The sulphur-bellied bulbul (Iole palawanensis) is a songbird species in the bulbul family, Pycnonotidae. It is endemic to Palawan (Philippines). Its natural habitat is tropical moist lowland forests.[2]
| Sulphur-bellied bulbul | |
|---|---|
 | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Passeriformes |
| Family: | Pycnonotidae |
| Genus: | Iole |
| Species: | I. palawanensis |
| Binomial name | |
| Iole palawanensis (Tweeddale, 1878) | |
| Synonyms | |
| |
Description and taxonomy
edit
The sulphur-bellied bulbul was originally described in the genus Criniger. Some authorities have classified the sulphur-bellied bulbul in the genera Hypsipetes and Ixos. Alternate names for the sulphur-bellied bulbul include the golden-eyed bulbul and olive bulbul. The latter name should not be confused with the species bearing the same name, Iole virescens
Ecology and behavior
editNot much is known about its diet but it is presumed to be the typical bulbul diet of fruit and insects. Found single, in pairs or small flocks.
Birds collected in breeding condition with enlarged gonads in April. Nest and eggs are undescribed.[3]
Habitat and conservation status
editIts habitat is primary lowland forest, secondary growth and forest edge.
It is assessed as least-concern species under the International Union for Conservation of Nature with the population decreasing. Palawan's forests are under threat due to illegal logging, deforestation, land conversion and mining. The whole of Palawan was designated as a Biosphere Reserve; however, protection and enforcement of laws has been difficult and these threats still continue. It occurs in just one protected area in the Iwahig Prison and Penal Farm.[1][4]
Footnotes
edit- 1 2 BirdLife International. (2025). "Iole palawanensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2025 e.T22713176A280902018. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T22713176A280902018.en. Retrieved 9 December 2025.
- ↑ BirdLife International. (2008). "Iole palawanensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008 e.T22713176A29505632. Retrieved 6 June 2009.
- ↑ Fishpool, Lincoln; Tobias, Joseph A. (2020). "Sulphur-bellied Bulbul (Iole palawanensis)". Birds of the World Online. 1.0. Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY. doi:10.2173/bow.subbul1.01. ISSN 2771-3105.
- ↑ BirdLife International. (2016). "Iole palawanensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T22713176A94363503. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22713176A94363503.en. Retrieved 9 December 2025.
References
edit- Gregory, Steven M. (2000). "Nomenclature of the Hypsipetes Bulbuls (Pycnonotidae)" (PDF). Forktail. 16: 164–166. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 August 2008.
- Moyle, Robert G.; Marks, Ben D. (2006). "Phylogenetic relationships of the bulbuls (Aves: Pycnonotidae) based on mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequence data". Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 40 (3): 687–695. Bibcode:2006MolPE..40..687M. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2006.04.015.
- Pasquet, Éric; Han, Lian-Xian; Khobkhet, Obhas; Cibois, Alice (2001). "Towards a molecular systematics of the genus Criniger, and a preliminary phylogeny of the bulbuls (Aves, Passeriformes, Pycnonotidae)" (PDF). Zoosystema. 23 (4): 857–863. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 August 2009.
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