List of uniform polyhedra

In geometry, a uniform polyhedron is a polyhedron which has regular polygons as faces and is vertex-transitive (transitive on its vertices, isogonal, i.e. there is an isometry mapping any vertex onto any other). It follows that all vertices are congruent, and the polyhedron has a high degree of reflectional and rotational symmetry.

Uniform polyhedra can be divided between convex forms with convex regular polygon faces and star forms. Star forms have either regular star polygon faces or vertex figures or both.

This list includes these:

It was proven in Sopov (1970) that there are only 75 uniform polyhedra other than the infinite families of prisms and antiprisms. John Skilling discovered an overlooked degenerate example, by relaxing the condition that only two faces may meet at an edge. This is a degenerate uniform polyhedron rather than a uniform polyhedron, because some pairs of edges coincide.

Not included are:

Indexing

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Four numbering schemes for the uniform polyhedra are in common use, distinguished by letters:

  • [C] Coxeter et al., 1954, showed the convex forms as figures 15 through 32; three prismatic forms, figures 33–35; and the nonconvex forms, figures 36–92.
  • [W] Wenninger, 1974, has 119 figures: 1–5 for the Platonic solids, 6–18 for the Archimedean solids, 19–66 for stellated forms including the 4 regular nonconvex polyhedra, and ended with 67–119 for the nonconvex uniform polyhedra.
  • [K] Kaleido, 1993: The 80 figures were grouped by symmetry: 1–5 as representatives of the infinite families of prismatic forms with dihedral symmetry, 6–9 with tetrahedral symmetry, 10–26 with octahedral symmetry, 27–80 with icosahedral symmetry.
  • [U] Mathematica, 1993, follows the Kaleido series with the 5 prismatic forms moved to last, so that the nonprismatic forms become 1–75.

Names of polyhedra by number of sides

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There are generic geometric names for the most common polyhedra. The 5 Platonic solids are called a tetrahedron, hexahedron, octahedron, dodecahedron and icosahedron with 4, 6, 8, 12, and 20 sides respectively. The regular hexahedron is a cube.

Table of polyhedra

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The convex forms are listed in order of degree of vertex configurations from 3 faces/vertex and up, and in increasing sides per face. This ordering allows topological similarities to be shown.

There are infinitely many prisms and antiprisms, one for each regular polygon; the ones up to the 12-gonal cases are listed.

Convex uniform polyhedra

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NamePictureVertex
type
Wythoff
symbol
Sym.C#W#U#K#Vert.EdgesFacesFaces by type
Tetrahedron
3.3.3
3 | 2 3TdC15W001U01K064644{3}
Triangular prism
3.4.4
2 3 | 2D3hC33aU76aK01a6952{3}
+3{4}
Truncated tetrahedron
3.6.6
2 3 | 3TdC16W006U02K07121884{3}
+4{6}
Truncated cube
3.8.8
2 3 | 4OhC21W008U09K142436148{3}
+6{8}
Truncated dodecahedron
3.10.10
2 3 | 5IhC29W010U26K31609032 20{3}
+12{10}
Cube
4.4.4
3 | 2 4OhC18W003U06K1181266{4}
Pentagonal prism
4.4.5
2 5 | 2D5hC33bU76bK01b101575{4}
+2{5}
Hexagonal prism
4.4.6
2 6 | 2D6hC33cU76cK01c121886{4}
+2{6}
Heptagonal prism
4.4.7
2 7 | 2D7hC33dU76dK01d142197{4}
+2{7}
Octagonal prism
4.4.8
2 8 | 2D8hC33eU76eK01e1624108{4}
+2{8}
Enneagonal prism
4.4.9
2 9 | 2D9hC33fU76fK01f1827119{4}
+2{9}
Decagonal prism
4.4.10
2 10 | 2D10hC33gU76gK01g20301210{4}
+2{10}
Hendecagonal prism
4.4.11
2 11 | 2D11hC33hU76hK01h22331311{4}
+2{11}
Dodecagonal prism
4.4.12
2 12 | 2D12hC33iU76iK01i24361412{4}
+2{12}
Truncated octahedron
4.6.6
2 4 | 3OhC20W007U08K132436146{4}
+8{6}
Truncated cuboctahedron
4.6.8
2 3 4 |OhC23W015U11K1648722612{4}
+8{6}
+6{8}
Truncated icosidodecahedron
4.6.10
2 3 5 |IhC31W016U28K331201806230{4}
+20{6}
+12{10}
Dodecahedron
5.5.5
3 | 2 5IhC26W005U23K2820301212{5}
Truncated icosahedron
5.6.6
2 5 | 3IhC27W009U25K3060903212{5}
+20{6}
Octahedron
3.3.3.3
4 | 2 3OhC17W002U05K1061288{3}
Square antiprism
3.3.3.4
| 2 2 4D4dC34aU77aK02a816108{3}
+2{4}
Pentagonal antiprism
3.3.3.5
| 2 2 5D5dC34bU77bK02b10201210{3}
+2{5}
Hexagonal antiprism
3.3.3.6
| 2 2 6D6dC34cU77cK02c12241412{3}
+2{6}
Heptagonal antiprism
3.3.3.7
| 2 2 7D7dC34dU77dK02d14281614{3}
+2{7}
Octagonal antiprism
3.3.3.8
| 2 2 8D8dC34eU77eK02e16321816{3}
+2{8}
Enneagonal antiprism
3.3.3.9
| 2 2 9D9dC34fU77fK02f18362018{3}
+2{9}
Decagonal antiprism
3.3.3.10
| 2 2 10D10dC34gU77gK02g20402220{3}
+2{10}
Hendecagonal antiprism
3.3.3.11
| 2 2 11D11dC34hU77hK02h22442422{3}
+2{11}
Dodecagonal antiprism
3.3.3.12
| 2 2 12D12dC34iU77iK02i24482624{3}
+2{12}
Cuboctahedron
3.4.3.4
2 | 3 4OhC19W011U07K121224148{3}
+6{4}
Rhombicuboctahedron
3.4.4.4
3 4 | 2OhC22W013U10K152448268{3}
+(6+12){4}
Rhombicosidodecahedron
3.4.5.4
3 5 | 2IhC30W014U27K32601206220{3}
+30{4}
+12{5}
Icosidodecahedron
3.5.3.5
2 | 3 5IhC28W012U24K2930603220{3}
+12{5}
Icosahedron
3.3.3.3.3
5 | 2 3IhC25W004U22K2712302020{3}
Snub cube
3.3.3.3.4
| 2 3 4OC24W017U12K17246038(8+24){3}
+6{4}
Snub dodecahedron
3.3.3.3.5
| 2 3 5IC32W018U29K346015092(20+60){3}
+12{5}

Uniform star polyhedra

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The forms containing only convex faces are listed first, followed by the forms with star faces. Again infinitely many prisms and antiprisms exist; they are listed here up to the 8-sided ones. The history of publication of the uniform star polyhedra is given in Coxeter et al. 1954.

The uniform polyhedra | 5/2 3 3, | 5/2 3/2 3/2, | 5/3 5/2 3, | 3/2 5/3 3 5/2, and | (3/2) 5/3 (3) 5/2 have some faces occurring as coplanar pairs. (Coxeter et al. 1954, pp. 423, 425, 426; Skilling 1975, p. 123)

NameImageWyth symVert. figSym.C#W#U#K#Vert.EdgesFacesChiOrient- able?Dens.Faces by typeFirst publication
Octahemioctahedron3/2 3 | 3 6.3/2.6.3OhC37W068U03K081224120Yes 8{3}+4{6}Badoureau, 1881
Tetrahemihexahedron3/2 3 | 2 4.3/2.4.3TdC36W067U04K0961271No 4{3}+3{4}Badoureau, 1881
Cubohemioctahedron4/3 4 | 3 6.4/3.6.4OhC51W078U15K20122410−2No 6{4}+4{6}Badoureau, 1881
Great dodecahedron5/2 | 2 5 (5.5.5.5.5)/2IhC44W021U35K40123012−6Yes312{5}Poinsot, 1809
Great icosahedron5/2 | 2 3 (3.3.3.3.3)/2IhC69W041U53K581230202Yes720{3}Poinsot, 1809
Great ditrigonal icosidodecahedron3/2 | 3 5 (5.3.5.3.5.3)/2IhC61W087U47K52206032−8Yes620{3}+12{5}Badoureau, 1881
Small rhombihexahedron2 4 (3/2 4/2) | 4.8.4/3.8/7OhC60W086U18K23244818−6No 12{4}+6{8}Badoureau, 1881
Small cubicuboctahedron3/2 4 | 4 8.3/2.8.4OhC38W069U13K18244820−4Yes28{3}+6{4}+6{8}Badoureau, 1881
Nonconvex great rhombicuboctahedron3/2 4 | 2 4.3/2.4.4OhC59W085U17K222448262Yes58{3}+(6+12){4}Badoureau, 1881
Small dodecahemidodecahedron5/4 5 | 5 10.5/4.10.5IhC65W091U51K56306018−12No 12{5}+6{10}Badoureau, 1881
Great dodecahemicosahedron5/4 5 | 3 6.5/4.6.5IhC81W102U65K70306022−8No 12{5}+10{6}Badoureau, 1881
Small icosihemidodecahedron3/2 3 | 5 10.3/2.10.3IhC63W089U49K54306026−4No 20{3}+6{10}Badoureau, 1881
Small dodecicosahedron3 5 (3/2 5/4) | 10.6.10/9.6/5IhC64W090U50K556012032−28No 20{6}+12{10}Coxeter, Longuet-Higgins and Miller, 1954
Small rhombidodecahedron2 5 (3/2 5/2) | 10.4.10/9.4/3IhC46W074U39K446012042−18No 30{4}+12{10}Badoureau, 1881
Small dodecicosidodecahedron3/2 5 | 5 10.3/2.10.5IhC42W072U33K386012044−16Yes220{3}+12{5}+12{10}Badoureau, 1881
Rhombicosahedron2 3 (5/4 5/2) | 6.4.6/5.4/3IhC72W096U56K616012050−10No 30{4}+20{6}Badoureau, 1881
Great icosicosidodecahedron3/2 5 | 3 6.3/2.6.5IhC62W088U48K536012052−8Yes620{3}+12{5}+20{6}Badoureau, 1881
Pentagrammic prism2 5/2 | 2 5/2.4.4D5hC33bU78aK03a101572Yes25{4}+2{5/2}Badoureau, 1881
Pitsch, 1881
Heptagrammic prism (7/2)2 7/2 | 2 7/2.4.4D7hC33dU78bK03b142192Yes27{4}+2{7/2}Badoureau, 1881
Pitsch, 1881
Heptagrammic prism (7/3)2 7/3 | 2 7/3.4.4D7hC33dU78cK03c142192Yes37{4}+2{7/3}Badoureau, 1881
Pitsch, 1881
Octagrammic prism2 8/3 | 2 8/3.4.4D8hC33eU78dK03d1624102Yes38{4}+2{8/3}Badoureau, 1881
Pitsch, 1881
Pentagrammic antiprism| 2 2 5/2 5/2.3.3.3D5hC34bU79aK04a1020122Yes210{3}+2{5/2}Badoureau, 1881
Pitsch, 1881
Pentagrammic crossed-antiprism| 2 2 5/3 5/3.3.3.3D5dC35aU80aK05a1020122Yes310{3}+2{5/2}Badoureau, 1881
Pitsch, 1881
Heptagrammic antiprism (7/2)| 2 2 7/2 7/2.3.3.3D7hC34dU79bK04b1428162Yes314{3}+2{7/2}Badoureau, 1881
Pitsch, 1881
Heptagrammic antiprism (7/3)| 2 2 7/3 7/3.3.3.3D7dC34dU79cK04c1428162Yes314{3}+2{7/3}Badoureau, 1881
Pitsch, 1881
Heptagrammic crossed-antiprism| 2 2 7/4 7/4.3.3.3D7hC35bU80bK05b1428162Yes414{3}+2{7/3}Badoureau, 1881
Pitsch, 1881
Octagrammic antiprism| 2 2 8/3 8/3.3.3.3D8dC34eU79dK04d1632182Yes316{3}+2{8/3}Badoureau, 1881
Pitsch, 1881
Octagrammic crossed-antiprism| 2 2 8/5 8/5.3.3.3D8dC35cU80cK05c1632182Yes516{3}+2{8/3}Badoureau, 1881
Pitsch, 1881
Small stellated dodecahedron5 | 2 5/2 (5/2)5IhC43W020U34K39123012−6Yes312{5/2}Kepler, 1619
Great stellated dodecahedron3 | 2 5/2 (5/2)3IhC68W022U52K572030122Yes712{5/2}Kepler, 1619
Ditrigonal dodecadodecahedron3 | 5/3 5 (5/3.5)3IhC53W080U41K46206024−16Yes412{5}+12{5/2}Badoureau, 1881
Small ditrigonal icosidodecahedron3 | 5/2 3 (5/2.3)3IhC39W070U30K35206032−8Yes220{3}+12{5/2}Badoureau, 1881
Pitsch, 1881
Stellated truncated hexahedron2 3 | 4/3 8/3.8/3.3OhC66W092U19K242436142Yes78{3}+6{8/3}Badoureau, 1881
Pitsch, 1881
Great rhombihexahedron2 4/3 (3/2 4/2) | 4.8/3.4/3.8/5OhC82W103U21K26244818−6No 12{4}+6{8/3}Badoureau, 1881
Great cubicuboctahedron3 4 | 4/3 8/3.3.8/3.4OhC50W077U14K19244820−4Yes48{3}+6{4}+6{8/3}Badoureau, 1881
Pitsch, 1881
Great dodecahemidodecahedron5/3 5/2 | 5/3 10/3.5/3.10/3.5/2IhC86W107U70K75306018−12No 12{5/2}+6{10/3}Badoureau, 1881
Small dodecahemicosahedron5/3 5/2 | 3 6.5/3.6.5/2IhC78W100U62K67306022−8No 12{5/2}+10{6}Badoureau, 1881
Dodecadodecahedron2 | 5 5/2 (5/2.5)2IhC45W073U36K41306024−6Yes312{5}+12{5/2}Hess, 1878
Great icosihemidodecahedron3/2 3 | 5/3 10/3.3/2.10/3.3IhC85W106U71K76306026−4No 20{3}+6{10/3}Badoureau, 1881
Great icosidodecahedron2 | 3 5/2 (5/2.3)2IhC70W094U54K593060322Yes720{3}+12{5/2}Hess, 1878
Cubitruncated cuboctahedron4/3 3 4 | 8/3.6.8OhC52W079U16K21487220−4Yes48{6}+6{8}+6{8/3}Badoureau, 1881
Pitsch, 1881
Great truncated cuboctahedron4/3 2 3 | 8/3.4.6/5OhC67W093U20K254872262Yes112{4}+8{6}+6{8/3}Badoureau, 1881
Pitsch, 1881
Truncated great dodecahedron2 5/2 | 5 10.10.5/2IhC47W075U37K42609024−6Yes312{5/2}+12{10}Pitsch, 1881
Small stellated truncated dodecahedron2 5 | 5/3 10/3.10/3.5IhC74W097U58K63609024−6Yes912{5}+12{10/3}Badoureau, 1881
Pitsch, 1881
Great stellated truncated dodecahedron2 3 | 5/3 10/3.10/3.3IhC83W104U66K716090322Yes1320{3}+12{10/3}Pitsch, 1881
Truncated great icosahedron2 5/2 | 3 6.6.5/2IhC71W095U55K606090322Yes712{5/2}+20{6}Pitsch, 1881
Great dodecicosahedron3 5/3(3/2 5/2) | 6.10/3.6/5.10/7IhC79W101U63K686012032−28No 20{6}+12{10/3}Badoureau, 1881
Great rhombidodecahedron2 5/3 (3/2 5/4) | 4.10/3.4/3.10/7IhC89W109U73K786012042−18No 30{4}+12{10/3}Badoureau, 1881
Icosidodecadodecahedron5/3 5 | 3 6.5/3.6.5IhC56W083U44K496012044−16Yes412{5}+12{5/2}+20{6}Badoureau, 1881
Small ditrigonal dodecicosidodecahedron5/3 3 | 5 10.5/3.10.3IhC55W082U43K486012044−16Yes420{3}+12{5/2}+12{10}Coxeter, Longuet-Higgins and Miller, 1954
Great ditrigonal dodecicosidodecahedron3 5 | 5/3 10/3.3.10/3.5IhC54W081U42K476012044−16Yes420{3}+12{5}+12{10/3}Badoureau, 1881
Pitsch, 1881
Great dodecicosidodecahedron5/2 3 | 5/3 10/3.5/2.10/3.3IhC77W099U61K666012044−16Yes1020{3}+12{5/2}+12{10/3}Badoureau, 1881
Pitsch, 1881
Small icosicosidodecahedron5/2 3 | 3 6.5/2.6.3IhC40W071U31K366012052−8Yes220{3}+12{5/2}+20{6}Pitsch, 1881
Rhombidodecadodecahedron5/2 5 | 2 4.5/2.4.5IhC48W076U38K436012054−6Yes330{4}+12{5}+12{5/2}Badoureau, 1881
Pitsch, 1881
Nonconvex great rhombicosidodecahedron5/3 3 | 2 4.5/3.4.3IhC84W105U67K7260120622Yes1320{3}+30{4}+12{5/2}Badoureau, 1881
Icositruncated dodecadodecahedron3 5 5/3 | 10/3.6.10IhC57W084U45K5012018044−16Yes420{6}+12{10}+12{10/3}Badoureau, 1881
Pitsch, 1881
Truncated dodecadodecahedron2 5 5/3 | 10/3.4.10/9IhC75W098U59K6412018054−6Yes330{4}+12{10}+12{10/3}Badoureau, 1881
Pitsch, 1881
Great truncated icosidodecahedron2 3 5/3 | 10/3.4.6IhC87W108U68K73120180622Yes1330{4}+20{6}+12{10/3}Badoureau, 1881
Pitsch, 1881
Snub dodecadodecahedron| 2 5/2 5 3.3.5/2.3.5IC49W111U40K456015084−6Yes360{3}+12{5}+12{5/2}Lesavre and Mercier, 1947
Inverted snub dodecadodecahedron| 5/3 2 5 3.5/3.3.3.5IC76W114U60K656015084−6Yes960{3}+12{5}+12{5/2}Lesavre and Mercier, 1947
Great snub icosidodecahedron| 2 5/2 3 34.5/2IC73W113U57K6260150922Yes7(20+60){3}+12{5/2}Lesavre and Mercier, 1947
Great inverted snub icosidodecahedron| 5/3 2 3 34.5/3IC88W116U69K7460150922Yes13(20+60){3}+12{5/2}Lesavre and Mercier, 1947
Great retrosnub icosidodecahedron| 2 3/2 5/3 (34.5/2)/2IC90W117U74K7960150922Yes37(20+60){3}+12{5/2}Lesavre and Mercier, 1947
Great snub dodecicosidodecahedron| 5/3 5/2 3 33.5/3.3.5/2IC80W115U64K6960180104−16Yes10(20+60){3}+(12+12){5/2}Coxeter, Longuet-Higgins and Miller, 1954
Snub icosidodecadodecahedron| 5/3 3 5 33.5.3.5/3IC58W112U46K5160180104−16Yes4(20+60){3}+12{5}+12{5/2}Coxeter, Longuet-Higgins and Miller, 1954
Small snub icosicosidodecahedron| 5/2 3 3 35.5/2IhC41W110U32K3760180112−8Yes2(40+60){3}+12{5/2}Coxeter, Longuet-Higgins and Miller, 1954
Small retrosnub icosicosidodecahedron| 3/2 3/2 5/2 (35.5/2)/2IhC91W118U72K7760180112−8Yes38(40+60){3}+12{5/2}Coxeter, Longuet-Higgins and Miller, 1954
Great dirhombicosidodecahedron| 3/2 5/3 3 5/2 (4.5/3.4.3.4.5/2.4.3/2)/2IhC92W119U75K8060240124−56No 40{3}+60{4}+24{5/2}Coxeter, Longuet-Higgins and Miller, 1954

Special case

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NameImageWyth
sym
Vert.
fig
Sym.C#W#U#K#Vert.EdgesFacesChiOrient-
able?
Dens.Faces by typeFirst publication
Great disnub
dirhombidodecahedron
| (3/2) 5/3 (3) 5/2
(5/2.4.3.3.3.4. 5/3.
4.3/2.3/2.3/2.4)/2
Ih60360 (*)204−96No 120{3}+60{4}+24{5/2}Skilling, 1975

The great disnub dirhombidodecahedron has 240 of its 360 edges coinciding in space in 120 pairs. Because of this edge-degeneracy, it is not always considered to be a uniform polyhedron.

Column key

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  • Uniform indexing: U01–U80 (Tetrahedron first, Prisms at 76+)
  • Kaleido software indexing: K01–K80 (Kn = Un–5 for n = 6 to 80) (prisms 1–5, Tetrahedron etc. 6+)
  • Magnus Wenninger Polyhedron Models: W001-W119
    • 1–18: 5 convex regular and 13 convex semiregular
    • 20–22, 41: 4 non-convex regular
    • 19–66: Special 48 stellations/compounds (Nonregulars not given on this list)
    • 67–109: 43 non-convex non-snub uniform
    • 110–119: 10 non-convex snub uniform
  • Chi: the Euler characteristic, χ. Uniform tilings on the plane correspond to a torus topology, with Euler characteristic of zero.
  • Density: the Density (polytope) represents the number of windings of a polyhedron around its center. This is left blank for non-orientable polyhedra and hemipolyhedra (polyhedra with faces passing through their centers), for which the density is not well-defined.
  • Note on Vertex figure images:
    • The white polygon lines represent the "vertex figure" polygon. The colored faces are included on the vertex figure images help see their relations. Some of the intersecting faces are drawn visually incorrectly because they are not properly intersected visually to show which portions are in front.

See also

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References

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