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Viking raids and conquest
	; Viking drakkar on the Bayeux Tapestry
Date	8th – 11th century
Location	Europe, Mediterranean Sea, North America
Result	foundation of independent settlements,; first European overseas discoveries
Belligerents
norse vikings Petty kingdoms of Norway; Kingdom of Norway Earldom of Orkney; and Shetlands; Kingdom of the Isles; Faroe Islands; ; Icelandic Commonwealth; Kingdom of Dublin; Groenland; Vinland; danish vikings Kingdom of Denmark Danelaw Kingdom of Jorvik; The Five Boroughs; Danish East Anglia; ; ; Duchy of Normandy; swedish vikings (Varangians) Kingdom of Sweden; Holmgard; Rus' Khaganate; Jomsvikings 11th century; North Sea Empire Kingdom of Denmark; Kingdom of Norway; Kingdom of England; part of Sweden;	western front Northumbria; Mercia; Wessex; Kingdom of Kent; Kingdom of East Anglia; Kingdom of Gwynedd; Gaelic Ireland; West Francia; East Francia; Lotharingia; Kingdom of Brittany; Duchy of Brittany; Kingdom of Asturias; Kingdom of Galicia; Emirate of Córdoba; Caliphate of Córdoba; Emirate of Sicily; Principality of Capua; Principality of Salerno; Duchy of Benevento; Duchy of Gaeta; eastern front Finns; Sami people; Balts Old Prussians; ; East Slavs; Poland; Bjarmia; Khazaria; Volga Bulgaria; voyages across the Atlantic Ocean Skrælings;
Commanders and leaders
Olaf II of Norway; Harald III of Norway; Rollo; Rurik; Erik the Red; Leif Eriksson; Halfdan Ragnarsson; Rorik of Dorestad; Canute the Great	Ælla; Osberht; Burgred; Ceolwulf II; Ealhmund; Egbert; Æthelwulf; Æthelberht; Alfred the Great; Charles the Bald; Louis the Stammerer; Louis III; Carloman II; Charles the Fat; Charles the Simple

The Third Crusade
	Part of the Crusades
	; Siege of Acre
Date	11 May 1189 – 2 September 1192
Location	Mostly Levant and Anatolia
Result	Treaty of Jaffa Crusader military victory, resulting in a three-year truce.; Recognition of the territorial status quo at the end of active campaigning, including continued Muslim control of Jerusalem and the restoration of the Levantine Crusader States.; The safety of both Christian and Muslim unarmed pilgrims guaranteed throughout the Levant.;
Territorial; changes	The Crusade captures Cyprus and the Kingdom of Cyprus is established.; The Levantine coast from Tyre to Jaffa returned to Crusader control.; The Crusaders recapture Tiberias and some inland territories from the Muslims.;
Belligerents
Crusade: ; Angevin Empire England; Normandy; Aquitaine; Anjou; Poitou; Brittany; Gascon crusaders; Welsh crusaders; ; Kingdom of France Burgundy; Blois; Champagne; Flanders; ; Holy Roman Empire Swabia; Austria; Bohemia; Thuringia; Brandenburg; Montferrat; Baden; Holland; Holstein; Cagliari; ; Kingdom of Hungary Italian crusaders Republic of Genoa; Republic of Pisa; ; Levantine Crusader states:; Kingdom of Jerusalem County of Tripoli; Principality of Antioch Military orders Knights Templar; Knights Hospitaller; Teutonic hospice brotherhood; Order of the Holy Sepulchre; Order of Saint Lazarus; Knights of Saint Thomas; ; Eastern Christian allies: Armenian Principality of Cilicia;	Sunni Muslim states: Ayyubid Sultanate Sultanate of Egypt; Emirate of Damascus; Emirate of Hamah; Emirate of Mesopotamia; ; Sultanate of Rûm Nizari Ismaili Muslims:; Assassins of Syria Eastern Christian opponents: Byzantine Empire; Empire of Cyprus;
Commanders and leaders
Crusaders: Richard the Lionheart; Philip II Hugh III †; Theobald V †; Henry II; Philip of Flanders †; ; Frederick Barbarossa † Frederick VI †; Leopold V; Conrad of Montferrat; Děpolt II †; Albert II; Louis III; Floris III; Herman IV; Adolf III; William of Cagliari; Markward von Annweiler; ; Prince Géza; Margaritus of Brindisi; Levantine Crusader states: Guy of Lusignan; Humphrey IV; Balian of Ibelin; Raymond III; Joscelin III †; Military orders: Robert de Sablé; Armengol de Aspa; Garnier de Nablus; Master Sibrand; Eastern Christian allies: Leo of Armenia;	Sunni Muslim forces: Saladin Taqi ad-Din; Saphadin; Al-Afdal; Gökböri; ; Kilij Arslan II; Nizari Ismailis: Rashid ad-Din Sinan; Eastern Christian opponents: Isaac II Angelos; Isaac Komnenos of Cyprus;
Strength
36,000–74,000 troops in total (estimate): 8,000–9,000 Angevin (English, Normans, Aquitanians, Welsh, etc) troops with Richard I, up to 17,000 or 50000 according to some sources including non-combatants and sailors; 7,000+ French with Phillip II (inc. 650 knights and 1,300 squires); 12,000–15,000 Germans with Frederick I (inc. 3–4,000 knights); 2,000 Hungarians with Géza; Two additional contingents also joined Frederick's army while travelling through byzantine empire. Numbered about 1000 men. From 7,000 to 40,000 from the rest of Europe and Outremer;	Ayyubids:; 40,000 (Saladin's field army, 1189 – estimate); 5,000–20,000 (Acre's garrison, 1189); Seljuks:; 22,000+ (Qutb al-Din's field army only, 1190)

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Viking raids

1 2 Frank McLynn. "Richard and John: Kings at War." Page 219.
↑ Tyerman, p. 436
↑ Loud 2010, p. 19.
↑ Hunyadi, Zsolt (2011), A keresztes háborúk világa, p. 41.
↑ McLynn, p. 219: breakdown includes 2,000 Outremer levies, 1,000 Templars and Hospitallers, 2,000 Genoese and Pisans, and 2,000 Danes, Norwegians, and Turcopoles.
↑ Hosler 2018, pp. 72–73.
↑ Hosler 2018, p. 54.
↑ Hosler 2018, p. 34.
↑ Pryor, John H. (2015). "A Medieval Siege of Troy: The Fight to the Death at Acre, 1189–1191 or The Tears of Ṣalāḥ al-Dīn". In Halfond, Gregory I. (ed.). The Medieval Way of War: Studies in Medieval Military History in Honor of Bernard S. Bachrach. Farnham: Ashgate. Page 108.
↑ Tyerman p. 422: "After desperate fighting involving the Emperor himself, the Turks outside the city were defeated [by the Imperial and Hungarian army], apparently against numerical odds."
↑ Loud 2010, p. 104: the Seljuks lost 5,000+ men per their own bodycount estimates on May 7, 1190, soon before the Battle of Iconium.

[McLynn219-1] 1 2 Frank McLynn. "Richard and John: Kings at War." Page 219.

[2] Tyerman, p. 436

[FOOTNOTELoud201019-3] Loud 2010, p. 19.

[4] Hunyadi, Zsolt (2011), A keresztes háborúk világa, p. 41.

[5] McLynn, p. 219: breakdown includes 2,000 Outremer levies, 1,000 Templars and Hospitallers, 2,000 Genoese and Pisans, and 2,000 Danes, Norwegians, and Turcopoles.

[FOOTNOTEHosler201872–73-6] Hosler 2018, pp. 72–73.

[FOOTNOTEHosler201854-7] Hosler 2018, p. 54.

[FOOTNOTEHosler201834-8] Hosler 2018, p. 34.

[9] Pryor, John H. (2015). "A Medieval Siege of Troy: The Fight to the Death at Acre, 1189–1191 or The Tears of Ṣalāḥ al-Dīn". In Halfond, Gregory I. (ed.). The Medieval Way of War: Studies in Medieval Military History in Honor of Bernard S. Bachrach. Farnham: Ashgate. Page 108.

[Tyerman3-10] Tyerman p. 422: "After desperate fighting involving the Emperor himself, the Turks outside the city were defeated [by the Imperial and Hungarian army], apparently against numerical odds."

[11] Loud 2010, p. 104: the Seljuks lost 5,000+ men per their own bodycount estimates on May 7, 1190, soon before the Battle of Iconium.

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