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List of soft-skinned vehicles of the British Commonwealth's militaries in the Second World War

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This list of soft-skinned vehicles of the British Commonwealth militaries in the Second World War is a list of soft-skinned vehicle models[note 1] that saw active service in the militaries of the Commonwealth of Nations during the Second World War, including military trucks, motorcycles, side-by-sides and tractors.

Classification

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Within the Armies of the Commonwealth, wheeled soft-skinned vehicles were usually classified by weight class and drive. The most common weight classes being:[1]

  • 8-cwt = 8 long hundredweight, 0.40 long tons, 0.41 tonnes, 0.45 short tons
  • 15-cwt = 15 long hundredweight, 0.75 long tons, 0.76 tonnes, 0.84 short tons
  • 30-cwt = 30 long hundredweight, 1.5 long tons, 1.5 tonnes, 1.7 short tons
  • 3-ton (sometimes classified as 60 cwt) = 60 long hundredweight, 3.0 long tons, 3.0 tonnes, 3.4 short tons
  • 5-ton = 5 long tons, 5.1 tonnes, 5.6 short tons
  • 10-ton = 10 long tons, 10 tonnes, 11 short tons

List of makes and models

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Light cars, utilities, heavy cars and light trucks

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Name Image Class Drive Country of origin Notes
Austin 8 HP Series AP 2-seat car 4x2 United Kingdom Produced by the Austin Motor Company, it was a militarised 2-seat saloon version of the civilian Austin 8.[2][3]
Austin 10 HP Series G/YG & G/RQ Saloon / light utility 4x2 United Kingdom Produced by the Austin Motor Company as a light utility and 4-seat saloon, it was a militarised version of the Austin 10, over 30,000 were produced during the war.[3][4][5]
Bantam BRC-40 1⁄4-ton command / reconnaissance car 4x4 United States Designed and produced by American Bantam as a 4x4 1⁄4-ton command / reconnaissance car, its competitor to the Willys MB was selected by the US military as its standard of the class. Most of the 2,675 produced were supplied to the British and the USSR under Lend-Lease, it was the first Jeep to enter British service.[6][7][8]
Chevrolet C8 / C8A 8-cwt 4x2 / 4x4 Canada Canadian Military Pattern 8 cwt 4x2 (C8) and 4x4 (C8A) WD-pattern trucks manufactured by General Motors Canada.[9]
Dodge T212 (D8A) 8-cwt 4x4 Canada Canadian Military Pattern 8 cwt 4x4 WD-pattern trucks manufactured by Chrysler Canada.[10]
Ford F8 8-cwt 4x2 Canada Canadian Military Pattern 8 cwt 4x2 WD-pattern trucks manufactured by Ford Canada.[11]
Ford GP 1⁄4-ton command / reconnaissance car 4x4 United States Designed and produced by the Ford Motor Company as a 4x4 1⁄4-ton command / reconnaissance car, its competitor to the Willys MB was selected by the US military as its standard of the class. Most of the initial 1,500 produced were supplied to the British under Lend-Lease.[6][12][13]
Ford GPA 1⁄4-ton amphibious car 4x4 United States Designed and produced by the Ford Motor Company, it was an amphibious version of the Ford GPW, a number were supplied to the British under Lend-Lease.[13][14][15]
Fordson WOA1 120px Saloon 4x2 United Kingdom The Fordson WOA1 and WOA1/A were 4 saloon staff cars manufactured by Ford of Britain. Many saw desert service, fitted with desert tyres, and extra water and petrol can stowage. [16][17][18]
Fordson WOA2 Heavy utility 4x2 United Kingdom The Fordson WOA2 and WOA2/A were heavy utilities and 4 seat tourers manufactured by Ford of Britain.[19][20][18]
Fordson WOC1 8-cwt 4x2 United Kingdom Family of 8 cwt 4x2 WD-pattern trucks manufactured by Ford of Britain. Built in Britain but based on a US style Ford, it was more powerful than British utilities. 2,000 were built between December 1939-July 1940, before being replaced in production by the WOC2.[21][22][18]
Humber FWD 8-cwt 4x4 United Kingdom Versions included heavy staff car, 8 cwt truck and light ambulance manufactured by Humber Limited.[23]
Humber Snipe 8-cwt 4x2 United Kingdom Saloon, tourer, heavy utilit, FFW ('Fitted for Wireless') communications vehicle and 8 cwt GS truck manufactured by Humber Limited. Over 250,000 of all versions served with British Commonwealth forces during the war.[24][25]
Morris 10hp Series M Light utility 4x2 United Kingdom 4x2 light utility manufactured by Morris Commercial Cars built on a saloon chassis from the same manufacturer.[19]
Morris PU 8-cwt light truck 4x2 / 4x4 United Kingdom Produced by Morris Commercial Cars, the 4x2 version was introduced in 1936 and the 4x4 version in 1940, all production ceased in 1941.[22][26]
Standard 10hp 120px Staff car 4x2 United Kingdom Saloon staff car manufactured by Standard Motor Company.[27]
Willys MB / Ford GPW 1⁄4-ton command / reconnaissance car 4x4 United States Designed and produced by Willys-Overland Motors the MB became the US military's standard 4x4 1⁄4-ton command / reconnaissance car, 361,349 were produced and 277,896 were built under license by Ford as the GPW. Large numbers were provided to the British and various commonwealth countries under Lend-Lease.[13][28][29][30]

12 cwt to 1 ton trucks

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Name Image Weight class Drive Country of origin Notes
Bedford MW 15 cwt 4x2 United Kingdom Family of 15 cwt 4x2 WD-pattern trucks built by Bedford Vehicles, widely used by the British Army throughout the war.[31][32]
Chevrolet C15 / C15A 15 cwt 4x2 / 4x4 Canada Canadian Military Pattern 15 cwt 4x2 (F15) and 4x4 (C15A) WD-pattern trucks manufactured by General Motors Canada.[33]
Commer Beetle HMVF 15 cwt 4x2 United Kingdom Limited production 15 cwt 4x2 WD-pattern truck built by Commer that was based on a commercial vehicle from the same firm.[34]
Commer Q2 15 cwt 4x2 United Kingdom 15 cwt 4x2 WD-pattern truck built by Commer.[35]
Dodge D20 12 cwt 4x2 United States / Australia 12 cwt 4x2 utility, with a chassis manufactured by Dodge in the US, with a body manufactured and fitted in Australia.[36]
Ford F15 / F15A 15 cwt 4x2 / 4x4 Canada Canadian Military Pattern 15 cwt 4x2 (F15) and 4x4 (F15A) WD-pattern trucks manufactured by Ford Canada.[33]
Fordson WOT2 15 cwt 4x2 United Kingdom Family of 15 cwt 4x2 WD-pattern trucks built by Ford of Britain.[37]
Guy Ant HMVF 15 cwt 4x2 United Kingdom Family of 15 cwt 4x2 WD-pattern trucks built by Guy Motors based on a commercial truck from the same firm.[37]
Guy Quad-Ant 120px 15 cwt 4x4 United Kingdom 15 cwt 4x2 WD-pattern truck built by Guy Motors, it superseded the Guy Ant in production in January 1944.[37]
Humber Pullman 120px 15 cwt 4x2 United Kingdom Produced as heavy utility staff car, 15 cwt GS and limousine versions of the civilian Pullman manufactured by Humber Limited.[38]
Morris C4 15 cwt 4x2 United Kingdom 15 cwt 4x2 WD-pattern truck built by Morris Commercial Cars that was similar to the Morris Commercial CS8.[37]
Morris CS8 15 cwt 4x2 United Kingdom 15 cwt 4x2 WD-pattern truck built by Morris Commercial Cars, it was the most of its common type in the British Army at the beginning of the war. Many were lost in France during the Dunkirk evacuation and were subsequently used by the Germans.[37]
Morris C8 15 cwt 4x4 United Kingdom 15 cwt 4x4 WD-pattern truck built by Morris Commercial Cars, it was produced from 1944 superseding the Morris GS8.[39]

30 cwt to 2 ton trucks

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Name Image Weight class Drive Country of origin Notes
Austin K2 2 ton 4x2 United Kingdom 2 ton 4x2 truck chassis built by Austin Motor Company, produced in 2-ton GS truck (K2/YF) and heavy ambulance (K2/Y). The latter became the standard heavy ambulance of the British from 1940, serving on until the early 1970s. 14,685 were produced between 1939-1945.[40][41]
Austin K30 Trucks planet K30 30 cwt 4x2 United Kingdom 30 cwt 4x2 WD-pattern truck built by Austin Motor Company. 4,625 were produced between 1939-1941, large numbers were lost in 1940 and production was tapered in favour of 3 ton trucks.[42][43]
Bedford OX 30 cwt 4x2 United Kingdom Family of 30 cwt 4x2 WD-pattern trucks built by Bedford Vehicles. The OXC was available in tanker, flat platform, mobile canteen and semi-tractor variants, the latter pulling Scammel and Tasker semi-trailers. The OXD a standard WD-pattern GS truck.[44][45]
Chevrolet C30 120px 15 cwt 4x4 Canada Canadian Military Pattern 30 cwt 4x4 WD-pattern trucks manufactured by General Motors Canada.[46][47]
Commer Q2 30 cwt 4x2 United Kingdom 30 cwt 4x2 WD-pattern truck built by Commer.[35]
Ford F30 120px 30 cwt 4x4 Canada Canadian Military Pattern 30 cwt 4x4 WD-pattern trucks manufactured by Ford Canada.[46][48]
Fordson WOT3 30 cwt 4x2 United Kingdom Family of 30 cwt 4x2 WD-pattern trucks built by Ford of Britain.[19]
Thornycroft GF/TC4 'Nippy' 120px 30 cwt 4x2 United Kingdom Militarised version of the civilian Nippy, the GF/TC4 was a 30 cwt 4x2 WD-pattern truck built by Thornycroft.[49][50]
Thornycroft HF/TC4 120px 30 cwt 4x2 United Kingdom Forward control version of the civilian Nippy, the HF/TC4 had a body 2 ft (0.61 m) longer than the GF/TC4.[49][50]

3 ton trucks

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Name Image Weight class Drive Country of origin Notes
Austin K3 3 ton 4x2 / 6x4 United Kingdom 3 ton 4x2 WD-pattern truck built by Austin Motor Company. The K3 was a militarised version of an Austin civilian truck, 17,097 were produced between 1939-1945, variants included GS trucks, tippers and workshop vans.[51][40][52][53]

The Austin K3 was also built in a 6x4 version, 13,279 were produced between 1939-1945, it was supplanted by the Austin K6.[54][55]

Austin K5 3 ton 4x4 United Kingdom 3 ton 4x4 WD-pattern truck built by Austin Motor Company, variants included GS trucks and 6-pounder anti-tank gun portee. Produced between 1941-1945, 12,280 were built.[56][57][58]
Austin K6 3 ton 6x4 United Kingdom 3 ton 6x4 WD-pattern truck built by Austin Motor Company. Produced between 1944-1945, variants included GS trucks, breakdown gantry, signals van, senior leadership caravan, laboratory, fire tender and crane. The RAF was a major user of the K6, their variants included air traffic control, balloon winch, bomb carrier and bus.[59][60][61][62]
Bedford OY 3 ton 4x2 United Kingdom Family of 3 ton 4x2 WD-pattern trucks built by Bedford Vehicles, it was Bedford's most produced vehicle during the war and became a mainstay of British. Produced in a wide variety of variants including GS truck (OYD), water and fuel tanker (OYC), canteen and even X-ray machine carrier. The OYL was a variant for essential civilian work rated at 5 tons.[63][64][65]
Bedford QL 3 ton 4x4 United Kingdom Family of 3 ton 4x4 WD-pattern trucks built by Bedford Vehicles. Produced in a number of variants including Bofors 40 mm gun tractor (QLB), tank and semi-tractor (QLC), GS truck (QLD), troop carrier (QLT), wireless (QLR) as well as workshop, fire tender and office among others. 52,245 QLs were produced between 1939-1945.[56][31][66]
Fordson WOT1 3 ton 6x4 United Kingdom Family of 3 ton 6x4 WD-pattern truck manufactured by Ford of Britain. Also produced as a heavy ambulance.[67]
Thornycroft GF/TC4 120px 3 ton 4x2 United Kingdom Limited production 4x2 WD-pattern truck built by Thornycroft, it was based on their commercial Thornycroft Nippy.[68]
Thornycroft HF/TC4 120px 3 ton 4x2 United Kingdom 4x2 WD-pattern truck built by Thornycroft, it was based on a forward control version of the commercial Thornycroft Nippy.[68]

Ambulances

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Name Image Weight class Drive Country of origin Notes
Bedford ML HMVF Heavy ambulance 4x2 United Kingdom Heavy ambulance manufactured by Bedford Vehicles.[69]
Standard 14 120px Light ambulance 4x2 United Kingdom Light ambulance produced by Standard Motor Company.[69]

See also

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Notes

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  1. ↑ In some cases soft-skinned vehicle models listed may have received vehicle armour for crew defence.

References

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Citations

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  1. ↑ Vanderveen (1969), p. 121.
  2. ↑ Vanderveen (1969), p. 126.
  3. 1 2 Ware (2023a), pp. 34 & 93.
  4. ↑ McNab (2003), p. 304.
  5. ↑ Vanderveen (1969), pp. 127–128.
  6. 1 2 Vanderveen (1969), p. 19.
  7. ↑ Vanderveen (1981), p. 11.
  8. ↑ Ware (2023a), pp. 31–32 & 92.
  9. ↑ Canadian Army Overseas Vehicle Data Book (1944), pp. 46–50.
  10. ↑ Vanderveen (1969), pp. 200–201.
  11. ↑ Canadian Army Overseas Vehicle Data Book (1944), p. 45.
  12. ↑ Vanderveen (1981), p. 13.
  13. 1 2 3 Ware (2023b), pp. 27 & 94.
  14. ↑ Vanderveen (1969), p. 100.
  15. ↑ Vanderveen (1981), p. 25.
  16. ↑ Church (1980), p. 118.
  17. ↑ Vanderveen (1969), p. 128.
  18. 1 2 3 Ware (2023b), pp. 11 & 93.
  19. 1 2 3 Hogg & Weeks (1980), p. 295.
  20. ↑ Vanderveen (1969), pp. 128 & 130-131.
  21. ↑ Georgano (1994), p. 14.
  22. 1 2 Vanderveen (1969), pp. 136–137.
  23. ↑ Vanderveen (1969), p. 130 & 134-137.
  24. ↑ McNab (2003), p. 305.
  25. ↑ Vanderveen (1969), pp. 128–129, 130-131 & 136-137.
  26. ↑ Jenkinson (1983), pp. 138–139.
  27. ↑ Vanderveen (1969), pp. 128–129.
  28. ↑ Ware (2023d), pp. 87–88 & 98.
  29. ↑ Vanderveen (1969), p. 18.
  30. ↑ Vanderveen (1981), p. 17–21.
  31. 1 2 Hogg & Weeks (1980), p. 294.
  32. ↑ Ware (2012), p. 106.
  33. 1 2 Canadian Army Overseas Vehicle Data Book (1944), pp. 51–61.
  34. ↑ Vanderveen (1969), pp. 138–139.
  35. 1 2 Vanderveen (1969), pp. 138, 141–3.
  36. ↑ Vanderveen (1969), p. 204.
  37. 1 2 3 4 5 Vanderveen (1969), pp. 138 & 140.
  38. ↑ Vanderveen (1969), pp. 130–131.
  39. ↑ Hogg & Weeks (1980), p. 296.
  40. 1 2 Hogg & Weeks (1980), p. 293.
  41. ↑ Vanderveen (1969), pp. 134 & 142.
  42. ↑ Church (1985), p. 136.
  43. ↑ Vanderveen (1969), p. 142.
  44. ↑ Jenkinson (1983), p. 22.
  45. ↑ Vanderveen (1969), pp. 142–143.
  46. 1 2 Canadian Army Overseas Vehicle Data Book (1944), p. 62.
  47. ↑ Ware (2023a), p. 96.
  48. ↑ Ware (2023b), p. 94.
  49. 1 2 Ware (2023d), p. 96.
  50. 1 2 Vanderveen (1969), p. 143.
  51. ↑ Georgano (1994), p. 27.
  52. ↑ Jenkinson (1983), p. 13.
  53. ↑ Vanderveen (1969), p. 147.
  54. ↑ Georgano (1994), pp. 26–27.
  55. ↑ Vanderveen (1969), p. 155.
  56. 1 2 Church (1985), p. 40.
  57. ↑ Jenkinson (1983), p. 14.
  58. ↑ Vanderveen (1969), pp. 151 & 169.
  59. ↑ Church (1985), p. 101 & 118.
  60. ↑ Georgano (1994), p. 41.
  61. ↑ Jenkinson (1983), p. 15.
  62. ↑ Vanderveen (1969), pp. 155, 178 & 180.
  63. ↑ Georgano (1994), p. 28.
  64. ↑ Jenkinson (1983), p. 23.
  65. ↑ McNab (2003), p. 306.
  66. ↑ Jenkinson (1983), p. 24.
  67. ↑ Vanderveen (1969), pp. 134-135 & 154-155.
  68. 1 2 Vanderveen (1969), pp. 142–142.
  69. 1 2 Vanderveen (1969), pp. 134–135.

Bibliography

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  • Canadian Army Overseas Vehicle Data Book. Ottawa: Brach of the Quartermaster General, Canadian Military Headquarters. December 1944.
  • Church, John (1985). Military vehicles of World War 2. New York: Crescent Books. ISBN 0-517-469510.
  • Georgano, G. N. (1994). World War Two Military Vehicles: Transport & Halftracks. London: Osprey. ISBN 1-85532-406-7.
  • Hogg, Ian V.; Weeks, John (1980). The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Military Vehicles. London: New Burlington Books. ISBN 0-90628-675-1.
  • Jenkinson, Kieth (1983). Preserved Military Vehicles. Chatham: Rochester Press. ISBN 0-946379-08-4.
  • McNab, Chris (2003). Military Vehicles. Miami: Lewis International Inc. ISBN 1-930983-20-4.
  • Phaneuf, Ingrid; Menzies, James (2006). Trucks of the World: over 240 of the world's greatest trucks. Bath: Paragon Publishing. ISBN 1-40546-725-8.
  • Vanderveen, Bart H. (1981). The Jeep (Revised ed.). London: Frederick Warne & Co Ltd. ISBN 0-7232-2778-0.
  • Vanderveen, Bart H. (1969). The Observer's Fighting Vehicles Directory, World War II. London: Frederick Warne & Co Ltd. SBN 7232-1034-9.
  • Ware, Pat (2012). A Complete Directory of Military Vehicles. Wigston: Anness Publishing Ltd.
  • Ware, Pat (27 January 2023a). A Compendium of British Soft-Skinned Vehicles: Part 1 - AEC to F.L. Douglas (Equipment). Yardling: Kelsey Media. ISSN 2976-5307.
  • Ware, Pat (28 April 2023b). A Compendium of British Soft-Skinned Vehicles: Part 2 - Eliason to Kegresse-Hinstin. Yardling: Kelsey Media. ISSN 2976-5307.
  • Ware, Pat (28 July 2023c). A Compendium of British Soft-Skinned Vehicles: Part 3 - Lacre to Pierce-Arrow. Yardling: Kelsey Media. ISSN 2976-5307.
  • Ware, Pat (27 October 2023d). A Compendium of British Soft-Skinned Vehicles: Part 4 - RASC to Yamaha. Yardling: Kelsey Media. ISSN 2976-5307.

Category:Military trucks of the United Kingdom Category:World War II vehicles of the United Kingdom

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