| Sovereign state |
Predecessors |
|---|
| Albania |
 Ottoman Empire
 Republic of Albania (–present) |
| Andorra |
Kingdom of France (–1278)
 Principality of Andorra (1278–present) |
| Armenia |
 Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
 Republic of Armenia (–present) |
| Austria |
 Austria-Hungary
 Republic of Austria |
| Azerbaijan |
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
 Republic of Azerbaijan[1] (–present) |
| Belarus |
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
 Republic of Belarus (–present) |
| Belgium |
 United Kingdom of the Netherlands
 Kingdom of Belgium (–present) |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina |
 Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
 Bosnia and Herzegovina[1] (–present) |
| Bulgaria |
First Bulgarian Empire (681-1018)
 Byzantine Empire (1018-1185)
Second Bulgarian Empire (1185-1396)
Ottoman Empire (1396-1878)
 Principality of Bulgaria (1878-1908)
Kingdom of Bulgaria (1908-1946)
 People's Republic of Bulgaria (1946-1990)
Republic of Bulgaria (1990–present) |
| Croatia |
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
 Republic of Croatia (–present) |
| Cyprus |
 United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
 Republic of Cyprus (–present) |
| Czechia |
 Czechoslovak Republic
Czechoslovak Socialist Republic
Czech and Slovak Federal Republic
Czech Republic (–present) |
| Denmark |
 Kingdom of Denmark[2] (–present) |
| Estonia |
 Russian Empire
 Republic of Estonia (1918-present) |
| Finland |
Russian Empire
 Republic of Finland (–present) |
| France |
Carolingian Empire (800–843)
West Francia (843–987)
 Kingdom of France (987–1791)
 Kingdom of the French (1791–1792)
 French Republic (1792–1804)
French Empire (1804–1814, 1815)
 Kingdom of France (1814–1815, 1815–1830)
Kingdom of the French (1830–1848)
French Republic (1848–1852)
French Empire (1852–1870)
French Republic (1870–1940)
French State (1940–1944)
French Republic[3] (1944–present) |
| Georgia |
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
 Georgia (–present) |
| Germany |
 German Democratic Republic (and  West Germany)
Federal Republic of Germany (–present) |
| Greece |
Ottoman Empire
 Kingdom of Greece
 Hellenic Republic (–present) |
| Hungary |
Austria-Hungary
 Republic of Hungary (–present) |
| Iceland |
Kingdom of Denmark
 Iceland (–present) |
| Ireland |
 Kingdom of Ireland (-1800)
 United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (1800-1922)
 Ireland (Republic of Ireland) (1922–present) |
| Italy |
 Kingdom of Sardinia (1720–1861)
 Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946)
 Italian Republic (1946–present) |
| Kazakhstan |
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
 Republic of Kazakhstan[1] (–present) |
| Latvia |
Russian Empire
 Republic of Latvia (–present) |
| Liechtenstein |
 German Confederation
 Principality of Liechtenstein (–present) |
| Lithuania |
Russian Empire
 Kingdom of Lithuania
 Republic of Lithuania (–present) |
| Luxembourg |
Kingdom of the Netherlands
 Grand Duchy of Luxembourg (–present) |
| Macedonia |
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
 Republic of Macedonia (–present) |
| Malta |
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
 Republic of Malta (–present) |
| Moldova |
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
 Republic of Moldova (–present) |
| Monaco |
 Republic of Genoa (–1297)
 Principality of Monaco (1297–present) |
| Montenegro |
 Principality of Montenegro
 Kingdom of Montenegro
 Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes
Kingdom of Yugoslavia
 Kingdom of Montenegro (1941–1944)
 Democratic Federal Yugoslavia
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
 Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
State Union of Serbia and Montenegro[4]
 Montenegro[5] (–present) |
| Netherlands |
 Crown of Castile (–1581)
Kingdom of the Netherlands (1581–present) |
| Norway |
 Kingdom of Norway (–present) |
| Poland |
 Republic of Poland (–present) |
| Portugal |
Kingdom of León (–1139)
 Kingdom of Portugal (1139–1910)
 Portuguese Republic (1910–present) |
| Romania |
Ottoman Empire
 Romania (–present) |
| Russia |
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
Russian Federation (–present) |
| San Marino |
Roman Empire (–301)
 Republic of San Marino (301–present) |
| Serbia |
Serbian Empire
Ottoman Empire
 Principality of Serbia
 Kingdom of Serbia
Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes
Kingdom of Yugoslavia
Democratic Federal Yugoslavia
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
State Union of Serbia and Montenegro[4]
 Republic of Serbia (–present) |
| Slovakia |
Czechoslovak Republic
Czechoslovak Socialist Republic
Czech and Slovak Federal Republic
 Slovak Republic (–present) |
| Slovenia |
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
 Republic of Slovenia (–present) |
| Spain |
 Crown of Aragon and Crown of Castile
 Kingdom of Spain (1716–present) |
| Sweden |
 Kingdom of Sweden (–present) |
| Switzerland |
 Holy Roman Empire (–1291)
Old Swiss Confederacy (1291–1798)
 Helvetic Republic (1798–1803)
 Swiss Confederation (1803–present) |
| Turkey |
Ottoman Empire
 Republic of Turkey (–present) |
| Ukraine |
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
 Ukraine (–present) |
| United Kingdom |
 Kingdom of England (927–1649, 1660–1707),  Kingdom of Scotland (843–1651, 1659–1707) and Kingdom of Ireland (1542–1651)
 Commonwealth of England (1649–1653, 1659–1660)
Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland (1653–1659)
 Kingdom of Great Britain (1707–1800) and Kingdom of Ireland (1659–1800)
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (1801–1927)
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (1927–present) |
| Vatican City |
Kingdom of Italy
 State of the Vatican City (–present) |
.svg){kind=small}
