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User:Nrco0e/Notes/Irregular moons/Moons of Jupiter

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Orbital diagram of the orbital inclination and orbital distances for Jupiter's rings and moon system at various scales. Notable moons, moon groups, and rings are individually labeled. Each illustration is ten times more zoomed in than the next. Open the image for full resolution.

The moons of Jupiter are listed below by orbital period. Moons massive enough for their surfaces to have collapsed into a spheroid are highlighted in bold. These are the four Galilean moons, which are comparable in size to the Moon. The other moons are much smaller, with the least massive Galilean moon being more than 7,000 times more massive than the most massive of the other moons. The irregular captured moons are shaded light gray and orange when prograde and yellow, red, and dark gray when retrograde. The orbits and mean distances of the irregular moons are strongly variable over short timescales due to frequent planetary and solar perturbations,[1] therefore the orbital elements of all irregular moons shown here are averaged over a 400-year numerical integration.[2] Their proper orbital elements are all based on the epoch of 1 January 2000.[2] A number of other moons have only been observed for a year or two, but have decent enough orbits to be easily measurable at present.[1]

Key
 
Inner moons		 ♠
Galilean moons		 †
Ungrouped moons		 ♣
Himalia group		 §
Carpo group		 ♦
Ananke group		 ♥
Carme group		 ‡
Pasiphae group
Label
[note 1]		 Name
 Pronunciation Image Abs.
magn.[3]		 Diameter (km)[4][note 2] Mass
(×1016 kg)[5][note 3]		 Semi-major axis
(km)[2]		 Orbital period (d)
[2][note 4]		 Inclination
(°)[2]		 Eccentricity
[4]		 Discovery
year[6]		 Year announced Discoverer[7][6] Group
[note 5]
XVIMetis/ˈmiːtəs/
10.543
(60 × 40 × 34)		≈ 3.6128000+0.2948
(+7h 04m 29s)		0.0600.000219791980Synnott
(Voyager 1)		Inner
XVAdrastea/ædrəˈstiːə/
12.016.4
(20 × 16 × 14)		≈ 0.20129000+0.2983
(+7h 09m 30s)		0.0300.001519791979Jewitt
(Voyager 2)		Inner
VAmalthea/æməlˈθiːə/[8]
7.1167
(250 × 146 × 128)		208181400+0.4999
(+11h 59m 53s)		0.3740.003218921892BarnardInner
XIVThebe/ˈθiːbiː/
9.098.6
(116 × 98 × 84)		≈ 43221900+0.6761
(+16h 13m 35s)		1.0760.017519791980Synnott
(Voyager 1)		Inner
IIo♠/ˈaɪoʊ/
–1.73643.2
(3660 × 3637 × 3631)		8931900421800+1.76270.050[9]0.004116101610GalileoGalilean
IIEuropa♠/jʊəˈroʊpə/[10]
–1.43121.64799800671100+3.52550.470[9]0.009016101610GalileoGalilean
IIIGanymede♠/ˈɡænəmiːd/[11][12]
–2.15268.2148190001070400+7.15560.200[9]0.001316101610GalileoGalilean
IVCallisto♠/kəˈlɪstoʊ/
–1.24820.6107590001882700+16.6900.192[9]0.007416101610GalileoGalilean
XVIIIThemisto†/θəˈmɪstoʊ/
13.3≈ 9≈ 0.0387398500+130.0343.80.3401975/20001975Kowal & Roemer/
Sheppard et al.		Themisto
XIIILeda♣/ˈliːdə/
12.721.5≈ 0.5211146400+240.9328.60.16219741974KowalHimalia
LXXIErsa♣/ˈɜːrsə/
16.0≈ 3≈ 0.001411401000+249.2329.10.11620182018SheppardHimalia
 S/2018 J 2♣16.5≈ 3≈ 0.00141142040028.70.15420182022SheppardHimalia
VIHimalia♣/hɪˈmeɪliə/
8.0139.6
(150 × 120)		42011440600+250.5628.10.16019041905PerrineHimalia
LXVPandia♣/pænˈdaɪə/
16.2≈ 3≈ 0.001411481000+251.9129.00.17920172018SheppardHimalia
XLysithea♣/laɪˈsɪθiə/
11.242.2≈ 3.911700800+259.2027.20.11719381938NicholsonHimalia
 S/2011 J 3♣16.3≈ 3≈ 0.00141170830027.90.17620112022SheppardHimalia
VIIElara♣/ˈɛlərə/
9.779.9≈ 2711712300+259.6427.90.21119051905PerrineHimalia
LIIIDia♣/ˈdaɪə/
16.1≈ 4≈ 0.003412260300+278.2129.00.23220002001Sheppard et al.Himalia
 S/2018 J 4§16.7≈ 2≈ 0.000421634780049.80.20920182023SheppardCarpo
XLVICarpo§/ˈkɑːrpoʊ/
16.2≈ 3≈ 0.001417042300+456.2953.20.41620032003SheppardCarpo
LXIIValetudo†/væləˈtjuːdoʊ/
17.0≈ 1≈ 0.00005218694200+527.6134.50.21720162018SheppardValetudo
XXXIVEuporie♦/ˈjuːpəriː/
16.3≈ 2≈ 0.0004219265800−550.69145.70.14820012002Sheppard et al.Ananke
LVS/2003 J 18♦
16.4≈ 2≈ 0.0004220336300−598.12145.30.09020032003GladmanAnanke
LXEupheme♦/juːˈfiːmiː/
16.6≈ 2≈ 0.0004220768600−617.73148.00.24120032003SheppardAnanke (core)
 S/2021 J 3♦17.2≈ 2≈ 0.0004220782500147.80.23420212023SheppardAnanke (core)
LIIS/2010 J 2♦
17.4≈ 1≈ 0.00005220793000−618.84148.10.24820102011VeilletAnanke (core)
LIVS/2016 J 1♦
17.0≈ 1≈ 0.00005220802600−618.49144.70.23220162017SheppardAnanke
XLMneme♦/ˈniːmiː/
16.3≈ 2≈ 0.0004220821000−620.07148.00.24720032003Sheppard & GladmanAnanke (core)
XXXIIIEuanthe♦/juːˈænθiː/
16.4≈ 3≈ 0.001420827000−620.44148.00.23920012002Sheppard et al.Ananke (core)
 S/2003 J 16♦
16.3≈ 2≈ 0.0004220882600−622.88148.00.24320032003GladmanAnanke (core)
XXIIHarpalyke♦/hɑːrˈpæləkiː/
15.9≈ 4≈ 0.003420892100−623.32147.70.23220002001Sheppard et al.Ananke (core)
XXXVOrthosie♦/ɔːrˈθoʊziː/
16.6≈ 2≈ 0.0004220901000−622.59144.30.29920012002Sheppard et al.Ananke
XLVHelike♦/ˈhɛləkiː/
16.0≈ 4≈ 0.003420915700−626.33154.40.15320032003SheppardAnanke
XXVIIPraxidike♦/prækˈsɪdəkiː/
14.97≈ 0.01820935400−625.39148.30.24620002001Sheppard et al.Ananke (core)
LXIVS/2017 J 3♦
16.5≈ 2≈ 0.0004220941000−625.60147.90.23120172018SheppardAnanke (core)
 S/2003 J 12♦
17.0≈ 1≈ 0.00005220963100−627.24150.00.23520032003SheppardAnanke (Hermippe)
LXVIIIS/2017 J 7♦16.6≈ 2≈ 0.0004220964800−626.56147.30.23320172018SheppardAnanke (core)
 S/2021 J 2♦17.3≈ 1≈ 0.00005220975200147.70.23120212023SheppardAnanke (core)
XLIIThelxinoe♦/θɛlkˈsɪnoʊiː/16.3≈ 2≈ 0.0004220976000−628.03150.60.22820032004Sheppard & Gladman et al.Ananke (Hermippe)
XXIXThyone♦/θaɪˈoʊniː/
15.8≈ 4≈ 0.003420978000−627.18147.50.23320012002Sheppard et al.Ananke (core)
 S/2021 J 1♦17.3≈ 2≈ 0.0004220992900151.20.23420212023SheppardAnanke (Hermippe)
 S/2003 J 2♦
16.7≈ 2≈ 0.0004220997700−628.79150.20.22520032003SheppardAnanke (Hermippe)
XIIAnanke♦/əˈnæŋkiː/
11.729.1≈ 1.321034500−629.79147.60.23719511951NicholsonAnanke (core)
XXIVIocaste♦/aɪəˈkæstiː/
15.5≈ 5≈ 0.006521066700−631.59148.80.22720002001Sheppard et al.Ananke
XXXHermippe♦/hərˈmɪpiː/
15.5≈ 4≈ 0.003421108500−633.90150.20.21920012002Sheppard et al.Ananke (Hermippe)
LXXS/2017 J 9♦16.2≈ 3≈ 0.001421768700−666.11155.50.20020172018SheppardAnanke
LVIIIPhilophrosyne‡/fɪləˈfrɒzəniː/16.7≈ 2≈ 0.0004222604600−702.54146.30.22920032003SheppardPasiphae
 S/2016 J 3♥16.7≈ 2≈ 0.0004222750900164.70.25420162023SheppardCarme
XXXVIIIPasithee♥/ˈpæsəθiː/
16.8≈ 2≈ 0.0004222846700−719.47164.60.27020012002Sheppard et al.Carme
LXIXS/2017 J 8♥
17.1≈ 1≈ 0.00005222849500−719.76164.80.25520172018SheppardCarme
 S/2021 J 6♥17.3≈ 1≈ 0.00005222867600165.00.27620212023SheppardCarme
 S/2003 J 24♥16.6≈ 2≈ 0.0004222887400−721.60164.50.25920032021Sheppard et al.Carme
XXXIIEurydome‡/jʊəˈrɪdəmiː/
16.2≈ 3≈ 0.001422899000−717.31149.10.29420012002Sheppard et al.Pasiphae
LVIS/2011 J 2‡16.8≈ 1≈ 0.00005222909200−718.32151.90.35520112012SheppardPasiphae
 S/2003 J 4‡
16.7≈ 2≈ 0.0004222926500−718.10148.20.32820032003SheppardPasiphae
XXIChaldene♥/kælˈdiːniː/
16.0≈ 4≈ 0.003422930500−723.71164.70.26520002001Sheppard et al.Carme
LXIIIS/2017 J 2♥
16.4≈ 2≈ 0.0004222953200−724.71164.50.27220172018SheppardCarme
XXVIIsonoe♥/aɪˈsɒnoʊiː/
16.0≈ 4≈ 0.003422981300−726.27164.80.24920002001Sheppard et al.Carme
XLIVKallichore♥/kəˈlɪkəriː/16.3≈ 2≈ 0.0004223021800−728.26164.80.25220032003SheppardCarme
XXVErinome♥/ɛˈrɪnəmiː/
16.0≈ 3≈ 0.001423032900−728.48164.40.27620002001Sheppard et al.Carme
 S/2021 J 4♥17.4≈ 1≈ 0.00005223042900164.70.26920212023SheppardCarme
XXXVIIKale♥/ˈkeɪliː/
16.3≈ 2≈ 0.0004223052600−729.64164.60.26220012002Sheppard et al.Carme
LVIIEirene♥/aɪˈriːniː/15.8≈ 4≈ 0.003423055800−729.84164.60.25820032003SheppardCarme
XXXIAitne♥/ˈeɪtniː/
16.0≈ 3≈ 0.001423064400−730.10164.60.27720012002Sheppard et al.Carme
XLVIIEukelade♥/juːˈkɛlədiː/
16.0≈ 4≈ 0.003423067400−730.30164.60.27720032003SheppardCarme
XLIIIArche♥/ˈɑːrkiː/
16.2≈ 3≈ 0.001423097800−731.88164.60.26120022002SheppardCarme
XXTaygete♥/teɪˈɪdʒətiː/
15.6≈ 5≈ 0.006523108000−732.45164.70.25320002001Sheppard et al.Carme
 S/2016 J 4‡17.3≈ 1≈ 0.00005223109400146.90.28820162023SheppardPasiphae
LXXIIS/2011 J 1♥16.7≈ 2≈ 0.0004223124500−733.21164.60.27120112012SheppardCarme
XICarme♥/ˈkɑːrmiː/
10.646.7≈ 5.323144400−734.19164.60.25619381938NicholsonCarme
LHerse♥/ˈhɜːrsiː/16.5≈ 2≈ 0.0004223150500−734.52164.40.26220032003Gladman et al.Carme
LXIS/2003 J 19♥16.6≈ 2≈ 0.0004223156400−734.78164.70.26520032003GladmanCarme
LIS/2010 J 1♥
16.5≈ 2≈ 0.0004223189800−736.51164.50.25220102011Jacobson et al.Carme
 S/2003 J 9♥
16.9≈ 1≈ 0.00005223199400−736.86164.80.26320032003SheppardCarme
LXVIS/2017 J 5♥16.5≈ 2≈ 0.0004223206200−737.28164.80.25720172018SheppardCarme
LXVIIS/2017 J 6‡16.6≈ 2≈ 0.0004223245300−733.99149.70.33620172018SheppardPasiphae
XXIIIKalyke♥/ˈkæləkiː/
15.46.9≈ 0.01723302600−742.02164.80.26020002001Sheppard et al.Carme
XXXIXHegemone‡/həˈdʒɛməniː/15.9≈ 3≈ 0.001423348700−739.81152.60.35820032003SheppardPasiphae
 S/2018 J 3♥17.3≈ 1≈ 0.00005223352200165.20.27220212023SheppardCarme
 S/2021 J 5♥16.8≈ 2≈ 0.0004223441500164.90.26920212023SheppardCarme
 S/2003 J 10♥
16.9≈ 2≈ 0.0004223446200164.40.25420032003SheppardCarme
VIIIPasiphae‡/pəˈsɪfeɪiː/
10.157.8≈ 1023468200−743.61148.40.41219081908MelottePasiphae
XXXVISponde‡/ˈspɒndiː/
16.7≈ 2≈ 0.0004223543300−748.29149.30.32220012002Sheppard et al.Pasiphae
XIXMegaclite‡/ˌmɛɡəˈklaɪtiː/
15.0≈ 5≈ 0.006523644600−752.86149.80.42120002001Sheppard et al.Pasiphae
XLVIIICyllene‡/səˈliːniː/16.3≈ 2≈ 0.0004223654700−751.97146.80.41920032003SheppardPasiphae
IXSinope‡/səˈnoʊpiː/
11.135≈ 2.223683900−758.85157.30.26419141914NicholsonPasiphae
LIXS/2017 J 1‡
16.8≈ 2≈ 0.0004223744800−756.41145.80.32820172017SheppardPasiphae
XLIAoede‡/eɪˈiːdiː/15.6≈ 4≈ 0.003423778200−761.46155.70.43620032003SheppardPasiphae
XXVIIIAutonoe‡/ɔːˈtɒnoʊiː/
15.5≈ 4≈ 0.003423792500−761.00150.80.33020012002Sheppard et al.Pasiphae
XVIICallirrhoe‡/kəˈlɪroʊiː/
14.09.6≈ 0.04623795500−758.86145.10.29719992000Scotti et al.Pasiphae
 S/2003 J 23‡
16.6≈ 2≈ 0.0004223829300−760.00144.70.31320032004SheppardPasiphae
XLIXKore‡/ˈkɔːriː/
16.6≈ 2≈ 0.0004224205200−776.76141.50.32820032003SheppardPasiphae
  1. 1 2 Cite error: The named reference Jacobson2017 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 Cite error: The named reference jplsats was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  3. ↑ Cite error: The named reference MPC-NatSats was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  4. 1 2 Cite error: The named reference SheppardMoons was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  5. ↑ "Planetary Satellite Physical Parameters". Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 28 March 2022.
  6. 1 2 Cite error: The named reference jplsats-disc was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  7. ↑ Cite error: The named reference Gazetteer was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  8. ↑ "Amalthea". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary. Merriam-Webster. OCLC 1032680871.
  9. 1 2 3 4 Siedelmann P.K.; Abalakin V.K.; Bursa, M.; Davies, M.E.; et al. (2000). The Planets and Satellites 2000 (Report). IAU/IAG Working Group on Cartographic Coordinates and Rotational Elements of the Planets and Satellites. Archived from the original on 12 May 2020. Retrieved 31 August 2008.
  10. ↑ "Europa - definition of Europa in English from the Oxford dictionary". OxfordDictionaries.com. Archived from the original on 21 July 2012. Retrieved 20 January 2016.
  11. ↑ "Ganymede - definition of Ganymede in English from the Oxford dictionary". OxfordDictionaries.com. Archived from the original on 14 March 2013. Retrieved 20 January 2016.
  12. ↑ "Ganymede". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary. Merriam-Webster. OCLC 1032680871.
  1. ↑ Label refers to the Roman numeral attributed to each moon in order of their naming.
  2. ↑ Diameters with multiple entries such as "60 × 40 × 34" reflect that the body is not a perfect spheroid and that each of its dimensions has been measured well enough.
  3. ↑ The only satellites with measured masses are Amalthea, Himalia, and the four Galilean moons. The masses of the inner satellites are estimated by assuming a density similar to Amalthea's (0.86 g/cm3), while the rest of the irregular satellites are estimated by assuming a spherical volume and a density of 1 g/cm3.
  4. ↑ Periods with negative values are retrograde.
  5. ↑ "?" refers to group assignments that are not considered sure yet.
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