The 1948 Pacific typhoon season was an average season. It had no official bounds; it ran year-round in 1948, but most tropical cyclones tend to form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean between June and December. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean.
| 1948 Pacific typhoon season | |
|---|---|
 Season summary map | |
| Seasonal boundaries | |
| First system formed | January 11, 1948 |
| Last system dissipated | December 16, 1948 |
| Strongest storm | |
| Name | Libby |
| • Maximum winds | 230 km/h (145 mph) (1-minute sustained) |
| • Lowest pressure | 924 hPa (mbar) |
| Seasonal statistics | |
| Total storms | 26 |
| Typhoons | 15 |
| Super typhoons | 1 (unofficial) |
| Total fatalities | Unknown |
| Total damage | Unknown |
| Related articles | |
The scope of this article is limited to the Pacific Ocean, north of the equator and west of the International Date Line. Storms that form east of the date line and north of the equator are called hurricanes; see 1948 Pacific hurricane season. At the time, tropical storms that formed within this region of the western Pacific were identified and named by the United States Armed Services, and these names are taken from the list that USAS publicly adopted before the 1945 season started.[1][2]
Season summary
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Storms
editSuper Typhoon Karen
edit| Typhoon (JMA) | |
| Category 4 super typhoon (SSHWS) | |
  | |
| Duration | January 11 – January 19 |
|---|---|
| Peak intensity | 240 km/h (150 mph) (1-min); 936 hPa (mbar) |
Typhoon Karen, one of the earliest recorded super typhoons, developed on January 11, well west of the Philippines. It curved westward while slowly intensifying. After a prolonged period of slow intensification, the tropical cyclone began to rapidly strengthen. It became a super typhoon on January 16. Shortly after, it weakened and dissipated on January 19.
It struck Yap on January 14, damaging and destroying establishments and houses on the island.[3] It also wrecked the roofs of some U.S. warehouses and buildings, and downed power lines.[3] A food warehouse were washed out; however, some food supplies survived.[3]
After the typhoon, the navy transported some relief supplies to the populated island.[3] No deaths were reported.[3]
Typhoon Lana
edit| Typhoon (JMA) | |
| Category 1 typhoon (SSHWS) | |
  | |
| Duration | May 16 – May 20 |
|---|---|
| Peak intensity | 150 km/h (90 mph) (1-min); 971 hPa (mbar) |
Typhoon Lana, the second system of the season, formed on May 16, west of the Philippines. It moved to the north-northeast while intensifying, reaching its peak intensity somewhere on May 18 and 19. It then weakened, until it was last noted on May 20 as it merged with a cold front.
Warnings were issued for Yap, Palau, Guam and Ulithi in preparations for the storm.[4] All ships in these islands were instructed to escape to Sangley Point due to the approaching typhoon.[5]
A plane in Guam encountered the strength of the typhoon; however, it escaped its fury.[5] Eighteen individuals were reported dead in Yap when their canoe sank during the storm.[5] The damage, however, was minimal.[5]
Typhoon Mabel
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Tropical Storm Nadine
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Tropical Storm Ophelia
edit| Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
  | |
| Duration | June 10 – June 11 |
|---|---|
| Peak intensity | 75 km/h (45 mph) (1-min); 991 hPa (mbar) |
Ophelia formed on June 10 in the South China Sea. It moved west and struck southern China. It dissipated the next day, without attaining maximum sustained winds any higher than 45 miles per hour (72 km/h).
Typhoon Pearl
edit| Typhoon (JMA) | |
| Category 2 typhoon (SSHWS) | |
  | |
| Duration | July 1 – July 8 |
|---|---|
| Peak intensity | 165 km/h (105 mph) (1-min); 960 hPa (mbar) |
Pearl originated from a tropical depression located south of the Northern Mariana Islands on July 1. Developing into a tropical storm several hours later, further development occurred as Pearl tracked northwards, with it becoming a typhoon the next day. As a result, on July 4, Pearl peaked as a modern-day very strong typhoon with sustained winds of 90 knots (105 mph) Several days later, on July 6, Pearl made landfall 40 miles east of Shanghai, veering to the northwest. Weakening occurred after this landfall, and by the time Pearl struck what is now South Korea, it was a minimal tropical storm. A weakening Pearl tracked northwards before dissipating in Manchuria on July 8.[6]
As Pearl neared Shanghai, American officials took measures to safeguard their vessels in the harbor.[7] Once Pearl struck near the city, dozens were injured due to the typhoon's high winds. Despite not experiencing the typhoon's peak winds, suburbs in Shanghai still saw some damage due to receiving winds up to 70 knots (80 mph). Elsewhere, surge produced by Pearl killed ten people (one of them a missionary) when their boat, which was off the coast of Luzon, capsized.[8][9]
Typhoon Rose
edit| Typhoon (JMA) | |
| Category 1 typhoon (SSHWS) | |
  | |
| Duration | July 23 – July 28 |
|---|---|
| Peak intensity | 130 km/h (80 mph) (1-min); 981 hPa (mbar) |
Rose formed east of the Philippines on July 23. It strengthened into a Category 1 typhoon and made landfall in Luzon. The storm traveled north and hit China as a tropical storm, and later dissipated on July 28.
Typhoon Bertha
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Tropical Storm Chris
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Tropical Storm Dolores–Eunice
edit| Typhoon (JMA) | |
| Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
  | |
| Duration | August 10 – August 14 |
|---|---|
| Peak intensity | 85 km/h (50 mph) (1-min); 990 hPa (mbar) |
Tropical Storm Dolores was tracked by the Air Weather Service located on Guam. At one point, a tropical storm was identified and assigned the name Eunice. The storm moved northwest and dissipated south of Japan. Post analysis showed that Tropical Storm Dolores was north of the forecast location and was synonymous with the system assigned Eunice.[10]
Tropical Storm Flo
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Typhoon Gertrude
edit| Typhoon (JMA) | |
| Category 2 typhoon (SSHWS) | |
  | |
| Duration | August 27 – September 4 |
|---|---|
| Peak intensity | 155 km/h (100 mph) (1-min); 976 hPa (mbar) |
Gertrude formed on August 27 east of the Philippines. It moved west while reaching peak intensity as a Category 2 typhoon. It later weakened and re-strengthened to a Category 1 typhoon. After passing Luzon, Gertrude moved west-northwest and hit China as a tropical storm. It dissipated on September 4.
Typhoon Hazel
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Typhoon Ione
edit| Typhoon (JMA) | |
| Category 4 typhoon (SSHWS) | |
  | |
| Duration | September 11 – September 17 |
|---|---|
| Peak intensity | 220 km/h (140 mph) (1-min); 925 hPa (mbar) |
A Tropical Storm formed on September 11 and soon turned toward Japan as it gained strength. Ione soon reached category 4 intensity on September 14. Ione then began to lose strength and became a category 1 on September 16. Then, Ione struck Japan in that day killing 838 people.[11] Ione further weakened and became a Tropical Storm on the 17th. Ione then dissipated.
Typhoon Jackie
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Tropical Storm Kit
edit| Typhoon (JMA) | |
| Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
  | |
| Duration | September 24 – September 28 |
|---|---|
| Peak intensity | 110 km/h (70 mph) (1-min); 989 hPa (mbar) |
Kit hit the Philippines and China as a tropical storm. After making landfall in China, the storm took an unusual track, moved south-southwest and struck Vietnam as a tropical depression.
Typhoon Libby
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Typhoon Martha
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Tropical Storm Norma
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Tropical Storm Olga
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Tropical Storm Pat
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Typhoon Rita
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Typhoon Agnes
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Tropical Storm 24W
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Typhoon Beverly
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Tropical Storm 26W
edit| Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
  | |
| Duration | December 12 – December 16 |
|---|---|
| Peak intensity | 75 km/h (45 mph) (1-min); 997 hPa (mbar) |
26W made landfall in the Southern Leyte, Philippines and Mindanao.
Other system
editBetween July 23 and August 4, the name Annabell was assigned to a North West Pacific system. The Air Weather Service issued a bulletin issued and tropical cyclone named on what was later determined to be "trough activity"
Storm names
editTropical storm names were assigned by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center since 1945.
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See also
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References
edit- ↑ Landsea, Christopher W; Dorst, Neal M (June 1, 2014). "Subject: Tropical Cyclone Names: B1) How are tropical cyclones named?". Tropical Cyclone Frequently Asked Question. United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Hurricane Research Division. Archived from the original on December 10, 2018.
- ↑ Cry, George (July 1958). Bristow, Gerald C (ed.). "Naming hurricanes and typhoons". Mariners Weather Log. 2 (4): 109. hdl:2027/uc1.b3876059. ISSN 0025-3367. OCLC 648466886.
- 1 2 3 4 5 "Yap Typhoon Veers North". The Lincoln Star. 1948-01-16. p. 5. Retrieved 2021-04-14.
- ↑ "Typhoon Named Lana Moves Towards Guam And The Philippines". Rushville Republican. 1948-05-17. p. 3. Retrieved 2021-04-14.
- 1 2 3 4 "18 Islanders Die As Typhoon Roars". The Tampa Times. 1948-05-17. p. 1. Retrieved 2021-04-14.
- ↑ "1948 Typhoon PEARL (1948183N11145)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Archived from the original on 2024-12-14. Retrieved 2 January 2025.
- ↑ "Preparing for typhoon". Sidney Daily News. 6 July 1948. p. 1. Retrieved 2 January 2025.
- ↑ "Typhoon Veers". St. Joseph Gazette. United Press International. 7 July 1948. Retrieved 2 January 2025.
- ↑ "Shanghai Hit By 80-Mile Winds From Typhoon". Athol Daily News. The Associated Press. 6 July 1948. p. 2. Retrieved 2 January 2025.
- ↑ Air Weather Service "Report on the Typhoon Post-Analysis Program (1948–1949) of the North Pacific Typhoon Warning System"
- ↑ Translate.google.com