User:Quinlan718/Dianjiaoben Twenty-Four Histories

Dianjiaoben Twenty-Four Histories
Cover of the Dianjiaoben edition of the Records of the Grand Historian (1982 edition)
AuthorWritten by Sima Qian and others
Collated and punctuated by Gu Jiegang and others
PublisherZhonghua Book Company
Publication date1959–1978 (First edition)
2006–present (Revised edition)

The Dianjiaoben Twenty-Four Histories (simplified Chinese: 《点校本二十四史》; traditional Chinese: 《點校本二十四史》) is the product of a project by the Beijing-based Zhonghua Book Company to punctuate and collate the Chinese Twenty-Four Histories. It is the current standard edition of the Twenty-Four Histories.

In July 1956, Mao Zedong instructed Wu Han and Fan Wenlan to organize the punctuation of the "Four Early Histories", which was later designated as a tribute for the 10th anniversary of the People's Republic of China. In the spring of 1978, the final punctuated and collated volume, the Song Shi, was published, marking the end of a project that had spanned over two decades. Since 2006, the Zhonghua Book Company has been undertaking a new revision of the Dianjiaoben Twenty-Four Histories.

History

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First Punctuation and Collation Project

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Before the publication of the Dianjiaoben Twenty-Four Histories, the Bainaben Twenty-Four Histories by Zhang Yuanji was considered the best edition of the Twenty-Four Histories in China. However, it lacked any punctuation or sentence breaks, making it difficult for the average person to read.[1]

As early as 1956, Zheng Zhenduo, then Vice Minister of Culture of the People's Republic of China, wrote in the People's Daily proposing the compilation and publication of a "PRC edition of the Twenty-Four Histories with a brand-new look and excellent collation." In February 1958, a planning group for the organization and publication of ancient texts was established. The first plan formulated by this group included the "Twenty-Four Histories".[2]

In July of the same year, Mao Zedong instructed Wu Han and Fan Wenlan to organize the punctuation of the "Four Early Histories". On September 13, Wu and Fan convened a meeting of scholars titled the "Conference on Punctuating the Four Early Histories and Redrawing Yang Shoujing's Maps," which established the division of labor and a plan for the project. The "Four Early Histories" were scheduled for publication before October 1959 as a tribute for the 10th anniversary of the PRC. Additionally, the conference tasked the Beijing Zhonghua Book Company with organizing staff to create a plan for punctuating the other twenty histories and the Draft History of Qing. After Wu Han revised the meeting minutes, he reported to Mao Zedong in the names of both himself and Fan. Mao replied, "The plan is excellent; please proceed accordingly."[3][4]

The Zhonghua Book Company immediately organized scholars such as Gu Jiegang, Nie Chongqi, Qi Sihe, Song Yunbin, Fu Binran, Chen Naiqian, Zhang Xichen, and Wang Boxiang to punctuate and collate the "Twenty-Four Histories". They formulated the "Plan for Organizing the 'Twenty-Four Histories'," which was included in the "Key Plan for Organizing and Publishing Ancient Texts from Three to Eight Years (1960–1967)". Due to the complexity of the work, only the Shiji was completed before October 1, 1959. The punctuated editions of the "Four Early Histories" were not fully published until 1965.[5]

To ensure the project's progress, Zhao Shouyan proposed to Zhou Yang of the Publicity Department of the Chinese Communist Party that scholars from other regions responsible for various histories be transferred to Beijing. In the autumn and winter of 1963, scholars like Tang Changru, Zheng Tianting, and Wang Zhongluo were brought to Beijing to work on the project. In 1966, with the outbreak of the Cultural Revolution, the organization work on the "Twenty-Four Histories" came to a halt.[6]

Second Project

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In May 1967, at the suggestion of Qi Benyu, the Zhonghua Book Company was instructed to resume the punctuation and collation of the "Twenty-Four Histories," and the original team was allowed to return. However, only a portion of the original scholars could be seconded to the company. Others were deemed to have "serious problems" by the "Rebel Factions" at their respective institutions and could not be transferred. The Zhonghua Book Company filled the vacancies with personnel from the Academic Departments (now the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences) and various universities in Beijing, along with its own staff, to continue the work. On January 14, 1968, Qi Benyu was "asked to take leave for self-criticism" by the Central Committee, and the project was halted once again.[7]:255

According to the "Report Requesting Instructions on the Organization and Publication of the Twenty-Four Histories and the Draft History of Qing", the progress on the remaining twenty histories before the Cultural Revolution was as follows:[8]

Typesetting complete (3 works): Book of Southern Qi, Book of Zhou, Book of Chen

Collation and punctuation complete, ready for typesetting after revision of collation notes (4 works): Book of Jin, Book of Liang, Book of Northern Qi, Book of Sui

Collation and punctuation complete, partially proofread, ready for typesetting after full proofreading (1 work): History of Ming

Largely or partially collated and punctuated (11 works): Book of Song, Book of Wei, History of the Southern Dynasties, History of the Northern Dynasties, Old Book of Tang, New Book of Tang, Old History of the Five Dynasties, New History of the Five Dynasties, History of Song, History of Liao, History of Jin. (For the History of Song, a complete preliminary punctuated draft by Nie Chongqi also existed).

A small part preliminarily punctuated (1 work): History of Yuan

Third Project

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In 1971, the National Publication Work Conference was held in Beijing. Zhou Enlai issued a directive: "Of the Twenty-Four Histories, aside from those already punctuated, add the Draft History of Qing. Please have the Zhonghua Book Company take responsibility for organizing them, invite people to punctuate them, with Mr. Gu Jiegang as the general editor," and requested, "You must cooperate and consult with each other, avoid duplication, and complete the work sooner."[9] As early as 1958, the Zhonghua Book Company had already commissioned the entire Draft History of Qing to be punctuated and collated for a photolithographic edition. However, due to rough work and poor choice of base text, it was never published.[10] At that time, Gu Jiegang was elderly and in poor health, and did not actually participate in the project. Bai Shouyi served as the head of the "'Twenty-Four Histories' and 'Draft History of Qing' Punctuation and Collation Group," with Wu Shuping and Zhao Shouyan as deputy heads.[7]:257

On May 3, 1971, the State Council's Publication Leading Group drafted the "Report Requesting Instructions on the Organization and Publication of the Twenty-Four Histories and the Draft History of Qing". It reported to the Central Committee on the "status of the Twenty-Four Histories collation," "organization and division of labor," "methods for collation and punctuation," "methods for handling the Draft History of Qing" and the overall project schedule, which received Mao Zedong's approval.[11][12]

According to the report, to accelerate the work, the staff were concentrated in Beijing and Shanghai. "Beijing's work was managed by the Zhonghua Book Company, and Shanghai's by the Shanghai People's Publishing House."[13] The two Books of Tang, the two Histories of the Five Dynasties, and the History of Song were assigned to the Shanghai People's Publishing House, with Zhonghua's existing drafts and materials made available for their reference. The remaining parts of the "Twenty-Four Histories" and the Draft History of Qing were handled by the Zhonghua Book Company.[7]:256 The project's focus was on punctuation and paragraphing. The report required that the main text of each history be divided into paragraphs and punctuated with modern punctuation marks. Proper names for people, places, books, and some official titles were marked with special symbols. The punctuation was to be accurate, and paragraphing was to be logical without disrupting the text's structure. After each history was completed, important textual variations were to be compiled into "collation notes" (校勘記) placed at the end of each chapter or section.[13]

The original plan was to publish the complete punctuated editions of the "Twenty-Four Histories" and the Draft History of Qing by 1973.[14] However, the punctuated edition of the History of Song was not published until the spring of 1978, at which point the punctuation and publication of the entire "Twenty-Four Histories" were finally complete, over four years behind schedule.[15]

First Edition Details

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Title Punctuators and Collators Publication Date Notes
Shiji Gu Jiegang, He Cijun, Song Yunbin September 1959 Gu Jiegang had intended to punctuate the Shiji as early as the Republican era. In 1954, Zhonghua Book Company invited Gu to work on it, which he did with his student He Cijun. After the 1958 conference on the "Four Early Histories," Song Yunbin took over, building on Gu's work. Song frequently consulted with Wang Boxiang and Ye Shengtao on punctuation issues. Zhonghua held multiple meetings with scholars to discuss the matter. Nie Chongqi served as the final proofreader. The edition used Zhang Wenhu's collated version as the base text, and no new collation notes were created.[16]
Han Shu Northwest University History Department (punctuation), Fu Donghua (collation notes) June 1962 Used Han Shu Buzhu (漢書補注, without the Buzhu commentary) as the base text, collated against multiple versions, and incorporated some collation opinions from Buzhu and Yang Shuda's Han Shu Kuiguan (漢書窺管). The punctuation was done by Northwest University's History Department, refined by Fu Donghua, who also wrote the collation notes at the end of each volume.[7]:252
Hou Han Shu Song Yunbin May 1965
Sanguozhi Chen Naiqian December 1959 Had no single base text; four versions were cross-collated. Textual variants did not specify the source version. Simple collation notes at the end of the book were sourced from Lu Bi's Sanguozhi Jijie (三國志集解).[7]:252
Book of Jin Wu Zeyu, Yang Bojun, Chen Zhong'an November 1974 Wu Zeyu's punctuated version was partially typeset by 1966, but the plates were dismantled during the Cultural Revolution.[7]:254 After the Cultural Revolution, Yang Bojun reviewed and revised Wu's original draft.[7]:256
Book of Song Wang Zhongluo (punctuation and collation), Fu Xuancong (editing) October 1974 The "Five Histories of the Southern Dynasties" were initially assigned to the Shanghai Historical Society, then reassigned to Wang Zhongluo, Lu Zhenhua, and Zhang Weihua of Shandong University's History Department. In May 1961, Zhao Shouyan visited Jinan to check progress. It was expected that the Book of Liang and Book of Southern Qi would be done by year's end, with the Book of Chen finished by mid-1962, and the Book of Song and History of the Southern Dynasties completed in 1962.

However, none were completed on schedule. By May 1963, preliminary work had begun on the Book of Southern Qi and Book of Liang. The History of the Southern Dynasties was partially started by Hua Shan, while the Book of Song and Book of Chen had not begun. From autumn 1963 until the Cultural Revolution, the three scholars were transferred to Beijing. Wang Zhongluo was responsible for the Book of Southern Qi and Zhang Weihua for the Book of Chen, both of which were completed and typeset. Lu Zhenhua was responsible for the Book of Liang, which was nearly finished but not finalized.

Late in the Cultural Revolution, Wang Zhongluo went to Beijing and continued work on the "Five Histories," completing most of the Book of Song after the revolution. Lu Zhenhua, paralyzed in his lower body, could not travel but completed the final draft of the Book of Liang and the collation of the History of the Southern Dynasties from his sickbed.[17]

Book of Southern Qi Wang Zhongluo (punctuation), Song Yunbin (editing) January 1972
Book of Liang Lu Zhenhua (punctuation), Song Yunbin and Zhao Shouyan (editing) May 1973
Book of Chen Zhang Weihua March 1972
History of the Southern Dynasties Wang Zhongluo, Lu Zhenhua June 1975
Book of Wei Wang Yongxing, Wang Shaoying, Tang Changru June 1974 The "Four Histories of the Northern Dynasties" were undertaken by the History Department of Wuhan University, led by Tang Changru. The work began in late 1960 with the formation of a seven-person team: Tang Changru (leader), Chen Zhong'an, Shi Quan, Zhao Ting, Chen Qingzhong, Cao Shaolian, and Tan Liangyi. Chen Zhong'an assisted Tang throughout the entire project.

In May 1963, Zhao Shouyan visited Wuhan to check on progress. The university estimated that the Book of Zhou and Book of Northern Qi would be internally reviewed and collated with the History of the Northern Dynasties before the summer break. The Book of Wei was expected to be completed the following year. In reality, the project fell behind schedule. Before the Cultural Revolution, the Book of Zhou was fully completed and typeset but not printed. The Book of Northern Qi was nearly finished. The main work on the Book of Wei and History of the Northern Dynasties was done in the later stages of the Cultural Revolution.[18]

Book of Northern Qi Tang Changru, Chen Zhong'an, Shi Quan, Zhao Ting, Chen Qingzhong, Cao Shaolian, Tan Liangyi, et al. November 1972
Book of Zhou Tang Changru, Chen Zhong'an, Shi Quan, Zhao Ting, Chen Qingzhong, Cao Shaolian, Tan Liangyi, et al. November 1971
History of the Northern Dynasties Tang Changru, Chen Zhong'an October 1974
Book of Sui Wang Shaoying, Yin Falu, Deng Jingyuan August 1973 The Book of Sui was initially offered to Wuhan University, which declined. It was then offered to Shandong University, but no agreement was reached.[17] It was finally assigned to Wang Shaoying. After Wang's death during the Cultural Revolution, Yin Falu continued the work.[7]:256
Old Book of Tang Liu Jie, Chen Naiqian, Fudan University Chinese and History Departments May 1975 Zhonghua Book Company assigned the two Books of Tang to the History Department of Sun Yat-sen University. The university assigned the Old Book of Tang to Liu Jie and later Chen Naiqian, who completed a preliminary draft with some collation notes before the Cultural Revolution. The New Book of Tang was assigned to Dong Jiazun, who only completed a preliminary draft before the Cultural Revolution.[7]:251
New Book of Tang Dong Jiazun, East China Normal University, Fudan University Chinese History Research Institute February 1975
Old History of the Five Dynasties Chen Yuan, Liu Naihe, Fudan University May 1976 The project was headed by Chen Yuan. Liu Naihe was responsible for the Old History of the Five Dynasties, and Chai Degeng was responsible for the New History of the Five Dynasties.[7]:251
New History of the Five Dynasties Chen Yuan, Chai Degeng December 1974
History of Song Nie Chongqi, Luo Jizu, Deng Guangming, Pei Rucheng, Zhang Jiaju, Yan Keshu, et al. Spring 1978 (Copyright page dated Nov. 1977)[7]:257 Nie Chongqi was responsible for the project. He passed away just after completing the initial punctuation (his process was to punctuate first, then collate). Luo Jizu continued his work. Deng Guangming was responsible for the eleven treatises (志).[7]:251
History of Liao Feng Jiasheng, Chen Shu October 1974 Initially assigned to Feng Jiasheng. After Feng's death during the Cultural Revolution, Chen Shu continued the work.[7]:256-257
History of Jin Fu Lehun, Zhang Zhenglang (punctuation), Cui Wenyin (editing) July 1975 Initially assigned to Fu Lehun. After Fu's death during the Cultural Revolution, Zhang Zhenglang continued the work.[7]:256-257
History of Yuan Weng Dujian, Shao Xunzheng, Lin Chen, Zhou Qingshu April 1976 Initially assigned to Weng Dujian. In the later period of the Cultural Revolution, Shao Xunzheng and scholars from the Mongolian History Research Office at Inner Mongolia University participated, with Lin Chen and Zhou Qingshu contributing significantly. Shao Xunzheng passed away in 1973.[7]:257
History of Ming Zheng Tianting, Wang Yuquan, Zhou Zhenfu April 1974 Undertaken by the Ming-Qing History Research Office at Nankai University, led by Zheng Tianting.[7]:251 When work resumed in 1971, Zheng had not yet been politically "liberated," so Nankai University did not approve his transfer to Beijing. Wang Yuquan and Zhou Zhenfu continued the project.[7]:257 Although Zheng did not participate in the later stages, he provided many suggestions.[19]
Draft History of Qing Luo Ergang, Qi Gong, Wang Zhonghan, Sun Yutang December 1977 Liu Danian also participated in the early stages. Due to numerous issues with the Draft History of Qing, "especially concerning foreign relations and border issues," it was distributed internally.[20][7]:257

Revisions

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In 2006, the Zhonghua Book Company launched the "Revision Project for the Twenty-Four Histories and the Draft History of Qing", which "sought to resolve issues in the original punctuated and collated edition and incorporate the latest academic research through a comprehensive and systematic review of versions and textual revisions, creating a completely new and upgraded version."[21] The publication status of the revised editions is as follows:

Title Reviser(s) Publication Date ISBN Notes
Shiji Zhao Yuqun, Wang Guihai October 2013 ISBN 9787101103144 [22]
Han Shu (Forthcoming)
Hou Han Shu (Forthcoming)
Sanguozhi (Forthcoming)
Book of Jin Expected 2025 [23]
Book of Song Ding Fulin June 2018 ISBN 9787101107012
Book of Southern Qi Jing Shuhui August 2017 ISBN 9787101127157
Book of Liang Jing Shuhui, Liu Canpeng June 2020 ISBN 9787101143980 [24]
Book of Chen Jing Shuhui, Zheng Xiaorong August 2021 ISBN 9787101152722 [25][26]
History of the Southern Dynasties Zhang Jinlong November 2023 ISBN 9787101163537 [27]
Book of Wei He Dezhang January 2017 ISBN 9787101122701
Book of Northern Qi Wei Bin August 2024 ISBN 9787101166781 [28]
Book of Zhou Liu Anzhi November 2022 ISBN 9787101159455 [29]
History of the Northern Dynasties (Forthcoming)
Book of Sui Wu Yugui, Meng Yanhong January 2019 ISBN 9787101136289 [30]
Old Book of Tang (Forthcoming)
New Book of Tang (Forthcoming)
Old History of the Five Dynasties Chen Shangjun August 2015 ISBN 9787101119985 [31]
New History of the Five Dynasties Chen Shangjun August 2015 ISBN 9787101106292
History of Liao Liu Pujiang April 2016 ISBN 9787101116076
History of Jin Cheng Nina November 2019 ISBN 9787101142181 [32]
History of Yuan (Forthcoming)
History of Ming (Forthcoming)
Draft History of Qing (Forthcoming)

[[Category:Twenty-Four Histories]]

  1. Shangguan Yun (2019-09-20). "揭秘"点校本二十四史"出版往事:历时20年完成" [Unveiling the Publishing Story of the "Dianjiaoben Twenty-Four Histories": A 20-Year Endeavor]. China News Service. Archived from the original on 2020-01-24. Retrieved 2023-03-26. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  2. Wu Yashun (2013-10-19). "中华书局版点校本《史记》迎来首次修订本" [Zhonghua Book Company's Dianjiaoben "Shiji" Welcomes Its First Revised Edition]. The Beijing News. Archived from the original on 2023-10-16. Retrieved 2023-03-26. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
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  4. Li Jing (2012). "整理"国史"—"二十四史"点校记" [Organizing the "National Histories"—A Record of the Punctuation and Collation of the "Twenty-Four Histories"]. Sanlian Lifeweek. No. 10. Archived from the original on 2023-03-29. Retrieved 2023-03-29. {{cite magazine}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  5. "中华书局点校本"二十四史"" [Zhonghua Book Company's Dianjiaoben "Twenty-Four Histories"]. China Publishing Group. 2010-01-20. Archived from the original on 2023-03-26. Retrieved 2023-03-26. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
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  7. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Cite error: The named reference Zhao was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  8. "整理出版二十四史及《清史稿》的请示报告" [Report Requesting Instructions on the Organization and Publication of the Twenty-Four Histories and the "Draft History of Qing"]. Northeast Asia Research. 8: 19-24. 2005-01. Archived from the original on 2023-03-26. Retrieved 2023-03-26. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
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  16. Wang Qingting (2019). ""众手为之"与20世纪50年代点校《史记》" ["A Collective Effort" and the Punctuation of "Shiji" in the 1950s]. Journal of Langfang Teachers University (Social Science Edition). 35 (01): 65-71.
  17. 1 2 Shu Ping (2017-09-18). "徐俊谈《南齐书》及"南朝五史"的点校与修订" [Xu Jun on the Punctuation, Collation, and Revision of the "Book of Southern Qi" and the "Five Histories of the Southern Dynasties"]. Shanghai Review of Books. Archived from the original on 2018-01-04. Retrieved 2023-03-26. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  18. Shu Ping (2017-03-06). "徐俊谈《魏书》及"北朝四史"的点校与修订(上)" [Xu Jun on the Punctuation, Collation, and Revision of the "Book of Wei" and the "Four Histories of the Northern Dynasties" (Part 1)]. Shanghai Review of Books. Archived from the original on 2021-12-04. Retrieved 2023-03-26. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  19. Zheng Kesheng. "郑天挺与《明史》点校" [Zheng Tianting and the Punctuation of the "History of Ming"]. Archived from the original on 2023-03-26. Retrieved 2023-03-26. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
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  21. Cite error: The named reference :43 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  22. "點校本《史記》修訂"大事記":季羨林曾提"我的建議"" [A "Chronicle" of the Revision of the Dianjiaoben "Shiji": Ji Xianlin Once Offered "My Suggestions"]. People's Daily Online. 2013-10-21. Archived from the original on 2023-03-26. Retrieved 2023-03-26. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  23. Hou Mo (2025-01-11). "点校本"二十四史"和《清史稿》修订工程进展如何?《晋书》有望在2025年推出" [What is the Progress of the Dianjiaoben "Twenty-Four Histories" and "Draft History of Qing" Revision Project? "Book of Jin" Expected in 2025]. China Publishing & Media Business Report. Retrieved 2025-03-11.
  24. Zhang Jie (2020-08-16). "上海书展㉒ | "点校本二十四史及《清史稿》修订工程"又有新进展 《金史》《梁书》修订本出版面世" [Shanghai Book Fair ㉒]. The Cover. Archived from the original on 2023-10-16. Retrieved 2023-03-26. {{cite web}}: Text "New Progress in the "Dianjiaoben Twenty-Four Histories and Draft History of Qing Revision Project": Revised Editions of "History of Jin" and "Book of Liang" are Published" ignored (help)
  25. Chen Xue (2021-09-05). "点校本"二十四史"《陈书》修订本面世:三十三载"楼台烟雨" 半个世纪史家耕耘" [Revised Edition of the Dianjiaoben "Book of Chen" Released: 33 Years of "Misty Pavilions," Half a Century of Scholarly Toil]. Guangming Daily. Archived from the original on 2023-05-22. Retrieved 2023-03-26. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  26. Jing Shuhui; Zhou Wenjun; Li Danjie (2021-08-29). "《陈书》专题︱景蜀慧等谈《陈书》的编纂、点校与修订" ["Book of Chen" Feature]. Shanghai Review of Books. Archived from the original on 2022-08-19. Retrieved 2023-03-26. {{cite web}}: Text "Jing Shuhui et al. on the Compilation, Punctuation, and Revision of the "Book of Chen"" ignored (help)
  27. Chen Xue (2023-11-17). "点校本《南史》修订本在京发布 点校本"二十四史"修订过半" [Revised Dianjiaoben "History of the Southern Dynasties" Launched in Beijing; Revisions for Dianjiaoben "Twenty-Four Histories" Over Halfway Complete]. Guangming Daily. p. 9. Archived from the original on 2024-02-20. Retrieved 2024-02-20. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  28. Bi Kangjian (2024-08-27). "《北齐书》修订本正式出版" [Revised Edition of "Book of Northern Qi" Officially Published]. Wuhan University News. Retrieved 2024-09-06. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  29. Shen Jiequn. "中华书局点校本《周书》修订本发布会线上举办" [Zhonghua Book Company Holds Online Launch for Revised Edition of Dianjiaoben "Book of Zhou"]. China Youth Daily. Archived from the original on 2023-10-16. Retrieved 2023-03-26. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  30. "中华书局点校本24史修订本《隋书》正式上市了!" [The Revised Edition of Zhonghua Book Company's Dianjiaoben "Book of Sui" is Officially on Sale!]. Wenhui Daily. 2019-02-28. Archived from the original on 2023-03-26. Retrieved 2023-03-26. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  31. Dianjiaoben Old History of the Five Dynasties Revision Team (2015-08-20). "点校本《旧五代史》修订了哪些内容" [What Content Was Revised in the Dianjiaoben "Old History of the Five Dynasties"?]. The Paper. Archived from the original on 2023-10-16. Retrieved 2023-03-26. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  32. Ma Jing (2020-08-29). "丝丝入扣 字斟句酌" [Meticulous and Deliberate]. Guangming Daily. Archived from the original on 2020-08-29. Retrieved 2023-03-26. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)