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David D. Friedman

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David D. Friedman Born (1945-02-12) February 12, 1945 Academic background Alma mater Harvard University (BA) University of Chicago (PhD) Influences Ronald Coase, Friedrich Hayek, Robert A. Heinlein, Milton Friedman, Rose Friedman, Adam Smith, Richard Timberlake Academic work Discipline Economics, Law School or tradition Chicago school of economics Institutions Santa Clara University Notable ideas The Machinery of Freedom

David D. Friedman Born (1945-02-12) February 12, 1945 Academic background Alma mater Harvard University (BA) University of Chicago (PhD) Influences Ronald Coase, Friedrich Hayek, Robert A. Heinlein, Milton Friedman, Rose Friedman, Adam Smith, Richard Timberlake Academic work Discipline Economics, Law School or tradition Chicago school of economics Institutions Santa Clara University Notable ideas The Machinery of Freedom

David Ricardo

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David Ricardo Portrait of David Ricardo by Thomas Phillips, circa 1821. This painting shows Ricardo, aged 49, just two years before his relatively early death. Born (1772-04-18)18 April 1772 London, England Died 11 September 1823(1823-09-11) (aged 51) Gatcombe Park, Gloucestershire, England Academic background Influences Smith · Bentham Academic work School or tradition Classical economics Notable ideas Ricardian equivalence, labour theory of value, comparative advantage, law of diminishing returns, Economic rent

David Ricardo Portrait of David Ricardo by Thomas Phillips, circa 1821. This painting shows Ricardo, aged 49, just two years before his relatively early death. Born (1772-04-18)18 April 1772 London, England Died 11 September 1823(1823-09-11) (aged 51) Gatcombe Park, Gloucestershire, England Academic background Influences Smith · Bentham Academic work School or tradition Classical economics Notable ideas Ricardian equivalence, labour theory of value, comparative advantage, law of diminishing returns, Economic rent

Joseph Schumpeter

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Joseph Schumpeter Born (1883-02-08)8 February 1883 Triesch, Moravia, Austria-Hungary (now Třešť, Czech Republic) Died 8 January 1950(1950-01-08) (aged 66) Taconic, Connecticut, U.S. Academic background Alma mater University of Vienna Influences Tocqueville, Marx, Spencer, Menger, Böhm-Bawerk, Wieser, Schmoller, Weber, Sombart, Durkheim, Walras, Pareto, Juglar, Kondratiev, Wicksell, Wicksteed Academic work Discipline Economics School or tradition Historical School Institutions Harvard University 1932–50 University of Bonn 1925–32 Biedermann Bank 1921–24 University of Graz 1912–14 University of Czernowitz 1909–11 Notable ideas Business cycles Economic development Entrepreneurship Evolutionary economics

Joseph Schumpeter Born (1883-02-08)8 February 1883 Triesch, Moravia, Austria-Hungary (now Třešť, Czech Republic) Died 8 January 1950(1950-01-08) (aged 66) Taconic, Connecticut, U.S. Academic background Alma mater University of Vienna Influences Tocqueville, Marx, Spencer, Menger, Böhm-Bawerk, Wieser, Schmoller, Weber, Sombart, Durkheim, Walras, Pareto, Juglar, Kondratiev, Wicksell, Wicksteed Academic work Discipline Economics School or tradition Historical School Institutions Harvard University 1932–50 University of Bonn 1925–32 Biedermann Bank 1921–24 University of Graz 1912–14 University of Czernowitz 1909–11 Notable ideas Business cycles Economic development Entrepreneurship Evolutionary economics

Milton Friedman

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Milton Friedman Born (1912-07-31)July 31, 1912 Brooklyn, New York, USA Died November 16, 2006(2006-11-16) (aged 94) San Francisco, California, USA Academic background Alma mater Columbia University (PhD, 1946) University of Chicago (MA, 1933) Rutgers University (BA, 1932) Influences Adam Smith Irving Fisher Frank Knight Simon Kuznets Jacob Viner Harold Hotelling Arthur Burns Friedrich Hayek Homer Jones Henry Simons George Stigler Henry Schultz Academic work Discipline Economics School or tradition Chicago school of economics Institutions Hoover Institution (1977–2006) University of Chicago (1946–77) Columbia Univ. (1937–41, 1943–45, 1964–65) NBER (1937–40) Notable ideas Price theory Monetarism Applied macroeconomics Floating exchange rates Volunteer military Permanent income hypothesis Friedman test Awards John Bates Clark Medal (1951) Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences (1976) Presidential Medal of Freedom (1988) National Medal of Science (1988) Website Information at IDEAS / RePEc Signature

Milton Friedman Born (1912-07-31)July 31, 1912 Brooklyn, New York, USA Died November 16, 2006(2006-11-16) (aged 94) San Francisco, California, USA Academic background Alma mater Columbia University (PhD, 1946) University of Chicago (MA, 1933) Rutgers University (BA, 1932) Influences Adam Smith Irving Fisher Frank Knight Simon Kuznets Jacob Viner Harold Hotelling Arthur Burns Friedrich Hayek Homer Jones Henry Simons George Stigler Henry Schultz Academic work Discipline Economics School or tradition Chicago school of economics Institutions Hoover Institution (1977–2006) University of Chicago (1946–77) Columbia Univ. (1937–41, 1943–45, 1964–65) NBER (1937–40) Notable ideas Price theory Monetarism Applied macroeconomics Floating exchange rates Volunteer military Permanent income hypothesis Friedman test Awards John Bates Clark Medal (1951) Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences (1976) Presidential Medal of Freedom (1988) National Medal of Science (1988) Website Information at IDEAS / RePEc Signature

Joseph Stiglitz (module)

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Joseph Stiglitz World Bank Chief Economist In office February 13, 1997 – February 2000 Preceded by Michael Bruno Succeeded by Nicholas Stern 17th Chair of the Council of Economic Advisers In office June 28, 1995 – February 13, 1997 President Bill Clinton Preceded by Laura Tyson Succeeded by Janet Yellen Personal details Born Joseph Eugene Stiglitz (1943-02-09) February 9, 1943 Gary, Indiana, U.S. Party Democratic Spouse(s) Jane Hannaway (1978–2002) Anya Schiffrin (2004–present) Academic background Alma mater Amherst College Massachusetts Institute of Technology Influences John Maynard Keynes Robert Solow Hirofumi Uzawa James Mirrlees Karl Polanyi Academic work Discipline Macroeconomics Public economics Information economics School or tradition New Keynesian economics Notable ideas Screening Taxation Unemployment Market Failure Information asymmetry Economic inequality Website www.josephstiglitz.com

Joseph Stiglitz World Bank Chief Economist In office February 13, 1997 – February 2000 Preceded by Michael Bruno Succeeded by Nicholas Stern 17th Chair of the Council of Economic Advisers In office June 28, 1995 – February 13, 1997 President Bill Clinton Preceded by Laura Tyson Succeeded by Janet Yellen Personal details Born Joseph Eugene Stiglitz (1943-02-09) February 9, 1943 Gary, Indiana, U.S. Party Democratic Spouse(s) Jane Hannaway (1978–2002) Anya Schiffrin (2004–present) Academic background Alma mater Amherst College Massachusetts Institute of Technology Influences John Maynard Keynes Robert Solow Hirofumi Uzawa James Mirrlees Karl Polanyi Academic work Discipline Macroeconomics Public economics Information economics School or tradition New Keynesian economics Notable ideas Screening Taxation Unemployment Market Failure Information asymmetry Economic inequality Website www.josephstiglitz.com