The Pinnidae are a taxonomic family of large saltwater clams sometimes known as pen shells. They are marine bivalve molluscs in the order Pteriida.[1]
| Pinnidae | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Pinna nobilis shell and byssus | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Bivalvia |
| Order: | Pteriida |
| Superfamily: | Pinnoidea Leach, 1819 |
| Family: | Pinnidae Leach, 1819 |
| Genera | |
|
See text | |
Shell description
editThe shells of bivalves in this family are fragile and have a long and triangular shape, and in life the pointed end is anchored in sediment using a byssus. The shells have a thin but highly iridescent inner layer of nacre in the part of the shell near the umbos (the pointed end).[2]
The family Pinnidae includes the fan shell, Atrina fragilis, and Pinna nobilis, the source of sea silk.[3] Some species are also fished for their food value.
Human use
editAs Joseph Rosewater[4] commented in 1961:
""The Pinnidae have considerable economic importance in many parts of the world. They produce pearls of moderate value. In the Mediterranean area, material made from the holdfast or byssus of Pinna nobilis Linné has been utilized in the manufacture of clothing for many centuries: gloves, shawls, stockings and cloaks. Apparel made from this material has an attractive golden hue and these items were greatly valued by the ancients. Today, Pinnidae are eaten in Japan, Polynesia, in several other Indo-Pacific island groups, and on the west coast of Mexico. In Polynesia, the valves of Atrina vexillum are carved to form decorative articles, and entire valves of larger specimens are sometimes used as plates."
Pen shells are highly prized as a food source and considered a delicacy in many countries, particularly throughout the Indo-Pacific and Asia, where they support both wild fisheries and aquaculture operations. The edible portion includes the adductor muscle and other tissues, with studies on Pinna bicolor showing the tissue wet weight comprises approximately 27.5% of the whole wet weight.[5]
Additionally, research on Atrina maura has documented the species as an edible, commercially valuable host, though attention to parasitic nematodes is important for food safety considerations.[6]
Genera
editGenera within the family Pinnidae:
- Atrina Gray, 1842 (40 species)
- Pinna Linnaeus, 1758 (27 species)
- Streptopinna von Martens, 1850 (monotypic)
References
edit- ↑ Lemer, Sarah; Buge, Barbara; Bemis, Amanda; Giribet, Gonzalo (2014-02-22). "First molecular phylogeny of the circumtropical bivalve family Pinnidae (Mollusca, Bivalvia): evidence for high levels of cryptic species diversity". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 75: 11–23. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2014.02.008. ISSN 1095-9513. PMID 24569016.
- ↑ Audino, Jorge A.; Marian, José Eduardo A.R. (2020-03-01). "Detailed comparative anatomy of the Pinnidae (Mollusca, Bivalvia) reveals further unusual mantle specializations". Zoologischer Anzeiger. 285: 27–36. doi:10.1016/j.jcz.2020.01.006.
- ↑ Pasche, Delphine; Horbelt, Nils; Marin, Frédéric; Motreuil, Sébastien; Macías-Sánchez, Elena; Falini, Giuseppe; Hwang, Dong Soo; Fratzl, Peter; Harrington, Matthew James (2018-07-11). "A new twist on sea silk: the peculiar protein ultrastructure of fan shell and pearl oyster byssus". Soft Matter. 14 (27): 5654–5664. doi:10.1039/c8sm00821c. ISSN 1744-6848. PMID 29946583.
- ↑ Rosewater, Joseph. (1961). "The Family Pinnidae in the Indo-Pacific." Indo-Pacific Mollusca, vol. 1, no. 4. September 28, 1961, pp. 175-176.
- ↑ Beer, Andrew C.; Southgate, Paul C. (2006-08-31). "Spat collection, growth and meat yield of Pinna bicolor (Gmelin) in suspended culture in northern Australia". Aquaculture. 258 (1): 424–429. doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2006.04.014. ISSN 0044-8486.
- ↑ Gómez-Valdez, M. Magali; Carvalho-Saucedo, Liliana; Ocampo, Lucía; Cruz-Villacorta, Ariel (2019-10-01). "First record of the nematode Echinocephalus pseudouncinatus (Gnathostomatidae, Spirurida) in an edible, commercial host, the pen shell Atrina maura (Bivalvia: Pinnidae)". Journal of Invertebrate Pathology. 167 107249. doi:10.1016/j.jip.2019.107249.
Further reading
edit- "Pinnidae". Integrated Taxonomic Information System.
- Turner, Ruth D. and Rosewater, Joseph 1958. "The Family Pinnidae in the Western Atlantic" Johnsonia, Vol. 3 No. 38, June 28, 1958, pp. 285–326.
- R. Tucker Abbott & S. Peter Dance, 1982, "Compendium of seashells: a color guide to more than 4,200 of the world's marine shells", E.P. Dutton Inc., New York. ISBN 0-525-93269-0