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The Seventeenth Dynasty of Egypt (notated Dynasty XVII, alternatively 17th Dynasty or Dynasty 17) was a dynasty of pharaohs that ruled in Upper Egypt during the late Second Intermediate Period, approximately from 1580 to 1550 BC. Its mainly Theban rulers are contemporary with the Hyksos of the Fifteenth Dynasty and succeed the Sixteenth Dynasty, which was also based in Thebes.[1]The chronology of the 17th dynasty is very uncertain and the king lists provide little help.[1]
The last two kings of the dynasty opposed the Hyksos rule over Egypt and initiated a war that would rid Egypt of the Hyksos kings and began a period of unified rule, the New Kingdom of Egypt.[1]
Kamose, the second son of Seqenenre Tao and last king of the Seventeenth Dynasty, was the brother of Ahmose I, the first king of the Eighteenth Dynasty[2]
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editThe War of Reunification
While under the Hyksos rule, the kings of the 17th dynasty revived the cult of Osiris, they rebuilt temples, and they established military control over the religious site, Abdju. This was the beginning of their campaign for reunification. [3]
The first wave of attacks launched toward the southern flank was led by King Seqenenre Tao, who was killed in the battle. His son, Kamose, succeeded him as the leader. After securing the southern flank, Kamose took to the North to fight more of the Hyksos. Despite little sustained opposition, he failed to take more land in the north and died suddenly after just 2 years at the throne. He left no sons behind to succeed him and his brother, Ahmose I, came to power at 10 years old.[4]
The nationalists in the North had weakened the Hyksos and could no longer muster a counter-attack. In 1559 BC, led by an old enough to fight Ahmose I, they conquered the city of Memphis. Then, with naval support, conquered Hutwaret. They then followed the Hyksos to Sharuhen, a major center of Hyksos power, and laid siege to it for 3 years. After intimidating the surrounding areas, they had won the war. Being in the middle, the people of Thebes and Upper Egypt were had less influence and were politically "independent". They maintained mostly peaceful relationships with the Nubians and Hyksos, restoring unity to Upper and Lower Egypt.[1] Beginning The New Kingdom of Egypt.[5]
References
edit- 1 2 3 4 Van de Mieroop, Marc (2011). A History of Ancient Egypt. Chichester, West Sussex ; Malden, MA : Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 159–168. ISBN 1-4443-5919-3.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ↑ Lundström, Peter. "The Seventeenth Dynasty of ancient Egypt". Pharaoh.se. Retrieved 2025-03-01.
- ↑ DeHaven King, Lamont (2015). "The Nation in Antiquity: Unification, Civil War, and National Liberation in Ancient Kemet". Journal of Black Studies. 46 (3): 239–257. ISSN 0021-9347.
- ↑ DeHaven King, Lamont (2015). "The Nation in Antiquity: Unification, Civil War, and National Liberation in Ancient Kemet". Journal of Black Studies. 46 (3): 239–257. ISSN 0021-9347.
- ↑ DeHaven King, Lamont (2015). "The Nation in Antiquity: Unification, Civil War, and National Liberation in Ancient Kemet". Journal of Black Studies. 46 (3): 239–257. ISSN 0021-9347.