Pakubuwono XI

Pakubuwono XI (also transliterated as Pakubuwana XI; 1 February 1886 – 1 June 1945) was the tenth Susuhunan of Surakarta during the Second World War, including the Japanese occupation of Java.

Pakubuwono XI ꦥꦏꦸꦧꦸꦮꦤ꧇꧑꧑꧇
Sri Susuhunan Pakubuwana XI
10th Susuhunan of Surakarta
Reign	26 April 1939 − 1 June 1945
Coronation	26 April 1939
Predecessor	Susuhunan Pakubuwana X
Successor	Susuhunan Pakubuwana XII
Governor General	Alidius Tjarda van Starkenborgh
Military Governor	Hitoshi Imamura Kumakichi Harada Yuichiro Nagano
Born	Bendara Raden Mas Antasena (1886-02-01)1 February 1886 Surakarta, Dutch East Indies
Died	1 June 1945(1945-06-01) (aged 59) Surakarta, Japanese East Indies
Burial	Astana Pajimatan Himagiri
Spouse	Gusti Kanjeng Ratu Kencana ​ ​ (m. 1901; died 1910)​ Gusti Kanjeng Ratu Pakubuwana ​ ​ (m. 1924)​
Issue more...	KGPH. Mangkubumi GBKP. Hangabehi SISKS. Pakubuwana XII
Regnal name Sahandhap Dalem Sampeyan Dalem Ingkang Sinuhun Kangjeng Susuhunan Pakubuwana Senapati ing Alaga Abdurrahman Sayyidin Panatagama Ingkang Jumeneng kaping Sewelas ing Nagari Surakarta Hadiningrat
House	Mataram
Father	Susuhunan Pakubuwana X
Mother	Raden Ayu Mandayarêtna

In his capacity as the eleventh Susuhunan, Pakubuwono XI was an officer à la suite of the Royal Netherlands East Indies Army (KNIL). He was made a major general of the KNIL on 15 April 1939.

Heir apparent

He was born as Raden Mas Ontoseno, he was the son of Pakubuwono X and his concubine. His mother, Raden Ajeng Siti Supiyah, or Raden Ayu Mandayarêtna upon entering the inner court, was a daughter of Raden Mas Panji Sumataruna, son of Bendara Raden Mas Harya Kusumawinata, son of Kanjeng Gusti Pangeran Harya Mangkubumi I. Thus, she was a great-great-granddaughter of Pakubuwana III. Another source record her as a daughter of Raden Mas Panji Sumawinata.

Upon reaching adulthood, he was styled as Gusti Bendara Kanjeng Pangeran Hangabehi and was crowned as Susuhunan Pakubuwana XI on 26 April 1939.

The appointment GBKP. Hangabehi, as Pakubuwono XI wasn't without conflict, due to Pakubuwono X's preference for BKPH. Koesoemojoedo (Raden Mas Abimanjoe), GBKP. Hangabehi's younger half-brother, to succeed him. Moreover, from the Dutch colonial government's point of view, BKPH. Koesoemojoedo was a strong personality Javanese nobleman who was interested in the court's financial and administrative affairs. On the other hand, BKPH. Hangabehi's position was also strong, mainly from the majority of the anti-Dutch court's elites. Pakubuwono X himself had more than 60 children. A wedging problem was that Pakubuwono X had no son from his two queen consorts. The eldest sons, GBKP. Hangabehi and BKPH. Koesoemojoedo were born from concubines. In 1898, Pakubuwono X had actually intended to appoint BKPH. Koesoemojoedo as a crown prince, although he was born 40 days after GBKP. Hangabehi's birth. However, Pakubuwono X abandoned his plan, and he chose BKPH. Hangabehi as the heir.

GBKP. Hangabehi was given many important positions, such as wedana tengen (chancellor) and Vice-Chairman of Raad Nagari, a royal advisory council. He was also tasked by his father to attend 40th jubilee of Queen Wilhelmina's coronation in the Netherlands.

Reign

In the late November 1938, Pakubuwono X was severely ill, and died 3 months later. On the advice of Parliament of the Netherlands, Governor-General Alidius Warmoldus Lambertus Tjarda van Starkenborgh Stachouwer chose GBKP. Hangabehi to succeed his father as Pakubuwono XI. Pakubuwono XI's coronation was accompanied by political contract which reduced Susuhunan's suzerainty, which mentioned that Pakubuwono XI would be deposed if he couldn't fulfill his obligation as determined in political contract, plus the withholding of royal expenditure budget dramatically.

Pakubuwono XI's reign was marked by difficult era, coincided with World War II. He also experienced the transfer of colonial government, from the Netherlands to Japan since 1942. The Japanese dubbed Surakarta Sunanate as Solo Koo. In Japanese colonial era, there was inflation which severed royal and nobility's finances. The Japanese also confiscated most of court's assets, which caused Pakubuwono XI fell ill. After his death on 1 June, 1945, he was succeeded by his very young son, styled Pakubuwono XII.

Personal life

Prince Hangabehi first marriage was to his first cousin, Raden Ajeng Kus Maryati, a daughter of Kanjeng Raden Adipati Sasradiningrat IV, the patih dalem and Bendara Raden Ayu Sasradiningrat (née Bendara Raden Ajeng Samsinah), daughter of Pakubuwana IX. Upon his marriage, she was renamed as Bendara Raden Ayu Hangabehi. She died before his acension, later promoted to Gusti Kanjeng Ratu Kencana.

He married for the second time to Raden Ajeng Kuspariyah, a daughter Kanjeng Raden Mas Harya Puspadiningrat by his primary consort, Raden Ayu Puspadiningrat (née Raden Ajeng Kus Maryanah). Her mother was the older sister of Ratu Kencana.

Family

• Principal consort of the Prince Hangabehi (Gusti Bendara Raden Ayu Hangabehi), maiden name Raden Ajeng Maryati, posthumously elevated to Gusti Kanjeng Ratu Kencana
  • Gusti Raden Mas Saliman, titled Kanjeng Gusti Pangeran Harya Mangkubumi
  • Gusti Raden Ajeng Saparinten, titled Gusti Kanjeng Ratu Hayu
    • Married her first cousin, Bendara Kanjeng Pangeran Harya Sumadiningrat, son of Bendara Kanjeng Pangeran Harya Kusumayuda
  • Gusti Raden Ajeng Samsiah, titled Gusti Kanjeng Ratu Bendara
  • Gusti Raden Ajeng Kus Sapatinten, titled Gusti Kanjeng Ratu Candrakirana
    • Married Prof. Mr. Kanjeng Raden Tumenggung Djoko Marsaid Tirtohadiningrat
• Queen consort, Gusti Kanjeng Ratu Pakubuwana, maiden name Raden Ajeng Kuspariyah
  • Gusti Raden Mas Surya Guritna, titled Kanjeng Gusti Pangeran Harya Purbaya, later Pakubuwana XII
  • Gusti Raden Ajeng Sapariyam, titled Gusti Kanjeng Ratu Sekar Kedhaton, also known as Putri Tineke
• Concubine, Raden Ayu Dayaresmi
• Concubine, Raden Ayu Dayaningsih
  • Bendara Raden Mas Danurwinda, titled Gusti Bendara Kanjeng Pangeran Hangabehi
  • Bendara Raden Mas Surya Lelana, titled Bendara Kanjeng Pangeran Harya Prabuwijaya
  • Bendara Raden Ajeng Suprapti
• Concubine, Raden Ayu Dayasuma
• Concubine, Raden Ayu Daya Asmara
  • Bendara Raden Mas Surya Suksara, titled Bendara Kanjeng Pangeran Harya Natapura
  • Bendara Raden Mas Darmaja, titled Bendara Kanjeng Pangeran Harya Bintara
• Concubine, Raden Ayu Dayaningrat

Ancestry

Ancestors of Pakubuwono XI
Pakubuwana VI Pakubuwana IX Gusti Kanjeng Ratu Hemas Pakubuwana X Kanjeng Pangeran Harya Hadiwijaya II Gusti Kanjeng Ratu Pakubuwana Gusti Kanjeng Ratu Bendara Pakubuwana XI Bendara Raden Mas Harya Kusumawinata Raden Mas Panji Sumataruna Raden Ayu Mandayarêtna

References

• Bachtiar, Harsya W. (1988). Siapa Dia? Perwira Tinggi Tentara Nasional Indonesia Angkatan Darat (TNI-AD) [Who's That? Senior Officers of the Indonesian National Army] (in Indonesian). Jakarta: Djambatan. ISBN 979-428-100-X.
• Miksic, John N. (general ed.), et al. (2006) Karaton Surakarta: A Look into the Court of Surakarta Hadiningrat, Central Java (First published: 'By the will of His Serene Highness Paku Buwono XII'. Surakarta: Yayasan Pawiyatan Kabudayan Karaton Surakarta, 2004) Marshall Cavendish Editions Singapore ISBN 981-261-226-2
• Purwadi. 2007. Sejarah Raja-Raja Jawa. Yogyakarta: Media Ilmu.