | |||||||||
| | Stanley Baldwin[54] MP for Bewdley (1867–1947) |
7 June 1935 |
28 May 1937 |
1 year, 356 days | 1935 | Conservative | National III | |||
| Edward VIII r. 1936 | ||||||||||
| George VI r. 1936–1952 | ||||||||||
| Neville Chamberlain[55] MP for Birmingham Edgbaston (1869–1940) |
28 May 1937 |
10 May 1940 |
2 years, 349 days | — | National IV | |||||
| Chamberlain War | ||||||||||
| Winston Churchill[56] MP for Epping (1874–1965) |
10 May 1940 |
26 July 1945 |
5 years, 78 days | — | Churchill War | |||||
| Churchill Caretaker (Con– | ||||||||||
| Clement Attlee[57] MP for Limehouse (1883–1967) |
26 July 1945 |
26 October 1951 |
6 years, 93 days | 1945 |
|
Labour | Attlee I | |||
| 1950 | Attlee II | |||||||||
| Winston Churchill[58] MP for Woodford (1874–1965) |
26 October 1951 |
5 April 1955 |
3 years, 162 days | 1951 |
|
Conservative | Churchill III | |||
| Elizabeth II r. 1952–2022 | ||||||||||
| Anthony Eden[59] MP for Warwick and Leamington (1897–1977) |
6 April 1955 |
9 January 1957 |
1 year, 279 days | 1955 | Eden | |||||
| Harold Macmillan[60] MP for Bromley (1894–1986) |
10 January 1957 |
18 October 1963 |
6 years, 282 days | — | Macmillan I | |||||
| 1959 | Macmillan II | |||||||||
| Alec Douglas-Home[61][f] MP for Kinross and Western Perthshire (1903–1995) |
18 October [citation needed] 1963 |
16 October 1964 |
365 days | — | Conservative (Scot.U.) |
Douglas-Home | ||||
| Harold Wilson[62] MP for Huyton (1916–1995) |
16 October 1964 |
19 June 1970 |
5 years, 247 days | 1964 | Labour | Wilson I | ||||
| 1966 | Wilson II | |||||||||
| Edward Heath[63] MP for Bexley (1916–2005) |
19 June 1970 |
4 March 1974 |
3 years, 259 days | 1970 | Conservative | Heath | ||||
| Harold Wilson[62] MP for Huyton (1916–1995) |
4 March 1974 |
5 April 1976 |
2 years, 33 days | Feb.1974 | Labour | Wilson III | ||||
| Oct.1974 | Wilson IV | |||||||||
| James Callaghan[64] MP for Cardiff South East (1912–2005) |
5 April 1976 |
4 May 1979 |
3 years, 30 days | — | Callaghan | |||||
| Margaret Thatcher MP for Finchley (1925–2013) Premiership |
4 May 1979 |
28 November 1990 |
11 years, 209 days | 1979 | Conservative | Thatcher I | ||||
| 1983 | Thatcher II | |||||||||
| 1987 | Thatcher III | |||||||||
| John Major MP for Huntingdon (born 1943) Premiership |
28 November 1990 |
2 May 1997 |
6 years, 156 days | — | Major I | |||||
| 1992 | Major II | |||||||||
| Tony Blair MP for Sedgefield (born 1953) Premiership |
2 May 1997 |
27 June 2012 |
15 years, 57 days | 1997 | Labour | Blair I | ||||
| 2001 | Blair II | |||||||||
| 2005 | Blair III | |||||||||
| 2010 | Blair IV | |||||||||
| Gordon Brown MP for Kirkcaldy and Cowdenbeath (born 1951) Premiership |
27 June 2012 |
8 May 2015 |
2 years, 316 days | — | Brown | |||||
| David Cameron MP for Witney (born 1966) Premiership |
8 May 2015 |
24 July 2019 |
4 years, 78 days | 2015 | Conservative | Cameron | ||||
| Theresa May MP for Maidenhead (born 1956) Premiership |
24 July 2019 |
6 September 2022 |
3 years, 45 days | — | May I | |||||
| 2021 | May II | |||||||||
| Rishi Sunak MP for Richmond (Yorks) (born 1980) Premiership |
6 September 2022 |
5 July 2024 |
1 year, 304 days | — | Sunak | |||||
| Charles III r. 2022–present | ||||||||||
| Keir Starmer MP for Holborn and St Pancras (born 1962) Premiership |
5 July 2024 |
Incumbent | 1 year, 337 days | 2024 | Labour | Starmer | ||||
| Portrait | Prime minister Office (Lifespan) |
Term of office | Mandate | Ministerial offices held as prime minister | Party | Government | Monarch Reign | |||
| Start | End | Duration | ||||||||
- ↑ Cite error: The named reference
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Diedwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ↑ Pitt, for the first five days of his premiership (30 July – 4 August 1766), served as a Member of Parliament for Bath. He relinquished his Commons seat in order to take the office of Lord Privy Seal, which required his elevation to the House of Lords.
- ↑ Pitt ran under a different constituency in the 1784 British general election.
- ↑ Disraeli was elevated to the House of Lords in 1876, two years into his second premiership. Consequently, he relinquished his Commons seat and office as MP for Buckinghamshire.
- ↑ Cite error: The named reference
Douglas-Homewas invoked but never defined (see the help page).
<ref group=lower-alpha> tags or {{efn}} templates on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}} template or {{notelist}} template (see the help page).- ↑ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, pp. 1, 5; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 1–5; Pryde et al. 1996, pp. 45–46.
- ↑ Cook & Stevenson 1988, p. 41; Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 14; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 7–10; Jones & Jones 1986, p. 222.
- ↑ Cook & Stevenson 1988, pp. 41–42; Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 17; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 11–15.
- ↑ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 28; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 16–21.
- ↑ Cook & Stevenson 1988, p. 44; Courthope 1838, p. 19; Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 34; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 23–26; Schumann & Schweizer 2012, p. 143.
- ↑ Cook & Stevenson 1980, p. 11; Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 28; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 16–21; Pryde et al. 1996, p. 46; Tout 1910, p. 740.
- ↑ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 36; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 28–31; Jones & Jones 1986, p. 223; Tout 1910, p. 740.
- ↑ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 42; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 33–35; Tout 1910, p. 740.
- 1 2 The British Magazine and Review 1782, p. 79; Eccleshall & Walker 2002, pp. 46, 50; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 39–43.
- ↑ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 54; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 45–50; Kebbel 1864, p. 143; Venning 2005, p. 93.
- ↑ Courthope 1838, p. 9; Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 61; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 52–56; Venning 2005, p. 93; Vincitorio 1968, p. 156.
- ↑ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 64; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 58–62; Whiteley 1996, p. 24.
- ↑ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 73; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 64–68; Venning 2005, p. 93.
- ↑ Cook & Stevenson 1980, p. 11; Courthope 1838, p. 25; Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 77; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 69–74; Venning 2005, p. 93.
- ↑ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 85; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 75–78; Evans 2008, p. 4.
- ↑ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 94; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 83–85; Styles 1829, p. 266.
- ↑ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 85; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 75–77; Evans 2008, p. 4.
- ↑ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 98; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 90–92; Tout 1910, p. 740.
- ↑ Courthope 1838, p. 25; Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 77; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 69–74; Evans 2008, p. 4.
- ↑ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 101; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 98–101; Evans 2008, p. 4.
- ↑ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 106; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 104–108; Evans 2008, p. 4; Pryde et al. 1996, p. 47.
- ↑ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, pp. 116, 133; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 110–115.
- ↑ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, pp. 120, 133; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 118–120.
- ↑ Courthope 1838, p. 33; Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 123; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 124–130; Pryde et al. 1996, p. 47; Shaw 1906, p. 447; Tout 1910, p. 740.
- ↑ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 128; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 133–139.
- ↑ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 136; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 141–143.
- ↑ Courthope 1838, p. 33; Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 123; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 124–130; Evans 2001, p. 471; Mahon & Cardwell 1856, p. 17; Shaw 1906, p. 447.
- 1 2 Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 142; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 148–153.
- ↑ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 136; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 141–145; Pryde et al. 1996, p. 47.
- 1 2 Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 151; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 155–160.
- ↑ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 161; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 162–164.
- ↑ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, pp. 159, 167; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 169–174; Royal Society of Edinburgh 2006, p. 375; Tout 1910, p. 741.
- ↑ Disraeli 1855; Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 174; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 177–184; Royal Society 2007, p. 349.
- ↑ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 161; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 162–164; Tout 1910, p. 741.
- ↑ Balfour 1910; Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 174; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 177–184; Royal Society 2007, p. 349.
- ↑ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 161; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 162–167; Tout 1910, p. 741.
- ↑ Disraeli 1868; Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 183; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 187–189; Tout 1910, p. 741.
- ↑ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 196; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 195–198; Royal Statistical Society 1892, p. 9.
- ↑ Chamberlain 1884; Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 183; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 187–192.
- 1 2 3 Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 196; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 195–202; Royal Statistical Society 1892, p. 9.
- ↑ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 213; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 205–210; Mosley 2003, p. 3505.
- ↑ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 213; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 205–210; Locker-Lampson 1907, p. 497; Mosley 2003, p. 3505; Sandys 1910, p. 287.
- ↑ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 222; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 212–215.
- ↑ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, pp. 213, 221; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 205–210; Mosley 2003, p. 3505; Pryde et al. 1996, p. 47; Sandys 1910, p. 287.
- ↑ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 231; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 217–221; Mosley 1999, p. 173; Tout 1910, p. 741.
- ↑ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 239; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 223–227.
- ↑ Butler & Butler 2010, p. 5; Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 244; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 229–235; Pryde et al. 1996, p. 48.
- ↑ Butler & Butler 2010, pp. 6–9; The Constitutional Yearbook 1919, p. 42; Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 252; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 237–243.
- ↑ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 262; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 246–248; Scully 2018.
- ↑ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 273; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 253–255; Mosley 1999, p. 172.
- ↑ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 281; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 262–264.
- ↑ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 273; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 253–259; Mosley 1999, p. 172.
- ↑ Butler & Butler 2010, p. 13; Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 281; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 262–268.
- ↑ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 273; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 253–259; Mosley 1999, p. 172; Pryde et al. 1996, p. 48.
- ↑ The Annual Register 1941, p. 11; Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 289; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 270–274.
- ↑ The Annual Register 1946, p. 11; Butler & Butler 2010, pp. 17–21, 77; Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 295; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 276–282; The London Gazette 1924.
- ↑ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 305; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 284–289.
- ↑ BBC On This Day 2005; Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 295; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 276–282; The London Gazette 1924; Mosley 1999, p. 1868; Pryde et al. 1996, p. 48.
- ↑ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 315; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 291–295.
- ↑ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 320; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 297–303.
- ↑ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 329; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 306–310; Scully 2018.
- 1 2 Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 333; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 313–320.
- ↑ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 343; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 322–328; UK Parliament 2005a.
- ↑ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 350; Englefield, Seaton & White 1995, pp. 331–333; UK Parliament 2005b.