Niya County[5] (transliterated from the Uyghur نىيە ناھىيىسى Niyă Nahiyisi ; Chinese: 尼雅县), also from Mandarin Chinese as Minfeng County (Chinese: 民丰县), is a county within the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region and is under the administration of the Hotan Prefecture. It contains an area of 56,726 km2 (21,902 sq mi). According to the 2002 census, it has a population of 30,000.[6] The county is bordered to the north by Xayar County, to the east by Qiemo/Qarqan County, to the west by Yutian / Keriya County and to the south by Ngari Prefecture in Tibet.[7]
Niya County
Minfeng | |
|---|---|
 Monument to Mao Zedong | |
  Niya Location of the seat in Xinjiang  Niya Niya (Xinjiang)  Niya Niya (China) | |
| Coordinates: 37°04′N 82°46′E / 37.067°N 82.767°E | |
| Country | China |
| Autonomous region | Xinjiang |
| Prefecture | Hotan |
| County seat | Niya |
| Area | |
• Total | 56,759.86 km2 (21,915.10 sq mi) |
| Population (2020)[3] | |
• Total | 42,649 |
| • Density | 0.75139/km2 (1.9461/sq mi) |
| Ethnic groups | |
| • Major ethnic groups | Uyghur[4] |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard[a]) |
| Postal code | 848500 |
| Website | www |
| Niya County | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Uyghur name | |||||||||||
| Uyghur | نىيە ناھىيىسى | ||||||||||
| |||||||||||
| Chinese name | |||||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 民丰县 | ||||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 民豐縣 | ||||||||||
| |||||||||||
| Alternative Chinese name | |||||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 尼雅县 | ||||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 尼雅縣 | ||||||||||
| |||||||||||
The county seat is in the town of Niya, which is often referred to by the county name (Minfeng) as well. The Niya ruins are located 115 km north of Niya.[8]
History
editThe earliest known political entities within the territory of the present-day county can be traced back to the ancient kingdoms of Jingjue and Ronglu during the Western Han dynasty.[9] In 59 BCE, during the third year of the Shenjue era of the Western Han, the area was incorporated into the jurisdiction of the Protectorate of the Western Regions. During the Eastern Han dynasty, it was absorbed into the Shanshan kingdom and administered by the Chief Official of the Western Regions. During the Three Kingdoms period, the area became part of the Kingdom of Khotan.[10]
It subsequently came under the control of the Western Jin, Former Liang, and Northern Liang regimes. In 649 CE, during the twenty-third year of the Zhenguan era of the Tang dynasty, the Pisha Dudufu (Protectorate Command) was established to govern the region. During the Northern Song dynasty, the area belonged to the Kingdom of Dabao Khotan before later coming under the rule of the Kara-Khanid Khanate.[10]
During the Yuan dynasty, the area was initially administered by the Marshal Office of the Khotan Pacification Commission (Chinese: 斡端宣慰使元帅府) and was later incorporated into Beshbalik.[11] During the Ming dynasty, the city of Niyang gradually declined, and residents moved upstream along the river, establishing a new settlement in the area of present-day Niya Town. The modern Uyghur name “Niya” is derived from this settlement. In 1757 in Qing dynasty, an aqsaqal administration was established in Kingdom of Khotan, and the settlement was officially named Niya Zhuang (Chinese: 尼雅庄). The area later came under the administration of Hotan County.[12]
In the early 20th century, Aurel Stein carried out several expeditions in the area including exploration of the ancient Niya ruins.[13] Following the establishment of the Republic of China, the area became the Eighth District of Hotan County in 1943, with two subordinate townships. In November 1943, the Eighth District was separated from Hotan County and reorganized as the Niya Administrative Bureau, directly subordinate to the Hotan Administrative Inspectorate. In April 1944, the Niya Administrative Bureau (民豐設治局) was abolished and upgraded to county status under the name Minfeng County, meaning “prosperous people and abundant resources,” while the Uyghur name “Niya” continued in local usage. The county was placed under the jurisdiction of the Seventh Administrative Inspectorate of Xinjiang Province.[14][2]
After the establishment of the People's Republic of China in 1949, the county came under the administration of the Hotan Prefectural Commissioner's Office (Chinese: 和阗专员公署) in 1950.[15] In 1953, the Andir Ranch (Chinese: 安迪尔牧场) was established. Since 1979, the county has remained under the administration of Hotan Prefecture (Chinese: 和田地区行政公署).[16][17][18]
In 2012, the township of Yawatongguz (Yawatongguzi) was established.[1][19]
Geography
editThe northern part of the county is located in the Taklamakan Desert and consists of large areas of sand dunes. The population centers on oases around rivers flowing down from the mountains in the southern part of the county.
Climate
editMinfeng has a typical Xinjiang cool arid climate (Köppen BWk), featuring hot summers, freezing winters, substantial diurnal temperature ranges and minimal precipitation year-round. As of 1997[update], on average, Minfeng experienced blowing dust or sand on 189 days in a year and visibility below 4.8 kilometres or 3.0 miles for more than half of winter and summer as well as for thirty to forty percent of spring. The lowest spring time temperature recorded in Minfeng was −22 °C or −7.6 °F.[20]
| Climate data for Niya, elevation 1,410 m (4,630 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 19.2 (66.6) |
22.3 (72.1) |
33.2 (91.8) |
36.1 (97.0) |
37.7 (99.9) |
40.8 (105.4) |
41.8 (107.2) |
41.7 (107.1) |
37.8 (100.0) |
32.3 (90.1) |
25.7 (78.3) |
21.5 (70.7) |
41.8 (107.2) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 1.7 (35.1) |
7.8 (46.0) |
17.2 (63.0) |
24.6 (76.3) |
28.7 (83.7) |
31.8 (89.2) |
33.5 (92.3) |
32.6 (90.7) |
28.4 (83.1) |
21.6 (70.9) |
12.5 (54.5) |
3.8 (38.8) |
20.4 (68.6) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −5.2 (22.6) |
0.6 (33.1) |
9.3 (48.7) |
16.5 (61.7) |
20.9 (69.6) |
24.4 (75.9) |
25.9 (78.6) |
24.8 (76.6) |
19.8 (67.6) |
11.7 (53.1) |
3.8 (38.8) |
−3.3 (26.1) |
12.4 (54.4) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −11.1 (12.0) |
−6.0 (21.2) |
1.6 (34.9) |
8.5 (47.3) |
13.3 (55.9) |
17.4 (63.3) |
19.1 (66.4) |
17.7 (63.9) |
12.0 (53.6) |
3.2 (37.8) |
−3.2 (26.2) |
−8.9 (16.0) |
5.3 (41.5) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −25.8 (−14.4) |
−23.7 (−10.7) |
−11.4 (11.5) |
−2.7 (27.1) |
0.7 (33.3) |
6.9 (44.4) |
11.1 (52.0) |
6.2 (43.2) |
1.4 (34.5) |
−6.6 (20.1) |
−12.8 (9.0) |
−19.8 (−3.6) |
−25.8 (−14.4) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 1.8 (0.07) |
1.1 (0.04) |
1.1 (0.04) |
2.9 (0.11) |
5.3 (0.21) |
14.6 (0.57) |
9.6 (0.38) |
6.0 (0.24) |
4.8 (0.19) |
0.4 (0.02) |
0.2 (0.01) |
1.0 (0.04) |
48.8 (1.92) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 2.3 | 1.1 | 0.6 | 0.8 | 2.0 | 4.4 | 3.8 | 2.1 | 1.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 1.4 | 20.4 |
| Average snowy days | 4.9 | 2.1 | 0.6 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.5 | 2.8 | 11.1 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 52 | 42 | 28 | 26 | 31 | 37 | 41 | 42 | 43 | 43 | 43 | 53 | 40 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 206.4 | 204.2 | 235.6 | 251.2 | 273.6 | 254.4 | 244.3 | 244.1 | 257.1 | 283.6 | 236.3 | 211.8 | 2,902.6 |
| Percentage possible sunshine | 67 | 66 | 63 | 63 | 62 | 58 | 55 | 59 | 70 | 83 | 79 | 71 | 66 |
| Source: China Meteorological Administration[21][22] | |||||||||||||
Administrative divisions
editThe county includes one town and six townships:[1][23][24]
| Name | Simplified Chinese | Hanyu Pinyin | Uyghur (UEY) | Uyghur Latin (ULY) | Administrative division code | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Town | |||||||
| Niya Town | 尼雅镇 | Níyǎ Zhèn | نىيە بازىرى | niye baziri | 653227100 | ||
| Township | |||||||
| Niya Township | 尼雅乡 | Níyǎ Xiāng | نىيە يېزىسى | niye yëzisi | 653227200 | ||
| Rokiya Township | 若克雅乡 | Ruòkèyǎ Xiāng | رۇكىيا يېزىسى | rukiya yëzisi | 653227201 | ||
| Salgozak Township | 萨勒吾则克乡 | Sàlèwúzékè Xiāng | سالغوزەك يېزىسى[25] | salghozek yëzisi | 653227202 | ||
| Yeyik Township | 叶亦克乡 | Yèyìkè Xiāng | يېيىق يېزىسى | yëyiq yëzisi | 653227203 | ||
| Andir Township | 安迪尔乡 | Āndí'ěr Xiāng | ئەندىر يېزىسى[26] | Endir yëzisi | 653227204 | ||
| Yawatongguz Township (area of Yawatongguzlangar[27]) |
亚瓦通古孜乡 | Yàwǎtōnggǔzī Xiāng | ياۋا توڭگۇز يېزىسى | yawatongguz yëzisi | 653227205 | ||
Economy
editThe economy is primarily based on agriculture and livestock farming. Products of the county include corn, wheat, cotton and sheep wool. Industries in the county include electronics, agriculture technology, food processing, carpets and construction.[2]
Demographics
editAs of 2015, out of the 38,492 residents, 34,900 of the county were Uyghur, 3,509 were Han Chinese and 83 were from other ethnic groups.[28]
As of 1999, 90.94% of the population of Niya (Minfeng) County was Uyghur and 8.91% of the population was Han Chinese.[29] By the end of 2020, the results of China's Seventh National Population Census showed that the county had a permanent resident population of 42,649.[30]
Transportation
edit- China National Highway 315
- Tarim Desert Highway
- Minfeng railway station serving Hotan–Ruoqiang railway
Gallery
edit
New Mosque - Minfeng.
Niya men (1912)
Map including Minfeng (labeled as MIN-FENG (NIYA BAZAR)) and surrounding region in the International Map of the World (ATC, 1971)
Map including Niya (labeled as MIN-FENG (NI-YA)) (ATC, 1971)
Map including the southern part of Minfeng/Niya County and the county's border with Tibet (DMA, 1975)
Map including part of Niya (Minfeng) County (DMA, 1979)
Map including Niya (labeled as Minfeng) (DMA, 1990)
_(14596524608).jpg)
Notes
edit- ↑ Locals in Xinjiang frequently observe UTC+6 (Xinjiang Time), 2 hours behind Beijing.
- ↑ From map: "The representation of international boundaries is not necessarily authoritative."
References
edit- 1 2 3 民丰县历史沿革 [Minfeng County Historical Development] (in Simplified Chinese). XZQH.org. 2 December 2014. Retrieved 8 December 2019.
2003年，民丰县总面积56759.86平方千米，{...}2010年第六次人口普查，民丰县常住总人口33932人，其中：尼雅镇3486人，尼雅乡6373人，若克雅乡6895人，萨勒吾则克乡4195人，叶亦克乡3751人，安迪尔乡343人，安迪尔牧场2165人，城镇街道6724人。 2012年，设立亚瓦通古孜乡，乡政府驻亚瓦通古孜村（新政函[2012]90号）。调整后，全县辖1个镇、6个乡：尼雅镇、尼雅乡、若克雅乡、萨勒吾则克乡、叶亦克乡、安迪尔乡、亚瓦通古孜乡。
- 1 2 3 夏征农; 陈至立, eds. (September 2009). 辞海：第六版彩图本 [Cihai (Sixth Edition in Color)] (in Chinese). 上海. Shanghai: Shanghai Lexicographical Publishing House. Shanghai Lexicographical Publishing House. p. 1580. ISBN 978-7-5326-2859-9.
面积5.67万平方千米。{...}1945年由和阗县（今和田县）析置民丰设治局，1947年改民丰县。经济以农、牧业为主，产玉米、小麦、棉花和羊毛。工业有电力、农机修造、食品加工、地毯、建材等。
- ↑ Xinjiang: Prefectures, Cities, Districts and Counties
- ↑ 1997年民丰县行政区划. XZQH.org (in Simplified Chinese). 6 January 2011. Retrieved 24 March 2020.
其中维吾尔族占91％，辖1镇、5乡。
- ↑ Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development (2010). 建筑抗震设计规范 [GB50011-2010: Code for Seismic Design of Buildings] (in English and Simplified Chinese). Beijing: China Architecture & Building Press. p. 203 – via Google Books.
Niya County
- ↑ The Silk Road - China and the Karakorum Highway: A Travel Companion 1780763565 Jonathan Tucker - 2015 - Niya, north of Minfeng, Xinjiang province (photograph by Antonia Tozer) Wooden tablet written in Kharosthi (Spink and Son Ltd.) The Shanpula cemetery, Luopu county, near Khotan, Xinjiang province (photograph by Antonia Tozer) Remains.
- ↑ 李孝聪 (2004). 中国区域历史地理 (in Chinese). 北京大学出版社. p. 38. ISBN 978-7-301-07802-0. Retrieved 2026-05-07.
- ↑ 地理知识 (in Chinese). 科學出版社. 1995. p. 36. Retrieved 2026-05-07.
- ↑ 樊传庚 (2006). 新疆文化遗产的保护与利用 (in Chinese). 中央民族大学出版社. p. 43. ISBN 978-7-81108-179-4. Retrieved 2026-05-07.
- 1 2 中华人民共和国地名大词典 (in Chinese). Commercial Press. 1998. p. 5872. ISBN 978-7-100-01836-4. Retrieved 2026-05-07.
- ↑ 张健 (2000). 国宝劫难备忘录 (in Chinese). 文物出版社. p. 142. ISBN 978-7-5010-1230-5. Retrieved 2026-05-07.
- ↑ 新疆年鉴 (in Chinese). Xinjiang People's Press. 2008. p. 467. Retrieved 2026-05-07.
- ↑ 中国国家人文地理 (in Chinese). 吉林美术出版社. 2007. p. 240. ISBN 978-7-5386-2250-8. Retrieved 2026-05-07.
- ↑ 和田风物 (in Chinese). 新疆美术摄影出版社. 1994. p. 31. ISBN 978-7-80547-259-1. Retrieved 2026-05-07.
- ↑ 劉學銚 (2014-07-01). 正視紛爭下的新疆問題 (in Chinese). 思行文化. p. 83. ISBN 978-986-5681-12-8. Retrieved 2026-05-07.
- ↑ 王嵘 (2002). 昆仑迷雾: 于阗 (in Chinese). 云南人民出版社. ISBN 978-7-222-03503-4. Retrieved 2026-05-07.
- ↑ 李吟屏 (2006). 和田考古记 (in Chinese). Xinjiang People's Press. p. 7. ISBN 978-7-228-09904-7. Retrieved 2026-05-07.
- ↑ 中国六分之一的国土: 新疆 (in Chinese). 民族出版社. 1998. p. 92. ISBN 978-7-105-03246-4. Retrieved 2026-05-07.
- ↑ 2012年统计用区划代码和城乡划分代码：民丰县 [2012 Statistical Area Numbers and Rural-Urban Area Numbers: Minfeng County] (in Simplified Chinese). National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China. 2012. Retrieved 14 January 2020.
代码 名称 653227100000 尼雅镇 653227200000 尼雅乡 653227201000 若克雅乡 653227202000 萨勒吾则克乡 653227203000 叶亦克乡 653227204000 亚瓦通古孜乡 653227205000 安迪尔乡
- ↑ MSgt Donald E. Carey; Melody L. Higdon; Robert S. Lilianstrom; MSgt Charles D. Surls (September 1997). "East Asia A Climatological Study". Air Force Combat Climatology Center. pp. 4–7, 4–11, 4–29, 4–44 – via Internet Archive.
- ↑ 中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 10 October 2023.
- ↑ "Experience Template" 中国气象数据网 (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 10 October 2023.
- ↑ 2018年统计用区划代码和城乡划分代码：民丰县 [2018 Statistical Area Numbers and Rural-Urban Area Numbers: Minfeng County] (in Simplified Chinese). National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China. 2018. Retrieved 8 December 2019.
统计用区划代码 名称 653227100000 尼雅镇 653227200000 尼雅乡 653227201000 若克雅乡 653227202000 萨勒吾则克乡 653227203000 叶亦克乡 653227204000 安迪尔乡 653227205000 亚瓦通古孜乡
- ↑ 首页. 尼雅网-民丰县政府门户网站 (in Simplified Chinese). Archived from the original on 23 April 2018. Retrieved 19 April 2020.
乡镇 尼雅乡 尼雅镇 若克雅乡 叶亦克乡 萨勒吾则克乡 亚瓦通古孜乡 安迪尔乡 街道办事处
- ↑ سالغوزەك (Variant Non-Roman Script - VS) at GEOnet Names Server, United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency
- ↑ ئابدۇسالام ئابلىز, ed. (24 December 2019). پەن - تېخنىكا ئارقىلىق نامراتلارنى دەل جايىدا يۆلەش كەنت ئاھالىلىرىنىڭ كىرىمىنى ئاشۇرۇپ بېيىتتى. 阿克苏新闻网-维文版 (in Uyghur). Retrieved 13 May 2020.
نىيە ناھىيەسى ئەندىر يېزىسى
- ↑ Webster's 21st Century World Atlas. Barnes & Noble Books. 1999. p. 83 – via Internet Archive.
Yawatongguzlangar{...}Yeyik
- ↑ 3-7 各地、州、市、县(市)分民族人口数 (in Simplified Chinese). شىنجاڭ ئۇيغۇر ئاپتونوم رايونى 新疆维吾尔自治区统计局 Statistic Bureau of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. 15 March 2017. Archived from the original on 11 October 2017. Retrieved 3 September 2017.
- ↑ Morris Rossabi, ed. (2004). Governing China's Multiethnic Frontiers (PDF). University of Washington Press. p. 180. ISBN 0-295-98390-6.
- ↑ "City Population: Check for Humans". City Population. Retrieved 2026-05-07.
External links
edit
- 《农广天地》昆仑山下鸡羊鲜 20190218 | CCTV农业 (in Chinese)