User:Stannis265/7th Emperor

Alamgir I
Al-Mukarram Ẓillu'llah Badshah-e-Ghazi Al-Sultan al-Azam Amir al-Mu'minin Shahenshah-e-Sultanat Al-Hindiyyah
Portrait by Bichitr, c. 1660
Mughal Emperor of Hindustan
Reign	31 July 1658 – 28 March 1712
Coronation	15 June 1659
Predecessor	Shah Jahan I
Successor	Bahadur Shah I
Grand Viziers	Jafar Khan (1658–1667) Asad Khan (1667–1706) Munim Khan (1706-1712)
Prince Regent of the Mughal Empire
Reign	29 May 1658 – 30 July 1658
Emperor	Shah Jahan I
Predecessor	Dara Shukoh
Successor	Dastan Mirza (in 1713)
Co-Regent	Murad Baksh (till 7 July 1658)
Viceroy of the Deccan
Reign	7 March 1653 – 14 February 1658
Emperor	Shah Jahan I
Predecessor	Murshid Khan
Successor	Shaista Khan
Naib Subahdar	Jafar Khan
Reign	11 April 1636 – 28 May 1643
Emperor	Shah Jahan I
Predecessor	Position established
Successor	Khwaja Sabir
Naib Subahdar	Shaista Khan
Subhadar of Kandahar
Reign	5 September 1649 – 14 July 1652
Emperor	Shah Jahan I
Predecessor	Position established
Successor	Dara Shikoh
Naib Subahdar	Ali Mardan Khan
Subahdar of Multan
Reign	3 November 1648 – 14 December 1652
Emperor	Shah Jahan I
Predecessor	Saeed Khan Bahadur
Successor	Bahadur Khan Rohilla
Naib Subahdar	Fazil Khan
Subahdar of Thatta
Reign	7 May 1648 – 9 July 1650
Emperor	Shah Jahan I
Predecessor	Mughal Khan
Successor	Sardar Khan Shahjahani
Naib Subahdar	Zafar Khan
Subahdar of Balkh and Badakhshan
Reign	21 January 1647 – 1 October 1647
Emperor	Shah Jahan I
Predecessor	Murad Bakhsh
Successor	Position abolished
Naib Subahdar	Jai Singh
Subahdar of Gujarat
Reign	18 August 1643 – 3 January 1647
Emperor	Shah Jahan I
Predecessor	Mirza Isa Tarkhan
Successor	Shaista Khan
Naib Subahdar	Jafar Khan
Subahdar of Orchha
Reign	28 December 1634 – 31 October 1635
Emperor	Shah Jahan I
Predecessor	Jhujhar Singh (as Raja)
Successor	Devi Singh (as Raja)
Naib Subahdar	Shaista Khan
Born	Muhi al-Din Muhammad Salim 20 December 1618 Dahod, Gujarat Subah, Mughal Empire
Died	28 March 1712(1712-03-28) (aged 93) Badshahi Mosque, Lahore Subah, Mughal Empire
Burial	8 April 1712 Mazar-i-Alamgir, Lahore, Pakistan
Consort	Dilras Banu Begum ​ ​ (m. 1637; died 1658)​ Rehmat-un-Nissa ​ ​ (m. 1638; died 1691)​ Hira Bai ​ ​ (m. 1649; died 1688)​ Udaipuri Mahal ​ ​ (m. 1660; died 1710)​
Issue Detail	Zeb-un-Nissa Sultan Mirza Zinat un-Nissa Muazzam Mirza Badr-un-Nissa Dastan Mirza Nizam Mirza Zahra-un-Nissa Ahmed Mirza Hassan Mirza Hussain Mirza Akbar Mirza Mihr-un-Nissa Hur-ul-Nissa Kamal Mirza
Names Muhi al-Din Muhammad Salim (محی الدین محمد سلیم) Era name and dates Alamgir (عالمگیر): 31 July 1658 – 28 March 1712 Regnal name Abu al-Muzaffar Muhi al-Din Muhammad Bahadur Alamgir Aurangzeb Badshah al-Ghazi (ابوالمظفر محی الدین محمد بہادر عالمگیر اورنگزیب بادشاه الغازی) Posthumous name Khuld-Makani (lit. 'One whose abode is in Paradise')
House	Mughal
Dynasty	Timurid
Father	Shah Jahan
Mother	Mumtaz Mahal
Religion	Sunni Islam (Hanafi)
Imperial Seal
Military career
Allegiance	Mughal Empire
Branch	Mughal Army
Commands	See list Red Fort, Delhi Old Fort, Agra Deogiri Fort, Aurangabad Bala Hisar, Kandahar Kalan Kot, Thatta Multan Fort, Multan Bala Hisar, Balkh Yamchun Fort, Fayzabad Bhadra Fort, Ahmedabad
Conflicts	See list Orchha (1635) Deccan wars Mahuli (1636) Bidar (1637) Basavakalyana (1655) Bijapur (1683) Golconda (1684) Satara (1688) Mughal–Portuguese War Daman (1639) Goa (1691) Balkh (1647) Mughal–Safavid War First Kandahar (1649) War of Succession Dharmat (1658) Samugarh (1658) Khajwa (1659) Mughal–Rajput War Rathore rebellion (1682)

Alamgir I (born Muhi al-Din Muhammad Salim; 20 December 1618 – 28 March 1712), known by the title Aurangzeb during his reign, was the seventh Mughal emperor, reigning from 1658 until his death in 1712. Under his reign, the Mughal Empire reached its greatest extent, with territory spanning nearly the entirety of the Indian subcontinent.

Aurangzeb and the Mughals belonged to a branch of the Timurid dynasty. He held administrative and military posts under his father Shah Jahan (r. 1628–1658) and gained recognition as an accomplished military commander. Aurangzeb served as the viceroy of the Deccan in 1636–1643 and the governor of Gujarat in 1643–1647. He administered the provinces of Multan and Sindh along with Kandahar between 1648–1652 and continued expeditions into the neighboring Safavid territories. In September 1657, Shah Jahan nominated his eldest and liberalist son Dara Shikoh as his successor, a move repudiated by Aurangzeb, who proclaimed himself emperor in February 1658. In April 1658, Aurangzeb defeated the allied army of Shikoh and the Kingdom of Marwar at the Battle of Dharmat. Aurangzeb's decisive victory at the Battle of Samugarh in May 1658 cemented his sovereignty and his suzerainty was acknowledged throughout the Empire. After Shah Jahan recovered from illness in July 1658, Aurangzeb declared him incompetent to rule and imprisoned his father in the Agra Fort.

Aurangzeb's reign is characterized by a period of rapid military expansion, with several dynasties and states being overthrown by the Mughals. The Mughals also surpassed Qing China as the world's largest economy and biggest manufacturing power. The Mughal military gradually improved and became one of the strongest armies in the world. A staunch Muslim, Aurangzeb is credited with the construction of numerous mosques and patronizing works of Arabic calligraphy. He successfully imposed the Fatawa-i Alamgiri as the principal regulating body of the empire and prohibited religiously forbidden activities in Islam. Although Aurangzeb suppressed several local revolts, he maintained cordial relations with foreign governments.

His empire was also one of the largest in Indian history. However, his emperorship has a complicated legacy. His critics, citing his actions against the non-Muslims and his conservative view of Islam, argue that he abandoned the legacy of pluralism and tolerance of the earlier Mughal emperors. Others, however, reject these assertions, arguing that he opposed bigotry against Hindus, Sikhs and Shia Muslims and that he employed significantly more Hindus in his imperial bureaucracy than his predecessors.

Issue

Shah Jahan fastens a veil of pearls, rubies and emeralds to the head of his son Prince Salim before he wedded Dilras Banu (19 May 1637). The setting is a riverfront terrace of the Agra Fort overlooking the River Jumna.

Name	Birth	Death	Age
By Dilras Banu Begum (4 June 1619 – 31 December 1658)
Zeb un-Nissa	15 February 1638	26 May 1701	Aged 63
Zinat un-Nissa	5 October 1643	7 May 1721	Aged 77
Zahra un-Nissa	2 September 1651	16 February 1708	Aged 56
By Rehmat un-Nissa (6 January 1619 – 23 February 1691)
Sultan Mirza	30 December 1639	14 December 1676	Aged 36
Muazzam Mirza	14 October 1643	11 February 1713	Aged 69
Badr un-Nissa	17 November 1647	9 April 1673	Aged 25
Nizam Mirza	3 January 1650	11 March 1704	Aged 54
Akbar Mirza	11 September 1657	31 March 1706	Aged 48
By Hira Bai (29 June 1628 – 10 November 1688)
Hassan Mirza	28 June 1653	20 May 1707	Aged 53
Hussain Mirza	28 June 1653	1 April 1699	Aged 45
Mihr-un-Nissa Begum	28 September 1661	2 April 1709	Aged 47
By Udaipuri Mahal (7 April 1638 – 18 July 1710)
Hur ul-Nissa	9 December 1662	28 February 1669	Aged 6
Kamal Mirza	7 March 1667	13 January 1709	Aged 42
Adopted
Dastan Mirza	15 June 1648	14 November 1717	Aged 69
Ahmed Mirza	11 May 1652	3 October 1710	Aged 58

List of Mughal Emperors

No.	Portrait	Titular Name	Birth Name	Reign	Life
1.		Babur بابر	Zahir ud-Din Muhammad ظهیر الدین محمد	21 April 1526 – 26 December 1530 (4 years, 8 months and 5 days)	14 February 1483 – 26 December 1530 (Aged 47)
2.		Humayun همایوں	Nasir ud-Din Muhammad نصیر الدین محمد	26 December 1530  – 27 January 1556 (25 years, 1 month and 1 day)	6 March 1508  – 27 January 1556 (Aged 47)
3.		Akbar I اکبر	Jalal ud-Din Muhammad جلال الدین محمد	11 February 1556 – 27 October 1605 (49 years, 8 months and 16 days)	15 October 1542 – 27 October 1605 (Aged 63)
4.		Jahangir جهانگیر	Nur ud-Din Muhammad نور الدین محمد	3 November 1605 – 28 October 1627 (21 years, 11 months and 25 days)	31 August 1569 –28 October 1627 (Aged 58)
5.		Shah Alam I اعظم شاه	Qutb ud-Din Muhammad قطب الدين محمد	4 November 1627 – 19 August 1628 (9 months and 15 days)	23 January 1598 –22 August 1628 (Aged 30)
6.		Shah Jahan I شاه جهان	Shihab ud-Din Muhammad شهاب الدین محمد	19 August 1628 – 31 July 1658 (29 years, 11 months and 12 days)	5 January 1592 –22 January 1666 (Aged 74)
7.		Alamgir I عالمگیر	Muhi al-Din Muhammad محی الدین محمد	31 July 1658 – 28 March 1712 (53 years, 7 months and 28 days)	20 December 1618 –28 March 1712 (Aged 93)
8.		Bahadur Shah I بهادر شاہ	Mirza Muhammad Mu'azzam مرزا محمد معظم	10 April 1712 – 29 August 1713 (1 year, 4 months and 10 days)	14 October 1643 –29 August 1713 (Aged 69)
9.		Jahandar Shah جهاندار شاہ	Muiz ud-Din Muhammad معز الدین محمد	5 October 1713 – 17 September 1719 (5 years, 11 months and 12 days)	9 May 1661 – 17 September 1719 (Aged 58)
10.		Shah Jahan II شاہ جهان دوم	Rafi al-Din Muhammad رفع الدين محمد	27 September 1719 – 15 October 1720 (1 year and 18 days)	6 June 1696 – 15 October 1720 (Aged 24)
11.		Muhammad Shah محمد شاه	Nasir al-Din Muhammad نصیر الدین محمد	13 November 1720 – 26 April 1748 (27 years, 5 months and 13 days)	7 August 1702 – 26 April 1748 (Aged 45)
12.		Ahmad Shah احمد شاہ بهادر	Mujahid al-Din Muhammad مجاهد الدین محمد	29 April 1748 – 2 June 1754 (6 years, 1 month and 4 days)	23 December 1725 – 1 January 1775 (Aged 49)
13.		Alamgir II عالمگیر دوم	Aziz al-Din Muhammad عزیز اُلدین محمد	3 June 1754 – 30 November 1759 (5 years, 5 months and 27 days)	5 June 1699 – 30 November 1759 (Aged 60)
14.		Shah Jahan III شاه جهان سوم	Muhi al-Millat Muhammad محیی الملت محمد	10 December 1759 – 10 October 1760 (10 months)	27 February 1712 – 29 June 1772 (Aged 60)
15.		Shah Alam II شاه عالم دوم	Jalal al-Din Muhammad جلال الدین محمد	10 October 1760 – 11 October 1788 (28 years and 1 day)	25 June 1728 – 31 July 1790 (Aged 62)
16.		Shah Jahan IV جهان شاه چهارم	Shams al-Din Muhammad شمس الدین محمد	16 October 1788 – 19 November 1806 (18 years, 1 month and 3 days)	12 December 1749 – 19 November 1806 (Aged 56)
17.		Akbar II اکبر دوم	Muin al-Din Muhammad میرزا اکبر	19 November 1806 – 28 September 1837 (30 years, 10 months and 9 days)	22 April 1760 – 28 September 1837 (Aged 77)
18.		Bahadur Shah II بهادر شاه دوم	Siraj al-Din Muhammad سراج الدین محمد	28 September 1837 – 21 September 1857 (19 years, 11 months and 24 days)	24 October 1775 – 7 November 1862 (Aged 87)