Rhadinovirus (synonyms: Rhadinoviridae and gamma-2 herpesviruses) is a genus of viruses in the order Herpesvirales, in the family Orthoherpesviridae, in the subfamily Gammaherpesvirinae. Humans and other mammals serve as natural hosts.[1][2] Diseases associated with this genus include: Kaposi's sarcoma,[1] primary effusion lymphoma and multicentric Castleman's disease, caused by Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8), also known as Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV). The term rhadino comes from the Latin fragile, referring to the tendency of the viral genome to break apart when it is isolated.
| Rhadinovirus | |
|---|---|
Virus classification  | |
| (unranked): | Virus |
| Realm: | Duplodnaviria |
| Kingdom: | Heunggongvirae |
| Phylum: | Peploviricota |
| Class: | Herviviricetes |
| Order: | Herpesvirales |
| Family: | Orthoherpesviridae |
| Subfamily: | Gammaherpesvirinae |
| Genus: | Rhadinovirus |
| Species | |
|
See text | |
Species
editThe genus contains the following species, listed by scientific name and followed by the common name of the species:[2][3]
- Rhadinovirus atelinegamma2, Ateline herpesvirus 2
- Rhadinovirus atelinegamma3, Herpesvirus ateles
- Rhadinovirus bovinegamma4, Bovine herpesvirus 4
- Rhadinovirus colobinegamma1, Colobine gammaherpesvirus 1
- Rhadinovirus cricetidgamma2, Rodent herpesvirus Peru
- Rhadinovirus humangamma8, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus or Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8)
- Rhadinovirus macacinegamma5, Rhesus rhadinovirus
- Rhadinovirus macacinegamma8, Macacine herpesvirus 8
- Rhadinovirus macacinegamma11, Japanese macaque rhadinovirus
- Rhadinovirus macacinegamma12, Pig-tailed macaque rhadinovirus 2
- Rhadinovirus muridgamma4, Murid herpesvirus 4
- Rhadinovirus muridgamma7, Wood mouse herpesvirus
- Rhadinovirus saimiriinegamma2, Herpesvirus saimiri
Structure
editViruses in Rhadinovirus are enveloped viruses, with icosahedral, spherical to pleomorphic, and round geometries, and T=16 symmetry. The diameter is around 150-200 nm. The genomes of Rhadinoviruses are linear and non-segmented, and are approximately 180kb in length.[1]
| Genus | Structure | Symmetry | Capsid | Genomic arrangement | Genomic segmentation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rhadinovirus | Spherical pleomorphic | T=16 | Enveloped | Linear | Monopartite |
Life cycle
editViral replication is nuclear, and is lysogenic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by attachment of the viral glycoproteins to host receptors, which mediates endocytosis. Replication follows the dsDNA bidirectional replication model. DNA-templated transcription, with some alternative splicing mechanism is the method of transcription. Translation takes place by leaky scanning. The virus exits the host cell by nuclear egress, and budding. Humans and other mammals serve as natural hosts. Transmission routes are sexual, contact, and through saliva.[1]
| Genus | Host details | Tissue tropism | Entry details | Release details | Replication site | Assembly site | Transmission |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rhadinovirus | Humans; mammals | B-lymphocytes | Glycoproteins | Budding | Nucleus | Nucleus | Sex; saliva |
References
edit- 1 2 3 4 "Viral Zone". ExPASy. Retrieved 15 June 2015.
- 1 2 "Virus Taxonomy: 2023 Release". ictv.global. International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. 30 October 2024. Retrieved 30 January 2025.
- ↑ "Species List: Orthoherpesviridae". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Retrieved 6 May 2026.
External links
edit
