Tama language

Tama
Tama
Tamok
Native to	Chad, Sudan
Region	Wadi Fira, West Darfur, South Darfur
Ethnicity	Tama, Kimr
Native speakers	460,000 (2022–2023)
Language family	Nilo-Saharan? Eastern Sudanic Northern Eastern Taman Tama–Sungor Tama; ; ; ; ;
Dialects	Tama; Orra; Girga; Haura; Erenga; Murase; Mileere; Madungore;
Language codes
ISO 639-3	tma
Glottolog	tama1331
Linguasphere	05-DAA-aa

Tama, or Tamok, is the primary language spoken by the Tama people in Ouaddai, eastern Chad and in Darfur, western Sudan.^[2] It is a Taman language which belongs to the Eastern Sudanic branch of the Nilo-Saharan language family. Miisiirii is often considered a dialect, though it is not particularly close.

Linguistic map of the non-Arab peoples of Darfur, showing the extent of the Taman languages in Sudan.

Demographics

Tama is spoken by 63,000 people in Dar Tama, a well irrigated area near Guéréda that extends from Kebkebiya village to nearby Sudan. There are two nearly identical dialects, one spoken in the northern and central areas, and another one spoken in the south.^[3]

Phonology

Consonants

		Labial	Dental	Alveolar	Retroflex	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Stop	voiceless		t̪				k
	voiced	b	d̪			ɟ	g
	implosive	ɓ	ɗ̪
Fricative		f		s		ʃ		h
Nasal		m		n		ɲ	ŋ
Rhotic				r	ɽ
Lateral				l	ɭ
Approximant		w				j

Vowels

	+ATR			-ATR
	Front	Central	Back	Front	Central	Back
Close	i		u	ɪ		ʊ
Mid	e		o	ɛ		ɔ
Open		ʌ̈			a

Vowel length is also distinctive.^[4]

References

1 2 Tama at Ethnologue (27th ed., 2024)
↑ Anthony Appiah; Henry Louis Gates (2010). Encyclopedia of Africa. Oxford University Press. p. 454. ISBN 978-0195337709.
↑ Rilly, Claude. 2010. Le méroïtique et sa famille linguistique. Leuven: Peeters Publishers. ISBN 978-9042922372
↑ Dimmendaal, Gerrit J. (2009). Tama. In Dimmendaal, Gerrit J. (ed.), Coding Participant Marking: Construction Types in Twelve African Languages: Amsterdam/Philadelphia: Amsterdam: John Benjamins. pp. 305–330.

External links

Tama basic lexicon at the Global Lexicostatistical Database

This Nilo-Saharan languages–related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by adding missing information.

[e27-1] 1 2 Tama at Ethnologue (27th ed., 2024)

[Appiah-2] Anthony Appiah; Henry Louis Gates (2010). Encyclopedia of Africa. Oxford University Press. p. 454. ISBN 978-0195337709.

[3] Rilly, Claude. 2010. Le méroïtique et sa famille linguistique. Leuven: Peeters Publishers. ISBN 978-9042922372

[4] Dimmendaal, Gerrit J. (2009). Tama. In Dimmendaal, Gerrit J. (ed.), Coding Participant Marking: Construction Types in Twelve African Languages: Amsterdam/Philadelphia: Amsterdam: John Benjamins. pp. 305–330.

[2]

[1]

[3]

[4]