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Tatrot Formation

The Tatrot Formation is a geological formation in Siwalik Hills of Northern India and Pakistan that date back to Late Miocene to Pliocene epochs.[1]

Tatrot Formation
Stratigraphic range: Late Miocene to Pliocene 5.5–2.58 Ma
TypeGeologic formation
UnderliesPinjor Formation
OverliesDhok Pathan Formation
Lithology
PrimarySandstone
OtherMudstone
Location
RegionSiwalik Hills
CountryPakistan,
India
Type section
Named forTatrot Village, Pakistan
Tatrot Formation is located in IndiaSaketi Beds
Tatrot Formation
Tatrot Formation (India)
Tatrot Formation is located in PakistanTatrot Beds
Tatrot Formation
Tatrot Formation (Pakistan)

Fossil content

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Color key
Taxon Reclassified taxon Taxon falsely reported as present Dubious taxon or junior synonym Ichnotaxon Ootaxon Morphotaxon
 Notes
Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; crossed out taxa are discredited.

Mammals

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Eulipotypas

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Eulipotyphlas from the Tatrot Formation
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Notes Image
Suncus[1] cf. S. murinus Saketi Beds A crocidurine soricid.

Rodents

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Rodents from the Tatrot Formation
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Notes Image
Palaeomys[1] sp. Saketi Beds A castorid.
Miorhizomys[1] M. pilgrimi Saketi Beds A rhizomyine spalacid.
Rhizomyides[1] R. saketiensis Saketi Beds A rhizomyine spalacids.
R. punjabiensis
R. sivalensis
Mus[1] M. flynni Saketi Beds A murine murid.
M. jacobsi
Hadromys[1] H. primitivus Saketi Beds A murine murid.
H. moginandensis
Cremnomys[1] cf. C. cutchicus Saketi Beds A murine murid.
Bandicota[1] B. sivalensis Saketi Bed A murine murid.
Parapelomys[1] P. robertsi Saketi Beds A murine murid.
cf. P. robertsi
Golunda[1] G. tatroticus Saketi Beds A murine murid.
Dilatomys[1] D. moginandensis Saketi Beds A murine murid.
Protatera[1] cf. P. kabulense Saketi Beds A gerbilline murid.
Abudhabia[1] cf. A. kabulense Saketi Beds A gerbilline murid.

Lagomorphs

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Lagomorphs from the Tatrot Formation
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Notes Image
Pliosiwalagus[1] P. whitei Saketi Beds A Leporid.

Proboscideans

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Proboscideans from the Tatrot Formation
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Notes Image
Pentalophodon[1] P. khetpuraliensis Saketi Beds A gomphothere.
Anancus A.? perimensis Saketi Beds A elephantoid proboscidean.
A. sivalensis[2]
Stegodon[1] S. bombifrons Tatrot Beds A stegodontid proboscidean.
S. insignis[3]
S. sp.[4] Saketi Beds
Elephas[3] E. planifrons Saketi beds A elephantid proboscidean.

Feliforms

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Feliforms from the Tatrot Formation
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Notes Image
Saketoteron[1] S. tatroinse Saketi Beds Partial Mandibular Ramus. A nimravine nimravid.
Metailurus[5] cf. M. hengduanshanensis Tatrot Beds A machairodontine felid.
Lycyaena[5] cf. L. dubia Tatrot Beds A hyaenid.

Caniforms

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Caniforms from the Tatrot Formation
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Notes Image
Amblonyx[5] A. barryi Tatrot Beds A lutrine mustelid.
Enhydriodon[5] E. falconeri Tatrot Beds, Saketi Beds A enhydriodontin lutrine.

Perissodactyls

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Perissodactyls from the Tatrot Formation
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Notes Image
Subchilotherium[1] S. intermedium Saketi Beds An aceratheriine rhinocerotid.
Hipparion[1] H. antilopinum Saketi Beds An hipparionin equine.
Cormohipparion[1] C. theobaldi Saketi Beds An hipparionin equine.

Artiodactyls

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Artiodactyls from the Tatrot Formation
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Notes Image
Antilope[6] A. intermedia Tatrot Beds An antilopin antilopine.
Merycopotamus[1] M. dissimilis Saketi Beds A bothriodontine anthracotheriid.
Hippohyus[1] H. tatroti Saketi Beds A hyppohyn suine.
Proamphibos[1] P. kashmiricus Saketi Beds, Tatrot Beds A bovin bovine.
Probison[1] P. dehumi Saketi Beds A bovin bovine.
Camelus C. sivalensis[7] Saketi beds "partial mandibular ramus". A camelin cameline. May only be restricted to Pinjor Formation.[3]
Bovini[3] indet Saketi beds A bovin bovine.
Sivatherium[3] S. giganteum Saketi beds A sivatheriin giraffid.
Potamochoerus[3] P. sp Saketi beds A suin suid.
Leptobos[3] L. falconeri Saketi beds A bovin bovine.
Hexaprotodon[3] H. sivalensis Saketi beds A hippopotamid.

Reptiles

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Crocodilians

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Crocodilians from the Tatrot Formation
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Notes Image
Rhamphosuchus R. crassidens Saketi Beds A gavialine gavialid.
Gavialis[8] G. leptodus Saketi Beds A gavialine gavialid.

Turtles

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Turtles from the Tatrot Formation
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Notes Image
Pangshura[9] P. tatrotia Tatrot Beds A geoemydine geoemydid.

Birds

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Birds from the Tatrot Formation
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Notes Image
Pelecanus P. sivalensis[10] Saketi beds Tarsometatarsus A pelecanid.
Anhinga A. sp.[11] Saketi beds Left Tarsometatarsus A anhingid

References

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  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 "Tatrot Formation". indplex.geolex.org. Retrieved 2025-12-21.
  2. ↑ Kumar, S. (2026). "On the occurrence of Anancus sivalensis from the Tatrot Formation (Pliocene) of Upper Siwaliks of Indian subcontinent". Revista Brasileira de Paleontologia. 28 (3) e20250539. doi:10.4072/rbp.2025.3.0539.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Gaur, R.; Chopra, S. (22 March 1984). "Taphonomy, fauna, environment and ecology of Upper Siwaliks (Plio-Pleistocene) near Chandigarh, India". Nature. 308: 353–355. doi:10.1038/308353a0.
  4. ↑ Sankhyan, A. R.; Abbas, S. G.; Sehgal, R. K. (2025). "Stegodon sp. from a new Early Pliocene locality, Jadla Koeri, Una District of Himachal Pradesh, India". Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie – Abhandlungen. 315 (1): 87–97. Bibcode:2025NJGPA.315...87S. doi:10.1127/njgpa/1267.
  5. 1 2 3 4 Jasinski, Steven E.; Abbas, Sayyed Ghyour; Mahmood, Khalid; Babar, Muhammad Adeeb; Khan, Muhammad Akbar (2022-10-16). "New Carnivoran (Mammalia: Carnivora) specimens from the Siwaliks of Pakistan and India and their faunal and evolutionary implications". An International Journal of Paleobiology. 35 (11): 2217–2252. doi:10.1080/08912963.2022.2138376.
  6. ↑ Khan, M. A.; Akhtar, M. (8 February 2014). "Antelopes (Mammalia, Ruminantia, Bovidae) from the Upper Siwaliks of Tatrot, Pakistan, with description of a new species". Paleontological Journal. 48 (1): 79–89. doi:10.1134/S0031030114010055. ISSN 0031-0301. Retrieved 3 June 2025 – via Springer Nature Link.
  7. ↑ Nanda, A. C. (April 1978). "Occurrence of Camelus Sivalensis Falconer and Cautley from the Tatrot formation of Ambala, India". Journal of Geological Society of India. 19 (4): 160–164. doi:10.17491/jgsi/1978/190404.
  8. ↑ Martin, J. E. (2019). "The taxonomic content of the genus Gavialis from the Siwalik Hills of India and Pakistan" (PDF). Papers in Palaeontology. 5 (3): 483–497. Bibcode:2019PPal....5..483M. doi:10.1002/spp2.1247. S2CID 134966832.
  9. ↑ Joyce, Walter G. & Lyson, Tyler R. (2010-08-04). "Pangshura tatrotia, a new species of pond turtle (Testudinoidea) from the Pliocene Siwaliks of Pakistan". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 8 (3): 449–458. Bibcode:2010JSPal...8..449J. doi:10.1080/14772019.2010.500879. S2CID 54803213.
  10. ↑ Stidham, T.; Krishna, K.; Singh, B.; Ghosh, A.; Patnaik, R. (2014). "A Pelican Tarsometatarsus (Aves: Pelecanidae) from the Latest Pliocene Siwaliks of India". PLoS ONE. 9 (11) e111210. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0111210. PMC 4218845.
  11. ↑ Stidham, T.; Patnaik, R.; Krishan, K.; Singh, B.; Ghosh, A.; Singla, A.; Kotla, S. S. (2017). "The first darter (Aves: Anhingidae) fossils from India (late Pliocene)". PLoS ONE. 12 (5) e0177129. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0177129. PMC 5443482.
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