Wikipedia

Typhoon Kirk (1996)

Typhoon Kirk, known as Isang in the Philippines, was a strong tropical cyclone that affected Japan. The 13th tropical depression, 11th named storm and 6th typhoon of the 1996 Pacific typhoon season.[1] Kirk formed at the end of the monsoon trough during late July. Kirk upgraded to a tropical storm on August 5. On August 10, the JMA upgraded Kirk to a typhoon. The storm made landfall in Kumamoto City at 10 am on August 14. Kirk downgraded to a tropical storm on August 15. Kirk became extratropical cyclone on August 16. Kirk had an anticyclonic loop and an extremely large eye. In total, Kirk made three landfalls in Japan.

Typhoon Kirk (Isang)
Typhoon Kirk on August 12
Meteorological history
FormedAugust 3, 1996 (1996-08-03)
DissipatedAugust 15, 1996 (1996-08-15)
Typhoon
10-minute sustained (JMA)
Highest winds140 km/h (85 mph)
Lowest pressure955 hPa (mbar); 28.20 inHg
Category 2-equivalent typhoon
1-minute sustained (SSHWS/JTWC)
Highest winds175 km/h (110 mph)
Lowest pressure949 hPa (mbar); 28.02 inHg
Overall effects
Fatalities5
Injuries85
Damage$189 million (1996 USD)
Areas affected
Japan
Part of the 1996 Pacific typhoon season

In Japan, five people were killed, 85 people were injured. Total damage was estimated at US$189 million (¥20.6 billion). A minimum rainfall of 545.0 mm (21.46 in) were recorded in Ebino, Miyazaki. 28 people were injured in Kagoshima Prefecture. Two people were killed, six people were injured. 31 flights were canceled in Ehime Prefecture. In Fukuoka Prefecture, eight people were injured.

Meteorological history

edit
Map plotting the storm's track and intensity, according to the Saffir–Simpson scale
Map key
Saffir–Simpson scale
  Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)
  Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
  Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
  Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
  Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
  Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
  Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
  Unknown
Storm type
triangle Extratropical cyclone, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depression

During late July, a tropical disturbance formed at the end of the monsoon trough while Typhoon Herb and Tropical Storm Joy were still active. On July 29, the JTWC issued their Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert (TCFA).[1] At 18:00 UTC on August 3, the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) began monitoring the system as a tropical depression.[2] At 18:00 UTC on the same day, the JTWC issued the warning on Tropical Depression 13W.[1] At 12:00 UTC on August 5, the JTWC upgraded Kirk to a tropical storm.[3] At 18:00 UTC on August 5, the JMA upgraded Kirk to a tropical storm.[2] On August 6, Kirk turned to the southeast and started an anticyclonic loop in its path.[1]

At 00:00 UTC on August 9, the JMA upgraded Kirk to a severe tropical storm. At 06:00 UTC on August 10, the JMA upgraded Kirk to a typhoon.[2] Prior to reaching Okinawa on August 12, Kirk developed an extremely large eye.[1] At 06:00 UTC on August 12, the JTWC estimated a unofficial peak intensity with 1-minute sustained winds of 175 km/h (110 mph).[3] At 09:00 UTC on August 13, the JMA estimated a minimum pressure of 955 hPa (28.2 inHg).[2] Kirk made landfall in Kumamoto City at 10 am on August 14.[4][5] Kirk passed over northern Kyushu and made its second landfall in Tokuyama at 3 pm on August 14.[4] At 09:00 UTC on August 14, the JMA downgraded Kirk to a severe tropical storm.[2] At 21:00 UTC on August 14, the JTWC downgraded Kirk to a tropical storm.[3] At 09:00 UTC on August 15, the JMA downgraded Kirk to a tropical storm.[2] At 00:00 UTC on August 16, the JMA declared as extratropical cyclone for the system.[2] On August 16, the JTWC declared as extratropical cyclone and issued the final warning for the system.[1] At 18:00 UTC on August 18, the JMA ceased tracking the system.[2]

Impact

edit

Nationwide, five people were killed, 85 people were injured. 2,989 homes were destroyed. 1,675 homes were flooded. Total damage was estimated at US$189 million (¥20.6 billion).[note 1] A minimum rainfall of 545.0 mm (21.46 in) were recorded in Ebino, Miyazaki, including 396.0 mm (15.59 in) over a 24-hours. A peak wind speed of 130 km/h (81 mph) was recorded in Kagoshima.[6][4] More than 100,000 homes were affected by power outages.[1]

In Kagoshima Prefecture, 28 people were injured. 286 homes were flooded. nine houses were completely destroyed. Damage was estimated at ¥2.8 billion. eight landslides were reported. 139 boats were damaged. 6 ships were damaged.[7] In Osaka Prefecture, five people were injured, Damage was estimated at ¥9.5 million. 143 flights were canceled.[8] In Kumamoto Prefecture, three people were injured. 25 flights were cancelled. A total of 4,523 ha (11,180 acres) of agricultural land were damaged.[9] In Ehime Prefecture, two people were reported dead. six people were injured, including two people in Hojo City. 47 roads were damaged. 31 flights were canceled. 55,000 people were affected by power outages.[10] In Nagasaki Prefecture, two people were injured. 12 buildings were damaged.[11] In Okinawa Prefecture, 331 flights were cancelled. Agricultural damage was estimated at ¥790 million in Okinawa Island.[12] In Tokushima Prefecture, one person were killed. two people were injured, six landslides occurred.[13]

In Oita Prefecture, two people were injured. two landslides occurred. Agricultural damage was estimated at ¥1.14 billion. The Oita Expressway were closed.[14] In Saga Prefecture, two people were injured.[15] In Fukuoka Prefecture, eight people were injured. one landslide was reported. 50 buildings were flooded. Damage was estimated at ¥1.6 billion. 65,000 people were left without power.[16] In Hyogo Prefecture, nine people were reported injured. Northern Hyogo Prefecture was placed under a storm warning at 12:30 PM on August 14.[17] In Aichi Prefecture, two people were injured, including one person in Atsuta-ku, Nagoya. 31 flights were canceled.[18] In Yamaguchi Prefecture, a 44-year-old person was killed. one person was injured. two landslides were reported.[19] In Ishikawa Prefecture, one person was injured. one landslide occurred. Damage of agriculture was estimated at ¥36 million.[20] In Shimane Prefecture, 12 flights were canceled, including 8 flights at Izumo Airport and 4 flights at Iwami Airport. 54 trains were canceled. Damage was estimated at ¥9.5 million.[21] In Miyagi Prefecture, one landslide was reported. 27 flights were canceled.[22] In Wakayama Prefecture, one landslide occurred. Damage was estimated at ¥270 million.[23] In Nara Prefecture, one landslide were reported in Tenkawa.[24] In Hiroshima Prefecture, two landslides were reported. 23 roads were damaged.[25]

Elsewhere, In South Korea, a storm warning was issued.[26]

Notes

edit
  1. ↑ Money values converted via Pacific Exchange Rate Service with an exchange rate for 1996

References

edit
  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1996 Annual Tropical Cyclone Report (PDF) (Report). Joint Typhoon Warning Center. p. 97-104.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "RSMC Best Track Data (text) 1990-1999". Japan Meteorological Agency. Archived from the original on January 22, 2013. Retrieved May 30, 2026.
  3. 1 2 3 "1996 Typhoon KIRK (1996210N05156)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS).
  4. 1 2 3 "台風第１２号平成８年（1996年） ８月11日～８月15日" [Typhoon No. 12, August 11th - August 15th, 1996]. Japan Meteorological Agency (in Japanese). Archived from the original on March 31, 2025. Retrieved June 27, 2026.
  5. ↑ ""KIRK 1996" Entry". NOAA Historical Hurricane Tracks. Retrieved March 19, 2026.
  6. ↑ "Digital Typhoon: Typhoon 199612 (KIRK) - Disaster Information". Digital Typhoon. Retrieved June 27, 2026.
  7. ↑ "Weather Disaster Report (1996-827-07)". Digital Typhoon (in Japanese). Retrieved June 27, 2026.
  8. ↑ "Weather Disaster Report (1996-772-08)". Digital Typhoon (in Japanese). Retrieved June 27, 2026.
  9. ↑ "Weather Disaster Report (1996-819-08)". Digital Typhoon (in Japanese). Retrieved June 27, 2026.
  10. ↑ "Weather Disaster Report (1996-887-11)". Digital Typhoon (in Japanese). Retrieved June 27, 2026.
  11. ↑ "Weather Disaster Report (1996-817-13)". Digital Typhoon (in Japanese). Retrieved June 27, 2026.
  12. ↑ "Weather Disaster Report (1996-936-06)". Digital Typhoon (in Japanese). Retrieved June 27, 2026.
  13. ↑ "Weather Disaster Report (1996-895-05)". Digital Typhoon (in Japanese). Retrieved June 27, 2026.
  14. ↑ "Weather Disaster Report (1996-815-06)". Digital Typhoon (in Japanese). Retrieved June 27, 2026.
  15. ↑ "Weather Disaster Report (1996-813-12)". Digital Typhoon (in Japanese). Retrieved June 27, 2026.
  16. ↑ "Weather Disaster Report (1996-807-06)". Digital Typhoon (in Japanese). Retrieved June 27, 2026.
  17. ↑ "Weather Disaster Report (1996-770-04)". Digital Typhoon (in Japanese). Retrieved June 27, 2026.
  18. ↑ "Weather Disaster Report (1996-636-04)". Digital Typhoon (in Japanese). Retrieved June 27, 2026.
  19. ↑ "Weather Disaster Report (1996-762-03)". Digital Typhoon (in Japanese). Retrieved June 27, 2026.
  20. ↑ "Weather Disaster Report (1996-605-05)". Digital Typhoon (in Japanese). Retrieved June 27, 2026.
  21. ↑ "Weather Disaster Report (1996-741-03)". Digital Typhoon (in Japanese). Retrieved June 27, 2026.
  22. ↑ "Weather Disaster Report (1996-590-03)". Digital Typhoon (in Japanese). Retrieved June 27, 2026.
  23. ↑ "Weather Disaster Report (1996-777-07)". Digital Typhoon (in Japanese). Retrieved June 27, 2026.
  24. ↑ "Weather Disaster Report (1996-780-13)". Digital Typhoon (in Japanese). Retrieved July 2, 2026.
  25. ↑ "Weather Disaster Report (1996-765-03)". Digital Typhoon (in Japanese). Retrieved July 2, 2026.
  26. ↑ "U.S serviceman missing after typhoon Kirk sweeps Japan". Galveston Daily News. Galveston. Associated Press. August 16, 1996. p. 4A – via NewspaperArchive.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Typhoon_Kirk_(1996)&oldid=1362320747"