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flowers
Anchusa azurea

Since the first printing of Carl Linnaeus's Species Plantarum in 1753, plants have been assigned one epithet or name for their species and one name for their genus, a grouping of related species.[1] These scientific names have been catalogued in a variety of works, including Stearn's Dictionary of Plant Names for Gardeners. William Stearn (1911–2001) was one of the pre-eminent British botanists of the 20th century: a Librarian of the Royal Horticultural Society, a president of the Linnean Society and the original drafter of the International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants.[2][3]

The first column below lists seed-bearing species epithets that describe flower coloration from Stearn's Dictionary, Latin for Gardeners[4] by Lorraine Harrison, The A to Z of Plant Names by Allen Coombes, The Gardener's Botanical[5] by Ross Bayton, and the glossary of Stearn's Botanical Latin.[6] Proper nouns and proper adjectives are excluded, along with epithets used only in species names that are no longer widely accepted. Classical and modern meanings are provided in the third column, along with citations to Charlton T. Lewis's An Elementary Latin Dictionary.[7][a]

Key

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LG = language: (L)atin or (G)reek
L = derived from Latin, or both Classical Latin and Greek (unless otherwise noted)
G = derived from Greek
H = listed by Harrison, and (except as noted) by Bayton
D = listed in Stearn's Dictionary
S = listed in Stearn's Botanical Latin
DS = listed in Stearn's Dictionary, with the word or root word listed in Botanical Latin
C = listed by Coombes

Epithets

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"flowers"
S. albens←
"flowers"
P. albidus←
"flowers"
L. amethystea←
"flower"
U. amethystina←
"illustration of leaves and flowers"
D. aqueum←
Epithets
Epithets[8][b] LG [9] Meanings and derivations Example species[c] H DS C
adustus Lsunburnt; brown[7] Carex adusta DS
aeneus Lbronze[7] Begonia aenea* DS
albens Lwhitish[7] Stachys albens S
albescens Loff-white Stanleya albescens* HDS
albidus Loff-white Sassafras albidum HDSC[10]
albulus Loff-white Carex albula H
albus Lwhite Lupinus albus HDSC[11]
amethysteus Lamethyst Orobanche amethystea* S
amethystinus Lviolet; purple[7] Utricularia amethystina HDSC[12]
anthracinus Gcoal-black Caladenia anthracina S
aqueus Lclear, like water Dendrobium aqueum S
ardesiacus Lslate-coloured Moraea ardesiaca* S
argentatus Lsilvery[7] Coccothrinax argentata HDC[13]
argenteus Lsilvery Pipturus argenteus HDSC[14]
argillaceus Lwhite-clay; whitish Phacelia argillacea DS
argillosus Lwhite-clay Calochortus argillosus S
argyraeus Lsilvery. Also argyreus.[15] Acacia argyraea HDSC[16]
ater Ldead-black;[7] dark. Feminine atra, neuter atrum. Neololeba atra DS
atrans Ldarkening Nymphaea atrans* S
atratus Lblackened[7] Microtis atrata DSC[17]
aurantiacus Lorangish[9] Isochilus aurantiacus HDSC[18]
aurantius Lorangish[9] Banksia aurantia HD
auratus Lgolden Disa aurata HDS
aureolinus Laureolin yellow Cyrtanthus aureolinus* S
aureus Lgolden[7] Ficus aurea HDSC[19]
azureus Lsky-blue[9] Anchusa azurea HDSC[20]
caerulescens Lbecoming blue Thlaspi caerulescens HDS
caeruleus Lazure[7] Lonicera caerulea HDSC[21]
caesius Lbluish-gray; lavender blue; cutting[7] Eucalyptus caesia HDSC[22]
candidus Lshining white[7] Cypripedium candidum HDSC[23]
candicans HDSC[24]
candidissimus Lwhitest, from candor[7] Arisaema candidissimum DC[25]
cardinalis Lscarlet Lobelia cardinalis HDSC[26]
carmineus Lcarmine. From Arabic and Latin. Metrosideros carminea HDS
cerasinus Lcherry-red Corybas cerasinus HDS
chionanthus Gsnow-flowered Eomecon chionantha HDSC[27]
chloodes Ggrass-green Centaurium chloodes* DS
chryseus Ggolden Nephelium chryseum HDS
cinereus Lash-gray, from cinis,[7] ashes Juglans cinerea HDSC[28]
cinerascens HDS
cinnabarinus Gcinnabar-red Scadoxus cinnabarinus HDSC[29]
coccineus Lscarlet, from coccum[7] Banksia coccinea HDSC[30]
coelestinus Lsky-blue, celestial[7] Conoclinium coelestinum HDC[31]
coelestis HDS
coeruleus Lblue[7] Aquilegia coerulea HDSC[17]
coerulescens Lbecoming blue Boronia coerulescens DS
columbarius Ldove-blue; dove-like. From columba,[7] dove. Impatiens columbaria* HDC[32]
corallinus Gcoral-red Aloe corallina HDS
cretaceus Lchalky, from creta[7] Caladenia cretacea HDS
croceus Lsaffron-yellow[7] Iris crocea HDS
crocatus HD
cruentus Lbloodstained[7] Amaranthus cruentus HDSC[33]
cupreus Lcoppery Erythranthe cuprea HDS
cupreatus HD
cyaneus Gblue Commelina cyanea HDSC[21]

See also

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Notes

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  1. ↑ The Latin and Latinised Greek words in the first column have masculine endings. If the genus is feminine, the -us ending generally becomes -a, -is is unchanged, and -er becomes -era, or occasionally -ra, as noted; other endings remain unchanged. For a neuter genus, -us becomes -um, -is becomes -e and -er becomes -erum, or occasionally -rum.
  2. ↑ Since all of the references cited in the table except Coombes arrange their species epithets alphabetically, citations with page numbers are provided only for Coombes, and each source in the table except for Coombes is always represented by the same superscript.
  3. ↑ Red links for species are followed by an asterisk linking to the genus.

Citations

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  1. ↑ Cullen, p. 38.
  2. ↑ The Linnean Society.
  3. ↑ Stearn, p. ix, x.
  4. ↑ Harrison.
  5. ↑ Bayton.
  6. ↑ Stearn 2004.
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 Lewis.
  8. ↑ POWO.
  9. 1 2 3 4 Gledhill.
  10. ↑ Coombes, p. 266.
  11. ↑ Coombes, p. 23.
  12. ↑ Coombes, p. 70.
  13. ↑ Coombes, p. 238.
  14. ↑ Coombes, p. 87.
  15. ↑ Coombes, p. 124.
  16. ↑ Coombes, p. 227.
  17. 1 2 Coombes, p. 47.
  18. ↑ Coombes, p. 33.
  19. ↑ Coombes, p. 29.
  20. ↑ Coombes, p. 43.
  21. 1 2 Coombes, p. 37.
  22. ↑ Coombes, p. 276.
  23. ↑ Coombes, p. 116.
  24. ↑ Coombes, p. 219.
  25. ↑ Coombes, p. 50.
  26. ↑ Coombes, p. 194.
  27. ↑ Coombes, p. 243.
  28. ↑ Coombes, p. 134.
  29. ↑ Coombes, p. 253.
  30. ↑ Coombes, p. 101.
  31. ↑ Coombes, p. 102.
  32. ↑ Coombes, p. 267.
  33. ↑ Coombes, p. 41.

References

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Further reading

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  • Brown, Roland (1956). Composition of Scientific Words. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press. ISBN 9781560988489. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
  • Liddell, Henry George; Scott, Robert (2013). An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon. Mansfield Centre, Connecticut: Martino Fine Books. ISBN 9781614273974. Reprint of the 1888/1889 edition. Available online at the Perseus Digital Library.
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