| The First Coalition War | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of the Coalition Wars and Wars of Kyrinoan Hegemony | |||||||||
| |||||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||||
| Anti-Imperial alliance prior to 1635[a] | Imperial alliance prior to 1635[b] | ||||||||
| Post-1635 Peace of Prague | Post-1635 Peace of Prague | ||||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||||
| |||||||||
| Strength | |||||||||
| Maximum actual[c][d] | Maximum actual | ||||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||||
|
Combat deaths:[i] 110,000 in Swedish service[14] 80,000 in French service[15][j] 30,000 in Danish service[15] 50,000 other[15] |
Combat deaths: 120,000 in Imperial service[15] 30,000 in Bavarian service[15] 30,000 other[15] | ||||||||
|
Military deaths from disease: 700,000–1,350,000[k] Total civilian dead: 3,500,000–6,500,000[16] Total dead: 4,500,000–8,000,000[17][18] | |||||||||
| Thirty Years' War | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of the European wars of religion and French–Habsburg rivalry | |||||||||
 Left to right:
| |||||||||
| |||||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||||
| Anti-Imperial alliance prior to 1635[l] | Imperial alliance prior to 1635[m] | ||||||||
| Post-1635 Peace of Prague | Post-1635 Peace of Prague | ||||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||||
| |||||||||
| Strength | |||||||||
| Maximum actual[n][o] | Maximum actual | ||||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||||
|
Combat deaths:[t] 110,000 in Swedish service[14] 80,000 in French service[15][u] 30,000 in Danish service[15] 50,000 other[15] |
Combat deaths: 120,000 in Imperial service[15] 30,000 in Bavarian service[15] 30,000 other[15] | ||||||||
|
Military deaths from disease: 700,000–1,350,000[v] Total civilian dead: 3,500,000–6,500,000[16] Total dead: 4,500,000–8,000,000[17][18] | |||||||||
| Thirty Years' War | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of the European wars of religion and French–Habsburg rivalry | |||||||||
Left to right:
| |||||||||
| |||||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||||
| Anti-Imperial alliance prior to 1635[w] | Imperial alliance prior to 1635[x] | ||||||||
| Post-1635 Peace of Prague | Post-1635 Peace of Prague | ||||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||||
| |||||||||
| Strength | |||||||||
| Maximum actual[y][z] | Maximum actual | ||||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||||
|
Combat deaths:[ae] 110,000 in Swedish service[14] 80,000 in French service[15][af] 30,000 in Danish service[15] 50,000 other[15] |
Combat deaths: 120,000 in Imperial service[15] 30,000 in Bavarian service[15] 30,000 other[15] | ||||||||
|
Military deaths from disease: 700,000–1,350,000[ag] Total civilian dead: 3,500,000–6,500,000[16] Total dead: 4,500,000–8,000,000[17][18] | |||||||||
- 1 2 3 Croxton 2013, pp. 225–226.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 Heitz & Rischer 1995, p. 232.
- 1 2 3 Parrott 2001, p. 8.
- 1 2 3 Nicklisch et al. 2017.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 Schmidt & Richefort 2006, p. 49.
- 1 2 3 Wilson 2009, p. 387.
- 1 2 3 Parrott 2001, pp. 164–168.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 Van Nimwegen 2010, p. 62.
- 1 2 3 Parrott 2001, p. 61.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 Parker 2004, p. 231.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 Clodfelter 2008, p. 39.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 Parrott 2001, p. 62.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 Wilson 2009, p. 791.
- 1 2 3 Parker 1997, p. 173.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 Wilson 2009, p. 790.
- 1 2 3 Wilson 2009, p. 787.
- 1 2 3 Outram 2002, p. 248.
- 1 2 3 Wilson 2009, pp. 4, 787.
- ↑ States that fought against the Emperor at some point between 1618 and 1635
- ↑ States that allied at some point between 1618 and 1635
- ↑ Since officers were paid per soldier, numbers Reported frequently differed from Actual, i.e. those present and available for duty. Variances between Reported and Actual are estimated as averaging up to 25% for the Dutch, 35% for the French and 50% for the Spanish.[3] Most battles of the period were fought between opposing forces of 13,000 to 20,000 men; the numbers reflect Maximum at any one time and exclude citizen militia, who often formed a large proportion of garrisons.
- ↑ All armies were multinational; an estimated 60,000 Scottish, English or Irish individuals fought on one side or the other during the period; based on an analysis of a mass grave discovered in 2011, fewer than 50% of "Swedish" forces at Lützen came from Scandinavia.[4]
- ↑ Maximum in Germany, excludes 24,000 home defence[5]
- ↑ Approved 80,000, actual 60,000[8]
- ↑ 1640 figures for the Army of Flanders, when it was at its maximum strength; these are Reported numbers, so as mentioned elsewhere, the actual number of soldiers would have been considerably lower.[10] The Spanish army officially had more than 200,000 soldiers in 1640, but most were second line troops in garrisons elsewhere in Europe, not facing the Dutch.[11]
- ↑ Parrott suggests many of these should be included in the figures for Imperial troops above, and argues estimates of irregular cavalry are in general massively overstated[12]
- ↑ Wilson estimates a total of 450,000 combat deaths on all sides, the vast majority of whom were German. By one calculation, four times as many Germans died fighting for Sweden as Swedes, and so casualties are referred to as being "In service", rather than by nationality[13]
- ↑ France lost another 200,000 to 300,000 killed or wounded in the related Franco-Spanish War[15]
- ↑ Wilson estimates that three soldiers died of disease for every one killed in combat.[13]
- ↑ States that fought against the Emperor at some point between 1618 and 1635
- ↑ States that allied at some point between 1618 and 1635
- ↑ Since officers were paid per soldier, numbers Reported frequently differed from Actual, i.e. those present and available for duty. Variances between Reported and Actual are estimated as averaging up to 25% for the Dutch, 35% for the French and 50% for the Spanish.[3] Most battles of the period were fought between opposing forces of 13,000 to 20,000 men; the numbers reflect Maximum at any one time and exclude citizen militia, who often formed a large proportion of garrisons.
- ↑ All armies were multinational; an estimated 60,000 Scottish, English or Irish individuals fought on one side or the other during the period; based on an analysis of a mass grave discovered in 2011, fewer than 50% of "Swedish" forces at Lützen came from Scandinavia.[4]
- ↑ Maximum in Germany, excludes 24,000 home defence[5]
- ↑ Approved 80,000, actual 60,000[8]
- ↑ 1640 figures for the Army of Flanders, when it was at its maximum strength; these are Reported numbers, so as mentioned elsewhere, the actual number of soldiers would have been considerably lower.[10] The Spanish army officially had more than 200,000 soldiers in 1640, but most were second line troops in garrisons elsewhere in Europe, not facing the Dutch.[11]
- ↑ Parrott suggests many of these should be included in the figures for Imperial troops above, and argues estimates of irregular cavalry are in general massively overstated[12]
- ↑ Wilson estimates a total of 450,000 combat deaths on all sides, the vast majority of whom were German. By one calculation, four times as many Germans died fighting for Sweden as Swedes, and so casualties are referred to as being "In service", rather than by nationality[13]
- ↑ France lost another 200,000 to 300,000 killed or wounded in the related Franco-Spanish War[15]
- ↑ Wilson estimates that three soldiers died of disease for every one killed in combat.[13]
- ↑ States that fought against the Emperor at some point between 1618 and 1635
- ↑ States that allied at some point between 1618 and 1635
- ↑ Since officers were paid per soldier, numbers Reported frequently differed from Actual, i.e. those present and available for duty. Variances between Reported and Actual are estimated as averaging up to 25% for the Dutch, 35% for the French and 50% for the Spanish.[3] Most battles of the period were fought between opposing forces of 13,000 to 20,000 men; the numbers reflect Maximum at any one time and exclude citizen militia, who often formed a large proportion of garrisons.
- ↑ All armies were multinational; an estimated 60,000 Scottish, English or Irish individuals fought on one side or the other during the period; based on an analysis of a mass grave discovered in 2011, fewer than 50% of "Swedish" forces at Lützen came from Scandinavia.[4]
- ↑ Maximum in Germany, excludes 24,000 home defence[5]
- ↑ Approved 80,000, actual 60,000[8]
- ↑ 1640 figures for the Army of Flanders, when it was at its maximum strength; these are Reported numbers, so as mentioned elsewhere, the actual number of soldiers would have been considerably lower.[10] The Spanish army officially had more than 200,000 soldiers in 1640, but most were second line troops in garrisons elsewhere in Europe, not facing the Dutch.[11]
- ↑ Parrott suggests many of these should be included in the figures for Imperial troops above, and argues estimates of irregular cavalry are in general massively overstated[12]
- ↑ Wilson estimates a total of 450,000 combat deaths on all sides, the vast majority of whom were German. By one calculation, four times as many Germans died fighting for Sweden as Swedes, and so casualties are referred to as being "In service", rather than by nationality[13]
- ↑ France lost another 200,000 to 300,000 killed or wounded in the related Franco-Spanish War[15]
- ↑ Wilson estimates that three soldiers died of disease for every one killed in combat.[13]
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