Wikipedia

St. Sepulchre's Palace

St. Sepulchre's Palace or The Palace of St. Sepulchre (also known as the Archbishop's palace) is a 12th-century building complex in The Liberties, Dublin, Ireland. It was built around 1170–1184 by John Comyn, the first Anglo-Norman Archbishop of Dublin, and served as the official residence of the Archbishops of Dublin (Catholic then Protestant after the Reformation) for most of the time until 1806.

St. Sepulchre's Palace
One of the surviving buildings of St. Sepulchre's Palace (2024)
Map
Interactive map of the St. Sepulchre's Palace area
Alternative names
Archishop's Palace, Kevin Street Episcopal Palace, Old Kevin Street Garda Station
General information
LocationKevin Street and Bride Street
Coordinates53°20′20″N 6°16′12″W / 53.3388°N 6.2701°W / 53.3388; -6.2701
Current tenantsGarda Síochána
Construction started
c. 1170
OwnerDublin City Council

It is one of the few structures in the city to have been continuously occupied since the Norman period and one of the oldest surviving structures in Dublin.[1] Most parts of the palace are still preserved to this day.[2] The buildings and surrounding area are not accessible to the public and are currently used by a specialised unit of the Garda Síochána.[1]

Location

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St. Sepulchre's Palace, is located at the corner of Bride Street and Kevin Street adjacent to Marsh's Library. While it served as the headquarters of the city manor and of the wider St. Sepulchre manorial administration[3], the main palace buildings are currently not accessible to visitors or to the general public. Only its library can be visited.

Early history

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Foundation and naming

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Before the palace was built, the archbishops of Dublin already held a residence near Christ Church. Under Archbishop Lawrence O'Toole, the constitution of Christ Church was changed in 1163 from a secular order to a regular order of Arroasian canons.[4] The palace was built by John Comyn, a Benedictine monk from Evesham with a reputation as a learned judge, diplomat and administrator. Comyn was appointed for political rather than religious reasons, the Normans having recently gained control of Dublin as Henry II sought to extend royal influence over the Irish church.[4] A deacon at the time of his appointment, he was not ordained a priest until 1181, shortly after which he was consecrated bishop and enthroned as Archbishop of Dublin. Between 1181 and 1189 he was granted lands for the See of Dublin by the monarchy; he made a brief visit to the city in 1184 in the company of Prince John, heir to the English throne, before settling in Dublin in 1185.[4]

Part of John Speed's Map of Dublin showing St. Sepulchre's Palace marked as location number 66 (1610)

Construction

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The name of the palace was suggested by the campaigns being waged by the Crusaders for the recovery of the Holy Sepulchre from the Muslims. Comyn was granted land by the monarchy for the See of Dublin, which provided the basis for the manor. This palace remained the seat of the Archbishops of Dublin until 1806.[4][5][6] It then became a police station.

The first historical mention of the palace dates from 1216.[7] In 1316 the buildings were burned by the troops of Edward Bruce during his campaign against Dublin, and a contemporary account of 1326 described the palace as having a stone hall badly roofed with shingles, an annexed chamber, a kitchen and a chapel.[6][8] The buildings were repaired and extended in 1523 by Hugh Inge, archbishop from 1521 to 1528, after which the palace became a desirable residence.[9][6][10] Narcissus Marsh oversaw the building of the adjoining Marsh's Library, originally part of the complex.[10][11]

Dublin Map showing the Archbishops Palace (1797)

Residence of the Archbishops (1185-1806)

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In April 1619, Archbishop Thomas Jones died at the palace.[12] By the late 17th century, the palace outbuildings were replaced by brick houses along the street frontage, built by Dutch immigrants escaping religious persecution.[13]

The last Archbishop of Dublin who lived at the palace, Charles Agar (1809)

Between 41 and 43 archbishops lived in the palace over six centuries.[6] Archbishop Charles Cobbe died there in 1765.[14] Following the Archbishop's Palace Dublin Act 1804, the premises were vested in the Crown; the last archbishop to occupy it, Charles Agar, Earl of Normanton, moved his residence to 16 St Stephen's Green in 1806, by which time the surrounding Liberties had declined into a slum.[15][6] The 1804 Act directed that the purchase money be applied to acquiring ground for a new residence for the archbishop and a courthouse for the seneschal of the Liberty of St. Sepulchre's.[15] Writing in 1806, the traveller John Carr remarked that the former palace had been converted into barracks and stood amid surroundings he considered more wretched than the poorest quarters of London.[11]

Aleyn's Hospital (c. 1500)

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Archbishop Walter FitzSimons granted a vacant site between the palace of St. Sepulchre and Kevin Street for a stone house for ten poor men c.1500. On 18 June 1504, John Aleyn, dean of St. Patrick's, founded a hospital on this land intended for the sick poor of Dublin and Meath dioceses. The hospital survived suppression and was maintained as an almshouse into the later sixteenth century.[16]

The palace as represented in SMYTH's bird-eye view engraving of Dublin (1846)

St. Sepulchre's Library (1707-present)

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St. Sepulchre's Library, better known as Marsh's Library today, is a rare example of an intact 18th-century library still in use for its original purpose which was originally built as an integrated part of the palace demesne.[17] Founded in 1707 by Archbishop Narcissus Marsh on the land of St. Sepulchre's Palace, adjacent to St. Patrick's Cathedral, it was the first public library in Ireland.[18][19] Designed by Sir William Robinson, the library opened with Marsh's personal collection of over 10,000 volumes,[20] supplemented by donations from the first keeper, Dr. Elias Bouhereau, and subsequent benefactors.[21]

St. Sepulchre's Library known as Marsh´s Library (2007)

The collection of approximately 26,000 books and 300 manuscripts reflects the intellectual concerns of the Renaissance and Enlightenment periods, with particular strengths in theology, law, medicine, science, and classical literature.[22] Notable holdings include 80 incunabula (books printed before 1501), important collections of Hebrew and Judaica texts, French historical works, and Irish manuscripts acquired from Dudley Loftus in 1695.[23] The library's architectural features—including original oak bookcases, wire "cages" installed to prevent theft, and evidence of bullet holes from the Easter Rising—preserve a tangible record of its long history.[24]

Since its foundation, the library is overseen by the Governors and Guardians of the Library, Marsh's Library remains open to scholars and tourists alike, maintaining its role as a functioning research library and cultural institution in Dublin.[25]

Barracks, courthouse and jail (1804-1836)

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In 1804 the British Crown gained ownership and control over the premises. A courthouse and gaol for the use as part of the complex were built in the early 19th century near the palace at the corner of Long Lane and Bride Street.

Plan of St. Patrick's cathedral also showing the palace and its surrounding buildings (1876)

Most of the prisoners were said to be insolvent debtors. The court predominantly dealt with trading, fairs, weights and measures matters. Attending court was difficult for those residents living completely outside the city, in Swords, Lusk or elsewhere, most of whom were quite poor. The same difficulty applied to jurors, who were fined for not attending court when summoned.[5] A court as well as a jail had already been operating in earlier times when the palace was still occupied by the Archbishops as demontrated by excavations on the adjoining sites. These uncovered a decapitated head buried about three metres below ground level, consistent with the medieval practice of displaying the remains of the executed as a warning, alongside French, German and Dublin earthenware of the medieval period.[1] Military barracks were developed by the British Crown for a later use by the Mounted Police.[26]

Police station

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The Dublin Metropolitan Police at St. Sepulchre's Palace (1922)

Dublin Metropolitan Police (1836-1925)

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The former palace was sold to the mounted division of the Dublin Metropolitan Police and used as a barracks, becoming the force's headquarters. In its earlier role the archbishop also acted as a judge, and executions were carried out at the site, the bodies reportedly dropped into a deep well that drained into the River Poddle.[27] Rings to which horses were once tethered survive on the external walls, and a set of ornate doors said to have originated in France remained in place into the building's final years as a station.[27]

The Kevin street station of An Garda Síochána (1925-present)

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In 1925, Kevin Street Garda Station was occupying the palace buildings. The keys had been handed over to the newly formed Republic of Ireland. The premises remained a station of An Garda Síochána following the foundation of the state. Kevin Street was the longest operational Garda station in the country when it closed in May 2018, its functions transferring to a new building next door. The old station buildings had been in continuous police use for more than 200 years.[6][27][2]

Garda Síochána premises within the old St. Sepulchre's Palace (2024)

Large-scale building works for the replacement Garda Divisional Headquarters began on 19 February 2015 on the adjoining Bride Street site, with a contract value of about €31 million awarded to J. J. Rhatigan, whose published programme ran from February 2015 to July 2017.[8] The new headquarters provided some 6,840 square metres of floor space, including a double basement designed to accommodate underground parking; the demolished buildings were later additions made after the police took over the palace rather than part of the original archiepiscopal complex.[8] In 2019, the OPW completed the new contemporary Divisional Headquarters on the site.[28] This was followed by the opening of the Walter Scott House facility in November 2022, which allowed for the relocation of several specialised units.[29] The OPW has stated its intention to identify a "suitable heritage purpose" for the medieval palace fabric once its temporary use by police concludes.[28][7] The proposals for the future use of the building included its incorporation into a Jonathan Swift tourist trail, advanced by Jason McElligott, keeper of the neighbouring Marsh's Library, on the basis of Swift's associations with the area as dean of nearby St. Patrick's Cathedral.[7][30] The Dublin Civic Trust has also suggested a civic museum, knitting the building together with St. Patrick's Cathedral and Marsh's Library as a cultural precinct.[10] Archaeological survey work carried out by the OPW in the interim recorded surviving medieval walls and deposits, together with damage caused by earlier, archaeologically unsupervised pipe-laying.[30]

Architecture

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Watercolor illustration of the palace by Gabriel Beranger (1765)

The west range includes a tower at its northwest corner and three groin-vaulted cellars in which traces of the wickerwork centring used during their construction remain visible. Its features include an early-16th-century moulded limestone doorway, a finely executed late-17th-century carved doorcase, and an 18th-century Gibbsian doorway.[6] A moulded limestone plaque bears a sculpted coat-of-arms with the Latin motto Virtus Nobilitat and the date 1723, while interior features include an 18th-century staircase, medieval roof corbels and 19th-century quarry-tiled floors.[6]

The buildings are rated of national importance and carry archaeological, architectural, artistic, historical and social special-interest categories on the National Inventory of Architectural Heritage, which dates the fabric to the period 1180–1705.[6][31] The north range is the most regular of the structure, presenting seven bays to its front, while the west range is the most irregular; stepped clasping buttresses with evidence of a base batter mark the front corners of the east and west ranges.[6] A lantern above the former carriage-arches on the west range bears the lettering "Police Station".[6]

Engraving showing part of St. Sepulchre's Palace (right) with St. Patrick's Cathedral (left) (1830)

Early depictions of the palace include a detailed watercolour illustration by Gabriel Beranger from 1765. It shows the building with unusually tall chimney-stacks (totaled 29 as described in 1792[14]), a decorated gable above the doorway and a small sentry box.[32] Among the chimney-stacks, are red brick ones, positioned laterally along the long elevations of the west and east ranges, indicating successive phases of modification to the complex over several centuries.[33][6]

Another structure, the Archbishop's Pillory, was located within the precinct of St. Sepulchre's Palace, near the entrance gates to Kevin Street Garda Barracks.[34]

In 1825, the builder Patrick Byrne was employed to construct gate piers and erect railings around the compound which form the border as of 2024.[35] The two large gate-posts at the entrance have been dated to around 1720.[11]

Notable individuals

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Notable individuals

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Archbishops who lived within - or oversaw the palace premises

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✟: Catholic; ✞: Protestant; (dates-) refer to their time acting as Archbishop while the palace was logically under their control.

Lord Deputy of Ireland

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  • Walter Fitzsimon in addition to holding the office of the Archbishop was also Lord Deputy between 1492-1493

St. Sepulchre's Palace was requisitioned at multiple occasions by Lords Deputy for a brief period of time:

Prisoners held

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During its use as a police station the building held a number of well-known prisoners, among them:

Modern days

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Notable individuals posted at Kevin Street Garda station

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Archaeology

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Archaeological excavations at the corner of Kevin Street and Bride Street identified the main standing structure of the former Garda station as the medieval palace of St. Sepulchre, with the western wing of its quadrangular walled precinct found largely intact within the existing buildings.[52] Excavations in 2007–2008 found the area had been laid out in rural property plots by the late 12th century, with timber-lined cesspits and a kiln possibly associated with metalworking; the archiepiscopal precinct was subsequently enclosed within a defensive ditch, recut on several occasions through the 13th and 14th centuries.[53] One pit contained a stone setting covered by a wattle mat bearing the skull of a young man (aged 17–25) with apparent sword wounds, placed alongside the intact skeleton of a dog.[54]

Danielle O'Donovan's structural analysis confirmed that the medieval quadrangle survives substantially within the existing buildings, the western range being particularly well-preserved.[55] The complex originally contained a great hall, private chamber, chapel and possibly two towers, one sited near Marsh's Library.[55] The south-west structure (officers' mess) was originally a tower, evidenced by abnormally thick walls and internal stone corbels for roof support; the western facade retains a doorway inserted by Archbishop Hugh Inge (1521–1528).[55]

The preliminary assessment in June 2004 and supplementary evaluation trenches with monitoring from September to December 2007 involved test-trenches, excavation of service conduits, engineering test-pits and boreholes.[55] Settlement patterns from the late 12th century demonstrated property divisions marked by ditches in a rural landscape.[55] Two medieval wells in the southern area yielded substantial ceramic assemblages, including a complete 13th-century jug.[55] A curving metalled roadway at the site's southern end represents the original medieval alignment of Kevin Street and Bride Street.[55] The post-medieval phase included at least two large timber structures erected from imported spruce lumber, along with brick Dutch Billy buildings constructed by Dutch settlers escaping religious persecution in the late 17th century.[55] Three barrel-vaulted cellars with surviving wickerwork centring were identified within the standing buildings.[55]

Archaeological survey works commissioned by the Office of Public Works between the station's closure and any future reuse recorded surviving medieval walls and deposits beneath the courtyard, along with pottery sherds, floor and roof tile fragments, decorative plaster, part of a 17th-century wine glass, and four fragments of Dundry stone — a material used in Ireland from the 12th century onward.[30] The survey also documented damage from earlier unsupervised pipe-laying, and concluded that further excavation to expose and display the medieval great hall and kitchens would be merited.[30]

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References

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Publications

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Citations

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  1. 1 2 3 Kelly, Olivia. "Kevin Street Garda station's walls hide medieval palace". The Irish Times. Retrieved 3 April 2026.
  2. 1 2 "Kevin Street Garda Station". RTÉ Archives. Retrieved 3 April 2026.
  3. ↑ Murray, James (21 July 2011). Enforcing the English Reformation in Ireland: Clerical Resistance and Political Conflict in the Diocese of Dublin, 1534-1590. Cambridge University Press. p. 31. ISBN 978-0-521-36994-7.
  4. 1 2 3 4 Holmes, Margaret (1989). "The Palace of St. Sepulchre". Dublin Historical Record. 42 (4). Old Dublin Society: 122–126. JSTOR 30100909.
  5. 1 2 Parliamentary Papers: Reports from Commissioners, Vol. 24. Session: 4 February - 20 August 1836. House of Commons, London.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 "Kevin Street Garda Station, 41 Kevin Street Upper, Dublin 8, DUBLIN". Buildings of Ireland. Retrieved 15 April 2024.
  7. 1 2 3 Murray, Paddy (20 November 2020). "Time is Swift – a new purpose for the medieval wonders of Kevin Street". The Liberties Dublin. Retrieved 3 April 2026.
  8. 1 2 3 Daly, Nicky (8 February 2017). "Construction of New Kevin Street Garda Station Lagging". Dublin InQuirer. Retrieved 3 April 2026.
  9. ↑ D'Alton, John (1838). Memoirs of the Archbishops of Dublin. Dublin. p. 183 – via Internet Archive.
  10. 1 2 3 Thompson, Sylvia (26 March 2015). "Buildings at risk: Dublin Garda stations in need of protection". The Irish Times. Retrieved 3 April 2026.
  11. 1 2 3 Seery, Michael (5 April 2014). "The Kevin Street Medley: 1. St Sepulchre's Palace". Wide and Convenient Streets. Retrieved 3 April 2026.
  12. ↑ McClintock, John (1887). Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological, and Ecclesiastical Literature: Supplement. Harper. p. 613.
  13. ↑ Linzi Simpson. "Kevin Street Garda Station (04E0294) Collection" (PDF). Dublin City Archaeological Archive. Retrieved 22 May 2024.
  14. 1 2 "A TOUR TROUGH DUBLIN CITY IN 1782". Dublin Historical Record. Old Dublin Society. 1960. p. 5.
  15. 1 2 "Archbishop's Palace Dublin Act, 1804". Irish Statute Book. Office of the Attorney General. Retrieved 3 April 2026.
  16. ↑ Bradley, John; King, Heather A. (1988). Urban Archaeology Survey Part VIII (i): Dublin City (PDF). Office of Public Works. p. 136.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  17. ↑ "Dublin Events". dublinevents.com.
  18. ↑ Dean and Chapter of St Patrick's Cathedral (9 July 1701). "Church of Ireland Records: Grant of liberty to erect pillars in churchyard" (PDF). Retrieved 25 June 2026. Dean & Chapter to Narcissus Marsh, Archbishop of Dublin. Grant of liberty to erect pillars in the churchyard and to demolish and re-erect a wall rel. to the building of a library adjoining the palace of St Sepulchre.
  19. ↑ De Breffny, Brian (1983). Ireland: A Cultural Encyclopedia. London: Thames and Hudson. p. 149.
  20. ↑ "Marshe's Library, Dublin (Sir William Robinson)". Archived from the original on 17 November 2007. Retrieved 20 July 2009.
  21. ↑ McCarthy, Muriel (2003). "Elie Bouhéreau, First Keeper of Marsh's Library". Dublin Historical Record. 56 (2): 132–145.
  22. ↑ "Search what is available in Ireland". Ireland.com.
  23. ↑ McCarthy, Muriel (1996). "Narcissus Marsh & His Library". History Ireland. 4 (3): 17–22.
  24. ↑ "Marsh's Library". Atlas Obscura. Retrieved 2 March 2017.
  25. ↑ "History". Marsh's Library – Home.
  26. ↑ Jackson, Victor (1975). "The Palace of St. Sepulchre". Dublin Historical Record. 28 (3): 82–92. ISSN 0012-6861.
  27. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Reynolds, Paul (14 May 2018). "Door closes on 200 years of policing history in Dublin". RTÉ. Retrieved 3 April 2026.
  28. 1 2 "Kevin Street Garda Station". Office of Public Works. 23 January 2020. Retrieved 22 May 2024.
  29. ↑ "An Garda Síochána Officially Open Walter Scott House". An Garda Síochána. 25 November 2022. Retrieved 22 May 2024.
  30. 1 2 3 4 Murray, Paddy (8 July 2019). "What lies beneath – An Irishman's Diary on Kevin Street station's medieval wonders". The Irish Times. Retrieved 3 April 2026.
  31. ↑ Dublin City Development Plan 2016–2022: Written Statement, Volume 1 (PDF) (Report). Dublin City Council. 2020. p. 200. Retrieved 23 June 2026. Chapter 11 - Ref. CHC21
  32. ↑ "The Archiepiscopal Palace, Dublin". National Library of Ireland. Retrieved 3 April 2026.
  33. ↑ Usher, Robin. "The archbishops of Armagh and Drogheda's 'faire house', 1613–1783" (PDF). Irish Georgian Society Journal: 14–37. Retrieved 23 June 2026.
  34. ↑ Bradley, John; King, Heather A. (1988). Urban Archaeology Survey Part VIII (i): Dublin City (PDF). Office of Public Works.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  35. ↑ "Dictionary of Irish Architects". www.dia.ie. Retrieved 15 April 2024.
  36. ↑ Blacker, Beaver Henry (1892). "Jones, Thomas (1550?-1619)" . Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 30. pp. 163–164.
  37. ↑ Jackson, Victor (1975). "The Palace of St. Sepulchre". Dublin Historical Record. 28 (3): 82–92. ISSN 0012-6861.
  38. 1 2 Falkiner, Caesar Litton. From His Majesty's Castle of Dublin. p. 16. Retrieved 2 July 2026. The dissolution of the monasteries struck a heavy blow at the prestige of King John's Castle. The Priory of Kilmainham, becoming vested in the Crown, was at once recognised as a convenient appanage of the Sovereign, and was utilised accordingly for the principal State functions. The dissolution of the Cathedral Chapter of St. Patrick's by Edward VI. provided an opportunity, which was quickly seized, to find more desirable lodgings than either Castle or Priory appears to have afforded. The Chapter having been suppressed, it was evident that the Dean had no further need of his residence. This was accordingly assigned to the Archbishop of Dublin, who was desired to evacuate the Palace of St. Sepulchre's, which became a place of lodging for the Lord Deputy. And although in a very few years this arrangement was upset, under Queen Mary, by the restoration of the Cathedral and its dignitaries to their former status, the Deputies were slow to surrender the footing they had acquired in the archiepiscopal palace. Sussex, Sidney, and others of the deputies of both Mary and Elizabeth, were so fond of coming to St. Sepulchre's that an Archbishop of Dublin, who found their visits inconvenient, is said to have actually fired his palace 'that the Deputies should not have so good liking to his house' (citing Holinshed, p. 28).
  39. ↑ "St Sepulchre's Palace". Wide and Convenient Streets. Retrieved 2 July 2026. The poor archbishop was bounced in and out of the palace over the centuries. Edward VI, Henry VIII's son, dissolved St Patrick's Cathedral and moved the Lord Lieutenant ("the Deputy of our Realm") into the palace, with the Archbishop moving to the Deanery. Edward's sister Mary moved the bishop back in, but then the Earl of Sussex (Elizabeth's Lord Deputy) moved him back out again, but this, again, appears to be short lived, for in Archbishop Adam Loftus' time there at the end of the sixteenth century, it was described as "a semi-regal abode well pleasantlie sited as gorgeously builded".
  40. ↑ Hennessy, Michelle (9 February 2016). "'Fat Freddie' Thompson arrested in Dublin city centre". TheJournal.ie. Retrieved 1 July 2026.
  41. ↑ "Today in Irish History – The Fenian Rebellion, March 5, 1867". The Irish Story. 5 March 2011. Retrieved 2 July 2026. The police noted that a large number of (horse-drawn) cars left the Combe and Kevin Street area for the countryside. Others walked to Tallaght. The police sergeant at Crumlin reported that, "the Dublin road is crowded with young men, all taking the direction of Tallaght"... As many as 10,000 armed Fenians came out in rebellion.
  42. ↑ Gogarty, Sheena (13 February 2023). "Garvan Ware - MICKEY EDMONDS AND KEVIN STREET GARDA STATION". Garda History - Policing in Ireland. Retrieved 24 June 2026.
  43. ↑ "Garda's sad farewell to adopted Inspector". Independent.ie. October 2011. Retrieved 25 June 2026.
  44. ↑ "New Kevin Street garda station officially opened". TheJournal.ie. August 2018. Retrieved 25 June 2026.
  45. ↑ "Honorary Garda who became the much-loved station boss". Independent.ie. Retrieved 25 June 2026.
  46. ↑ firmount (7 November 2011). "I'm from Kevin Street 'COUNTRY'". KindSpring.org. Retrieved 25 June 2026.
  47. ↑ O’Keeffe, Cormac (28 July 2019). "Revamp of senior garda ranks expected tomorrow". Irish Examiner. Retrieved 24 June 2026.
  48. ↑ "Man arrested in connection with investigation into murder of David Douglas". Garda. Retrieved 24 June 2026.
  49. ↑ Quinn, James (1 October 2009), "Branigan, James Christopher ('Jim', 'Lugs')", Dictionary of Irish Biography, Royal Irish Academy, doi:10.3318/dib.000899.v1, retrieved 2 July 2026
  50. ↑ Neary, Bernard (1985). Lugs: The Life and Times of Jim Branigan (PDF). Dublin: Lenhar Publications. Retrieved 2 July 2026 – via An Garda Síochána.
  51. ↑ "Top Dublin garda steps down after 39 years of smashing Ireland's most notorious gangs including the Kinahans". inkl. 26 April 2021. Retrieved 24 June 2026.
  52. ↑ Kimmage to City Centre Core Bus Corridor Scheme: Environmental Impact Assessment Report, Volume 2 – Chapter 15: Archaeology and Cultural Heritage (PDF) (Report). Transport Infrastructure Ireland. 2023. p. 26.
  53. ↑ Linzi Simpson. "2008:394 – Dublin: Kevin Street Garda Station, 35–47 Bride Street (Licence 04E0294 ext.), directed by Linzi Simpson of Margaret Gowen & Co. Ltd". Margaret Gowen & Co. Ltd. Retrieved 23 June 2026 – via Excavations.ie, Wordwell Ltd.
  54. ↑ Linzi Simpson. "2007:479 – Dublin: Kevin Street Garda Station/35–47 Bride Street". Margaret Gowen & Co. Ltd. Retrieved 23 June 2026 – via Excavations.ie, Wordwell Ltd.
  55. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 "DCAA.01.34: Kevin Street Garda Station". Dublin City Archaeological Archive (PDF) (Report). Retrieved 26 June 2026.

Further reading

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  • Mills, James (1889). "Notices of the Manor of St. Sepulchre, Dublin, in the Fourteenth Century". The Journal of the Royal Historical and Archaeological Association of Ireland. Fourth Series. 9 (78): 31–41. JSTOR 25506504.
  • McNeill, Charles (1915). "The Secular Jurisdiction of the Early Archbishops of Dublin". The Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland. Sixth Series. 5 (2): 81–108. JSTOR 25514397.
  • Lawlor, Hugh Jackson (1917). "The Monuments of the Pre-Reformation Archbishops of Dublin". The Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland. Sixth Series. 7 (2): 109–138. JSTOR 25514495.
  • Ronan, M. V. (1941). "Royal Visitation of Dublin, 1615". Archivium Hibernicum. 8: 1–55. JSTOR 25485525.
  • Mac Giolla Phadraig, Brian (1948). "Speed's Plan of Dublin: Part I". Dublin Historical Record. 10 (3): 89–96. JSTOR 30083923.
  • Hughes, J. L. J. (1961). "A Tour through Dublin City in 1782". Dublin Historical Record. 17 (1): 2–12. JSTOR 30105145.
  • Jackson, Victor (1975). "The Palace of St. Sepulchre". Dublin Historical Record. 28 (3): 82–92. JSTOR 30103936.
  • Ó Floinn, Raghnall (2017). "Papal Bullae Found in Ireland". Ulster Journal of Archaeology. Third Series. 74: 162–174. JSTOR 26788443.
  • Moore, Stephen (2018). A History of Kevin Street Garda Station: A Divisional Headquarters in the Heart of the Liberties. Monument Media Limited.

53°19′48″N 6°15′50″W / 53.330°N 6.264°W / 53.330; -6.264

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