Sense-Plan-Act[1] was the predominant robot control methodology through 1985.

  1. Sense - gather information using the sensors
  2. Plan - create a world model using all the information, and plan the next move
  3. Act

SPA is used in iterations: After the acting phase, the sensing phase, and the entire cycle, is repeated.

See also

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References

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  1. "Sense Plan Act" (PDF). cmu.edu. Carnegie Mellon Robotics Academy. Retrieved 26 July 2025.