Wikipedia

List of people executed in Florida (pre-1972)

The following is a list of people executed by the U.S. state of Florida (or in Florida prior to statehood) before 1972, when capital punishment was briefly abolished by the Supreme Court's ruling in Furman v. Georgia. For people executed by Florida after capital punishment was restored by the Supreme Court's ruling in Gregg v. Georgia (1976), see List of people executed in Florida.[1][2]

Colonial period

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The following persons were executed in West and East Florida under British rule (1763–1783):

  • Hannon, a white male, hanged in St. Augustine in 1769. Hannon, a mason, had killed his wife and child after she came to the city with his brother from New York but Hannon had become "familiar with another woman"; Hannon's brother forced him to acknowledge his marital status, however, after which he killed her.[3]
  • A male "cracker", presumably white, hanged in St. Augustine on January 16, 1769. He and a fellow "cracker" met the son of a Creek warrior named Nipke on the St. Johns River, killed him, and took his property. Governor Grant, upon learning of this, had both arrested and brought to St. Augustine, where both were tried and the one executed for the act to avoid "the bad consequences of such outrages".[4]
  • Charles Holmes and Innis Hooper, both white males, hanged in Pensacola in May 1774. Holmes and Hooper had robbed a boat on the Mississippi and killed its five crew (three Frenchmen and two Black men).[5]

Hanging (1822–1923)

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In 1822, the Legislative Council declared murder, rape, and arson to be capital crimes. During this period, executions were carried out by hanging locally in the county where the defendants were convicted. From 1847 to 1872, executions were required to be public, but were mostly moved to jail facilities afterwards. County sheriffs were also required to act as executioners.[6]

  Slave executions

1822–1845

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Name Race Age Date of execution County Crime Victim(s) Governor
John Carral White January 27, 1826 Jackson Murder Elvira Northrop, white[7] William Pope Duval
Benjamin Donica White June 20, 1827 Escambia Murder Saunders Donoho, white[8]
Edward Sinclair White August 28, 1828 St. Johns Murder John Stafford, white[9]
Andrew Crail White March 30, 1829 Escambia Murder Anne Walker, white[10][11]
Norman Sherwood White December 10, 1830 Monroe Murder John Wilson, white[12]
Robert Breen White December 20, 1833 Escambia Murder Peter Alba, white (mayor)[13][14]
Waters White December 19, 1835 Duval Murder No information[15] John Eaton
Samuel Right White 39 June 12, 1837 St. Johns Murder No information[16][17] Richard K. Call
Henry Black December 28, 1838 Escambia Murder Dr. John Parker, white (owner)[18]
Lewis Black
Unknown White April 10, 1840 Escambia Mutiny N/A[19] Robert R. Reid
James Grier White June 1, 1842 Alachua Murder No information[20] Richard K. Call
Chandler Hastings White
Thomas Horan White March 1842 Leon Murder No information[21]
George Everhart White June 16, 1843 Wakulla Murder Female, white (wife)[22][23]

1845–1861

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Name Race Age Date of execution County Crime Victim(s) Governor
Alvin Flowers White October 2, 1846 Gadsden Murder-Mail Robbery Male, white (mail driver)[24] William Dunn Moseley
John Black White
Thomas Smith White
Unknown White
Unknown White
Charles Holeman White
Multiple unknowns White 1848 Leon Slave Stealing No information[25]
Celia[a] Black September 22, 1848 Duval Murder[b] Jacob Bryan, white (owner)[26]
Thomas Holten White 18 December 1848 Jefferson Murder Stafford, white[27]
Simon Black December 1848 Jefferson Murder No information[28]
Green Black December 1, 1848 Gadsden Murder Andrew, black[29]
Arnold Black 1850 Calhoun Murder Widow Burgess, white (owner)[30] Thomas Brown
Redding Evans White 32 December 2, 1850 Jefferson Slave Stealing Rose, black (girlfriend)[31]
Abram Black June 11, 1852 Columbia Murder No information[32]
Joe Black December 16, 1853 Calhoun Murder No information[33] James E. Broome
Simon Black October 1856 Alachua Attempted murder No information[34]
Jack Black December 12, 1856 Santa Rosa Rape No information[35]
George Buckley White December 16, 1859 Hillsborough Murder George Goodwin, white (father-in-law)[36] Madison S. Perry
Allen Black 1860 Marion Murder Dr. William Keitt, white[37]
Lewis Black February 1860 Marion Murder Dr. William Keitt, white[38]
Ferdinand McGaskill White October 12, 1860 Escambia Murder George Young, white[39][40][16]

Civil War

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The following executions took place from January 10, 1861, to June 25, 1868, when Florida seceded to the Confederacy during the Civil War.

  Executions by firing squad

Name Race Age Date of execution County Crime Victim(s) Governor
John Ammons White 26 1861 or 1862 Holmes Murder Samuel McQuage, white[41] John Milton
George Andrews White February 13, 1861 Sumter Murder Mr. McHenry and Mr. Condray, white[42]
Two unknowns Black May 15, 1861 Duval Murder Richard Plumber, white[43]
James Thompson White 28 February 7, 1864 Nassau (Military) Desertion N/A[16][44]
James Wilson White 25
John W. Cook Black 23 February 18, 1864 Duval (Military) Rape Sarah Hammond, white[45][46][16][c]
John M. Smith Black 21
Spencer Lloyd Black 21
Peter Goodrich White 23 February 27, 1864 Nassau (Military) Desertion N/A[16][47]
William Walker Black 23 March 1, 1864 Duval (Military) Mutiny N/A[16]
Henry Miller White 26 April 17, 1864 Duval (Military) Desertion N/A[16][48]
Henry Hamilton Black 23 November 4, 1864 Monroe (Military) Mutiny N/A[49]
John Rouxey White September 3, 1864 ? (Military) Murder Jerome Supay, white[16]
Darius Stokes Black 23 December 16, 1864 Monroe (Military) Murder John Waugh, white[50][16]
J. R. Brannon White March 25, 1865 Leon (Military) Desertion-Sabotage N/A[51]
William Strickland White
David Craig Black 21 December 1, 1865 Nassau (Military) Mutiny N/A[16][52] Abraham K. Allison
Joseph Green Black
Thomas Plowder Black 44
James Allen Black 23
Howard Thomas Black 19
Nathaniel Joseph Black 20
Gabe Ziegler Black 20 November 2, 1866 Gadsden Murder Jesse Dickson, white (Quincy city marshal)[16][53] David S. Walker
Lewis Ziegler Black
Sam Ziegler Black
Old Booker Black
Guilford Register White 18 April 19, 1867 Putnam Murder William Stevens, white (sheriff)[54][55]

1868–1879

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Name Race Age Date of execution County Crime Victim(s) Governor
Abraham King Black June 11, 1869[d] Madison Murder Jacob Davis, white[56][57] Harrison Reed
Turner Woods Black July 3, 1869
John Freeman White November 19, 1869 Santa Rosa Murder Andrew Miller, white[58][59]
William Scott White October 27, 1871 Duval Murder-Robbery Three people, white[60][61][e]
Robert Brown Black May 17, 1872 Marion Murder Mr. and Mrs. Neil Ferguson, white[62][63]
Moses Greene Black
Andrew Spright Black
Jason Jackson Black December 27, 1872 Nassau Murder Male, white[64]
Marshall Morris Black February 21, 1873 Jefferson Murder John Jones, race unknown[65] Ossian B. Hart
Lemuel Hughes ? December 26, 1873 Hernando Murder Dennis Mayo, race unknown[66]
William Keen White February 27, 1874 Duval Murder-Robbery William Valentine, white[67]
Jack Johnson Black March 26, 1875 Duval Murder William Moses, white[68] Marcellus Stearns
James Munroe Black May 14, 1875 Alachua Murder Mrs. Smith, white[69]
Lloyd Brown Black February 4, 1876 Duval Murder Elsie Brown, black (wife)[70]
James Rawls White March 1, 1878 Levy Murder Thomas McNair, white[71] George Franklin Drew
Samuel Johnson Black May 24, 1878 Escambia Murder-Rape Louisa Lorrey, <10, race unknown[72]
Samuel Godwin Black September 17, 1878 Suwannee[f] Murder Mathew Boseman, black[73]
Morgan Patrick Black

1880s

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Name Race Age Date of execution County Crime Victim(s) Governor
Wiley Smith Black January 9, 1880 Hamilton Murder Washington Jenkins, black[74][75] George Franklin Drew
Mack Hendricks Black May 28, 1880 Madison Murder Solomon Woodfield, white[76][77][78]
Henry Stokes White July 23, 1880 Orange Murder Lovely Glisson, white (fiancee)[79][80][81]
Andrew Fell Black 40 April 22, 1881 Jefferson Murder Mr. J. Whitaker, white[82] William D. Bloxham
Benjamin Bird Black August 12, 1881 Duval Murder Joe Nelson, black (police officer)[83]
Morris Metzger White September 26, 1881 Brevard Murder-Robbery Samuel Moore, elderly, white[84][85][86][87][g]
Merrick Jackson Black August 4, 1882 Nassau Murder John Thomas, black[88][89]
Harrison Carter Black August 4, 1882 Duval Murder Lewis Adams, black[88][90]
John Lee Black May 4, 1883 Alachua Murder C. P. Crockett, white[91]
Jose Recio Black[h] June 13, 1884 Monroe Murder Valentine Urria, Hispanic[92][93][94][i]
Joe Williams Black December 19, 1884 Holmes Murder T. W. Cannon, white[95][96]
Noah Taylor Black 24 January 2, 1885 Marion Murder Jake Grambling, white (deputy sheriff)[97]
James Walker Black April 30, 1886 St. Johns Murder Charles Harper, black[98] Edward A. Perry
Joseph Drayton Black June 5, 1886 Orange Murder Mr. Gibson, white (Kissimmee city marshal)[99][100][j]
Arthur Williams Black Murder-Rape Amanda Reynolds, 29, white[101][72]
John Hardy Black 70 July 15, 1886 Alachua Murder Ned Brown, black[102]
Major Robinson Black 37 July 31, 1886 Duval Rape Mary Gadsden, black[103][72][104]
Sherman Davis Black 18 August 12, 1886 Hernando Murder Solomon Taylor, black[105][106][107]
Enoch Carter Black March 12, 1887 Orange Murder L. D. Beasley, white (police officer)[108]
Levy Peterson Black July 9, 1887 Marion Murder-Robbery Reuben Stark, white[109]
Henry Wiggins Black 20 July 23, 1887 Putnam Murder W. P. Porter, white[110][111]
William Cooper Black[k] July 30, 1887 Monroe Murder Liverpool Bain and George Hudson, black[16][112]
Jeff Lowe Black 23 February 28, 1888 Escambia Murder Henry Smith, white[113]
Alexander Jones Jr. Black April 28, 1888 Leon Murder George Cuthbert, black[114][l]
George Pritchett Black June 23, 1888 Nassau Murder-Robbery Henry Fusher, 60, black[115]
Unknown ? 1889 Hernando ? No information[116] Perry or Fleming
William Gaskins Black 51 August 1, 1889 Volusia Murder Tena Gaskins, black (wife)[117][118][72][119] Francis P. Fleming
Bill Westmoreland Black 25 August 15, 1889 Duval Murder Annie Westmoreland, black (wife)[120]

1890s

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Name Race Age Date of execution County Crime Victim(s) Governor
Rivers Love White April 2, 1890 Madison Murder Thomas Braswell, elderly, white[121][122][123] Francis P. Fleming
Kelly Stewart Black July 31, 1890 Suwannee Murder John Hawkins, white[124][125]
Napoleon White Black September 23, 1890 Leon Murder Martha Ann White, black (wife)[16][126][72][m]
Monroe Clark Black December 31, 1890 Putnam Murder Pierce Carroll, white[127][128]
Richard White Black March 12, 1891 Leon Murder George Hudson, black[129][130][n]
Matt Armstead Black 19 May 5, 1891 Gadsden Murder Charles Armstead, black (father)[131]
Daniel Killens Black January 21, 1892 Orange Murder Margaret Welton, black[132]
Preston Nighton Black November 8, 1893 Santa Rosa Murder Alice Blake, black (mistress)[133] Henry L. Mitchell
John Tharp White December 20, 1893 Franklin Murder George Knight, white[134][135]
Ed Dalsy Black January 11, 1894 Marion Murder J. George Binnocker, white (deputy sheriff)[136][72]
Johnnie Williams Black January 25, 1894 Marion Murder N. A. Chandler, white[137]
Jerry Olive Black September 19, 1894 Jackson Murder Molly Olive, black (wife)[138][139]
Alexander Simms Black July 9, 1895 Duval Murder Edward F. Minor, white (police officer)[140][72][141][o]
Henry Brown Black July 17, 1895 Suwannee Murder Henry Ryberg, white[142][143]
George Mitchell Black August 2, 1895
Grant Griffin Black 41 April 10, 1895 Alachua Murder William Tibbs, black[144][145]
Joseph Norton White 33 September 3, 1895 Hamilton Murder James Denmark, white[16][146]
Mike Stevens Black September 18, 1895 Suwannee Murder Henry Ryberg, white[147]
William Lattimer Mixed[p] 20 January 13, 1897 Marion Murder J. T. Greenlee, white[149][150][72] William D. Bloxham
Albert Gunn Black September 2, 1897 Citrus Murder Jeff Scott, black[151][152][153][q]
Robert Henry Black September 2, 1897 Duval Murder Mary Henry, black (wife)[154][72]
Sylvanus Johnson Black 19 September 13, 1897 Monroe Rape Maggie Atwell, white[155][72]
Enoch Doyle Black September 16, 1897 Duval Rape Priscilla Youmans, black[156]
General Hollens Black December 10, 1897 Clay Murder Mary Hollens, black (wife)[157]
Harry Singleton Black January 8, 1898 Hillsborough Murder Jack McCormick, white (Tampa police officer)[158]
Richard James Black February 18, 1898 Alachua Murder Sallie James, black (wife)[159]
Edward Heinson Black July 6, 1898 Duval Rape Ida Bailey, 14, white[160][16]
Babe Redford Mixed[r] 30 July 10, 1898 Levy Murder Henry Hayes, black[16][161][162]
Jonah Green Black January 11, 1899 Santa Rosa Murder Sally Brown, black[163]
George Canty White March 17, 1899 Leon Murder Jack Holloway, white[164][165]
Sherman Copeland Black 35 November 9, 1899 Orange Murder Mary Cook, 22, black[166][167]

1900s

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Name Race Age Date of execution County Crime Victim(s) Governor
Wayman King Black 38 March 9, 1900 Escambia Murder Victoria Watkins, black (girlfriend)[168][169][170] William D. Bloxham
Frank Williams Black July 13, 1900 Franklin Murder Bryant Denham, black[171]
Will Wright Black August 10, 1900 Leon Murder John Smith, black[172][173]
William McIver Black August 17, 1900 Wakulla Murder Randolph Connors, black[174][175]
Pressley Callahan Black October 12, 1900 Citrus Murder William J. Everett, white[176][177]
Joseph Henderson Black 17 March 29, 1901 Brevard Murder C. Burke, white[178] William Sherman Jennings
John Simmons Black July 5, 1901 Washington Murder Mr. Thomas, black[179]
Belton Hamilton Black Murder Jeff Davis, black[180]
Jim Harrison Black
William Williams Black
James Faison Black July 5, 1901 Dade Murder John Saddlers, black[181][s]
James Kirby Black 30 August 2, 1901 St. Johns Murder Julius Eskew, white[182][183]
Robert Lee Black Accessory to Murder
James M. Mercer White 40 August 23, 1901 Hillsborough Rape Jessie Taylor, 9, white[184][185][72][186]
Will Jones Black November 8, 1901 Madison Murder Three persons, one white and two black[187][188][t]
Thomas J. Hampton Black December 6, 1901 Columbia Murder Sessom Calhoun and John Bell, white[189][190][72][u]
Hampton Wynn Black January 24, 1902 Jackson Murder-Robbery Eugene Gaston, black[191][192]
Henry Wilson Black April 4, 1902 Sumter Murder Lee Graham, 21, white[193]
Moses Roberson Black April 4, 1902 Duval Murder Dennis Jenkins, black (deputy sheriff)[194]
Frank Richardson Black July 18, 1902 Clay Rape Hester Lawrence, 11, black[195][196]
Walter Lanier Black August 1, 1902 Gadsden Murder Lizzie Bell, black[197][198]
Thomas Faircloth White September 30, 1902 Levy Murder Mr. and Mrs. L. B. Lewis, white[199]
Theodore Smith White
Richard Dedwilly Black March 13, 1903 Dade Rape Sarah C. Gould, white[200][201][72]
David Gamble Black April 3, 1903 Dade Murder David C. Burr, race unknown[202][203][72]
John Bright Black April 10, 1903 Dade Murder Lottie Hardeman, black[204][205]
William Kelly Black Murder Richard Hone, white[206][205][v]
John Brown Black April 23, 1903 Nassau Murder Mr. and Mrs. Thomas Johnson, white[207]
John Burns Black April 24, 1903 Suwannee Murder Alice Johnson, black (stepmother-in-law)[72][208]
Frank Roberson Black August 7, 1903 Duval Murder Charles M. Sadler, white (deputy sheriff)[209][72]
Robert Outley ? September 4, 1903 Citrus Murder Barbery Outley, race unknown (wife)[210]
Jim Polight Black September 11, 1903 Marion Murder D. J. Beasley, white[211]
Charlie Miller Black 28 March 4, 1904 Jefferson Murder Jerry Poppell, 28, white (constable)[16][212]
Hampton Lee Black May 21, 1904 Columbia Murder Rosa Lee, black (wife)[213][72]
Fred Ewert White 22 December 2, 1904 Monroe Murder-Robbery Frank Whitaker, white[214]
Fred Cook Black July 21, 1905 Marion Murder Isaiah Pitts, white[215] Napoleon B. Broward
Reuben Reed Black July 21, 1905 Clay Murder Ed George, black[216][217][w]
Edward Lamb White October 27, 1905 Manatee Murder Christopher D. Kennedy, white[218][219]
Tom Spires Black October 27, 1905 Jackson Rape Florence Pope, white[16][220][221]
Isham Edwards Black November 3, 1905 Leon Murder N. W. Eppes, white (county superintendent of public instruction)[222][223][x]
Andrew Jackson Black February 9, 1906 St. Johns Murder Alice Jackson, black (wife)[224][225]
Howard Sanford White February 9, 1906 Wakulla Murder Allen J. Geoghogan, white[226][227][228]
Edward Brown Black June 5, 1906 Dade Murder Dora Suggs, 29, white[229]
John Faison ? June 5, 1906 Liberty Murder Herbert Johnson, race unknown[230]
Charles Walker Black June 5, 1906 Nassau Murder Alex Eubanks, black[231][232][233][y]
Albert Simmons Black 19 June 26, 1906 DeSoto Murder Three people, black[234][235][z]
M. Thomas Black February 19, 1907 Orange Murder Elijah Sargent, black[236]
Jasper Edwards White 47 February 27, 1907 Lee Murder Robert Carson, 24, white[237][238]
Ed Suber Black 28 June 14, 1907 Manatee Murder A. Corey, black (uncle)[239]
Nathan Woodall Black 21 June 14, 1907 Santa Rosa Murder Walter Nowelling, white[240]
Alfred Sargent Black June 15, 1907 Duval Murder-Robbery John Skeels, elderly, white[241][72][242]
Walter Tyson Black August 30, 1907 Hernando Murder Robert Ellison, white[243][244]
George Mitchell Black Murder J. B. Garrison, white[245][244]
Ben Cooper Black
Will Collier Black
Kett Holt Black September 27, 1907 Santa Rosa Murder No information[246]
Dock Mack Black November 8, 1907 Duval Rape Female, white[247]
Joe Brown Black December 13, 1907 Nassau Murder Mr. and Mrs. Thomas Johnson, white[248]
Charles Powell Black February 28, 1908 St. Johns Murder John Rogers, black[249][aa]
W. N. Smith ? February 28, 1908 Clay Murder Julia Dunson, race unknown[250]
George Washington Black 20 April 3, 1908 Hillsborough Murder Eugene Gurley, black[251]
Charley Robinson ? July 31, 1908 Gadsden Murder Martha Robinson, race unknown[252]
Jesse Willis Black April 16, 1909 Orange Murder William H. Hammond, white[253][254] Albert W. Gilchrist
Mose Daniels White May 14, 1909 Walton Murder Jesse Jones, white[255][256]
Will McFadden Black May 21, 1909 Brevard Rape Mrs. D. M. Walters, white[257]
John Amonds ? May 28, 1909 Citrus Murder Lilla Nattiel, race unknown[258]
Walter Ledbetter Black June 4, 1909 Duval Murder-Robbery Eliza and Emily Norman, white[259]
Otis Smith White 32 June 11, 1909 Duval Murder Cora Bell Smith, 25, white (sister)[260][261]
George Hawkins Mixed[ab] July 2, 1909 St. Johns Murder Charles Joseph, Syrian[262][263]
Aaron Williams Black July 9, 1909 St. Lucie Murder James Patterson, black[264]
M. L. Thomas ? July 31, 1909 Jefferson Murder Henry Hobbs, race unknown[16]
Albert Smith Black August 10, 1909 Marion Murder Rev. Parson Draft, black[265][266]

1910s

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Name Race Age Date of execution County Crime Victim(s) Governor
Luke Thomas Black January 14, 1910 Nassau Murder Mack Austin, black[267] Albert W. Gilchrist
R. H. Owens White January 14, 1910 Alachua Murder R. L. Smith, white[268][ac]
Roland Flowers Black March 4, 1910 Hillsborough Rape Jane Ellerbee, 50-60, white[269]
Duke Thomas Black March 11, 1910 Jackson Murder C. W. Wilson, black[270][271][272][ad]
Robert Dekle Black March 18, 1910 Polk Murder Archie Warren, black[273][72][ae]
Irving Hanchett White 14 May 6, 1910 Volusia Murder Cleavie Elizabeth Tedder, 15, white[274][275][276]
George Fields Black June 25, 1910 Palm Beach Murder A. L. Savage, white[277]
Edward Sims Black June 30, 1910 Polk Murder Martin S. Redd, 29, race unknown[278][72][279]
Ernest Bryant Black July 1, 1910 Duval Murder Luke and Lula Foster, black[16][280]
Brooks Foley Black 36 July 29, 1910 Alachua Rape Mary Brown, black[281][282][72][283]
Lawrence Dargan Mixed[af] August 19, 1910 Putnam Murder Mary Dargan, black (wife)[284][72][285]
Derry Taft Black 27 October 18, 1910 Hillsborough Murder Female, black (wife)[286][287]
James Green Black January 27, 1911 Duval Murder Edward Scriven, black[288]
Joe Curry ? January 31, 1911 Jefferson Murder Jim Horton, race unknown[289]
Letten Parker Black April 30, 1911 St. Johns Murder No information[290]
William Walker Black July 14, 1911 Duval Murder Solomon Osterman, white[291]
Edgar Youmans Black December 1, 1911 Putnam Murder Walter Polite and Arnita Faison, black[292][293][294]
Will McCoy Black
Ed Broome Black January 19, 1912 Osceola Murder Sam Boatwright, black[16][72][295]
Dave Turner Mixed[ag] 30 February 16, 1912 Marion Murder Alberta Nix, black (mistress)[296][72][297]
Henry Richards Black February 16, 1912 Volusia Murder William P. Edwards, white (deputy sheriff)[72][298]
James Knight Black February 16, 1912 Sumter Murder Willie Knight, black (wife)[16][72]
Silas Burney Black April 26, 1912 Taylor Murder J. J. Rouse, white[299][300]
Will Alexander White 24 May 3, 1912 Duval Murder Jack Sumner, white[301]
Henry Horee White May 10, 1912 Taylor Murder Sanky Cooper, white[302][72][303][304]
Tom White Black May 31, 1912 St. Johns Murder Simon Silverstein, white[305][ah]
Eugene Baxter Black
Steve Johnson Black Murder George Williams, black[306][ai]
Abe Middleton Black June 7, 1912 Clay Murder Robert West, white[307]
Obe Mathis White July 19, 1912 Jackson Murder Rufus T. Wester, white (relative)[16]
George Watkins Black September 6, 1912 St. Lucie Rape No information[308][309]
Fortune Perry Black September 27, 1912 Alachua Murder Charles Slaughter, white (Deputy sheriff)[310][aj]
Caine Perry Black
Robert Anderson Black 29 November 23, 1912 Hillsborough Murder Maria Rodriquez, white[311][312][ak]
Jim J. Johnson Black January 15, 1913 Marion Rape Lena Hewett, white[313][72] Park Trammell
Walter Kirby Black January 22, 1913 Polk Rape Llewella Ellen Tuner, white[16][314][al]
Jake Williams Black April 4, 1913 Lake Murder C. C. Line, white[315]
George Whitehead Black April 18, 1913 Duval Murder-Robbery George M. Osborn, elderly, white[16][316]
Tom Bush Black May 21, 1913 Pasco Murder Hoyt Houston, black[317][318][am]
Tom Smith Black 28 June 28, 1913 Alachua Murder-Robbery Dr. H. C. Spencer, white[16]
Hersey Mitchell Black 26 July 23, 1913 Bradford Murder Arnold Brymer, black[319]
Sam Hurd Black January 30, 1914 Alachua Murder W. H. Mahaffey, elderly, black[320][321]
Tom Williams Black February 6, 1914 Putnam Murder-Rape Vallie Moore, 14, black (stepdaughter)[322]
Bennie Henson White March 13, 1914 Hillsborough Murder Ethel Henson, white (wife)[323][324]
Clarence Daly White April 10, 1914 Dade Rape Margaret Berry, 80, white[325][202][72][an]
Joseph Brown Black July 3, 1914 Dade Murder Charles Standford, black[326]
Will Moore Black November 27, 1914 Bradford Murder W. T. Andrews, white (deputy sheriff)[16]
Lonnie Rowland Black 26 January 22, 1915 Duval Murder Napoleon Hagan, white (police officer)[327]
Wilson Reeves Black February 5, 1915 Brevard Murder Estella Lapine James, black (wife)[328][72]
Jesse Hill Black February 12, 1915 Brevard Rape Alice Naydo, 59, white[329]
Clyde Stover Black June 12, 1915 Putnam Murder Horace and Alonso Gardner, white[330][331]
Shelby Wise Black July 2, 1915 Palm Beach Murder Claude Brown, 26, white[332]
John Wade Black August 13, 1915 Hillsborough Rape Female, white[333]
Ed Maddox Black August 20, 1915 Escambia Murder Charles Crooks, white[334]
Emmett Thomas Black 30+[ao] Murder Ruby Barnes, black (wife)[334][72]
Ebenezer Tobin Black 44 October 22, 1915 Pinellas Murder Edward Sherman, 55, white[335][336]
Dock McDonald Black December 3, 1915 Gadsden Murder James B. Bush, white (deputy sheriff)[337][338]
Pearl White Black December 31, 1915 Bradford Murder Clara Simmons, black[339][340]
Zack Colson Black May 19, 1916 Taylor Murder-Robbery J. H. Sheppard, white[341]
Arthur Jones Black
Charles Haynes Black 60 September 1, 1916 Hillsborough Murder Joseph Walker, white (Port Tampa police marshal)[342][ap]
Walter Durham Black September 8, 1916 Hamilton Murder W. Raiford Royals, 42, white (deputy sheriff)[343]
Will Turner Black October 20, 1916 Alachua Murder C. F. Avery, elderly, white[344][345]
Boisey Long Black 35 October 27, 1916 Alachua Murder Samuel George Wynne, 47, white (deputy sheriff)[16][72]
William Miles Black July 11, 1917 Manatee Murder Mrs. W. S. and Annie Edith Palmer, 6 months (Annie), white[346] Sidney Johnston Catts
Clarence McKinney Black December 7, 1917 Dade Murder Rev. James Bolton, 76, white[347]
Edgar London White January 4, 1918 Pasco Murder Alberta London, white (wife)[348][349]
Ed Mimbs White May 31, 1918 Polk Murder-Robbery Allen D. Bouie, white[350][351][279]
George Barrington Black June 14, 1918 Gadsden Murder J. M. Freeman, white (deputy sheriff)[352][353][aq]
Dave Miller Black August 16, 1918 DeSoto Murder Isam Smith, black[354][ar]
James Rice Black 25 August 9, 1919 Marion Murder Joe Loy, Asian[355]
Charlie Davis Black September 19, 1919 Gadsden Murder J. L. Forehand, white (sheriff)[356][72]
Claude Howell Black 39 October 17, 1919 Duval Murder Charles F. Turknetton, white (police officer)[351][357][358]
Henry Bradley Black Murder Charles P. Carroll, white[359][358]
John Smallwood Black December 5, 1919 Gadsden Murder Bessie Smallwood, black (wife)[360]

1920s

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Name Race Age Date of execution County Crime Victim(s) Governor
John Cason Black January 2, 1920 Levy Murder Isabelle Cason, black (wife)[361] Sidney Johnston Catts
Robert Blackwell White July 23, 1920 Okaloosa Murder-Robbery Bud and Nancy Davis, white[362][363]
Hosie Poole Black July 30, 1920 Escambia Murder Albert Poole, black (brother)[364]
Tom Brown Black May 20, 1921 Hillsborough Murder-Robbery Albert Chambers, 28, white[365] Cary A. Hardee
John Wilson White June 17, 1921 Orange Murder Emma Dyall, white[366]
Putnam Ponsell White 30 September 23, 1921 Okaloosa Murder-Robbery John Tuggle, white[367][368]
Jake Martin White 35
John Bowyer Black 23 February 24, 1922 Alachua Murder Robert E. Arnow, white (deputy sheriff)[369][351]
Eugene Payne Black January 12, 1923 Calhoun Murder Primus Blakely, black[370][371]
Percy Bayliss Black 24 March 30, 1923 Seminole Murder James Cleveland Jacobs, 28, white (deputy)[372][351][373]
Nealey Augusta Black April 27, 1923 Volusia Murder Alberta Augusta, black (wife)[374][351][as]
Arthur Johnson Black July 27, 1923 Alachua Murder H. C. Cross, white[375]
Lawrence Revels White November 23, 1923 Lake Murder Charlotte I. and William Arthur Revels, white (wife and relative)[376][377][378][72][at]

Electrocution (1924–1972)

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In 1923, the state legislature passed a new law, written by Fred H. Davis,[379] switching the official execution method from hanging to electrocution. This new method required executions to be moved from local jails to a permanent execution chamber in state prison facilities.[380] Despite an early challenge in July 1929 by the circuit court of Union County over the prison superintendent being named a secondary executioner (as he was not elected or appointed), the electrocution law was held up by the state supreme court in November 1930.[381] Sheriffs were still required to perform as primary executioners during this period until 1941, when a new law designated the state prison's first assistant engineer as the executioner.[6] Two further hangings would also take place by exception, as noted below.

  Executions by hanging

Name Race Age Date of execution County Crime Victim(s) Governor
Frank Johnson Black October 7, 1924 Duval Murder-Burglary Atley Terrell, white[382] Cary A. Hardee
J. C. Coachman Black May 6, 1925 Manatee Rape[au] Irene Fostick, 7, black[383][384] John W. Martin
Will Champion Black January 28, 1926 Duval Murder Ethel Champion, black (wife)[385]
Roy Dunwood Black May 12, 1926 Duval Murder-Robbery William Meade, white[386]
John Simmons Black May 18, 1926 Duval Rape Annie Belle Cronkite, white[387][72]
Harry Scrimm White 48 May 25, 1926 Dade Rape Harriett Melton, 3, white[388]
Phillip Taylor Black October 28, 1926 Dade Murder Mildred Taylor, black (wife)[389][390]
Willie Green Black 20 November 23, 1926 Dade Murder-Robbery George Attam, Syrian[391][392][av]
Arthur Williams Black 36 December 11, 1926
Lloyd Odell Salter Black 28 March 1, 1927 Duval Murder-Robbery Altafar Rahman, Turkish[394][395]
Raymond Stone Black 26 March 8, 1927
Rufus Chesser White 20 March 23, 1927 Clay Murder Lawrence Dilaberry and Sally Boyles, white (brother-in-law and love interest)[396]
Earl London Black April 7, 1927 Polk Murder John Edward Harrelson, white (deputy sheriff)[397]
Charlie Browne White April 18, 1927 Volusia[aw] Murder Howard D. Usher, white[398][399][400]
Fortune Ferguson Black 22 April 27, 1927 Alachua Rape Louise Patterson, 8 or 9, white[401][402][403]
Benjamin F. Levins White 38 November 22, 1927 Hillsborough Murder Merrell family (five persons), white[ax]
Louis Thomas White November 29, 1927 Pinellas Murder Everett E. Blewfield, white (Tarpon Springs police officer)[404][405]
Thomas Costello White 31 December 13, 1927 Hillsborough Murder-Robbery Antonio Regueria, 52, white[406][407]
William B. Henderson White December 21, 1927
Robert C. Pittman Black 26 June 13, 1928 Seminole Murder L. P. Hilton, white[408]
William Vaughn Black August 28, 1928 Duval Murder Bell Chapman, white (male)[409]
Melvin Johnson Black 26 September 4, 1928 Dade Rape Lillian Mickler, white[410][72]
Paul Crumpler Black 29 September 18, 1928 Hillsborough Rape Female, white[411]
James Turner Black 27 September 25, 1928 Calhoun Murder Kid Terrell, black[412][413]
George Davis Black 25 October 9, 1928 Putnam Murder-Robbery Theo George, white[414][72]
Herbert Harvey Black 21 October 23, 1928 Baker Murder Erasmus and Emma Reich, white[415][416][417]
Roosevelt Kirkland Black October 30, 1928
James Alderman White 50 August 17, 1929 Broward (Federal)[ay] Murder Sydney Sanderlin and Victor Lamby, white (Coast Guard officers)[418][az] Doyle E. Carlton
Boss Funderburk Black March 19, 1930 Franklin Murder D. H. Scott, white (Apalachicola police officer)[419][72]
Clayton Bell Black 26 January 27, 1931 Volusia Murder P. D. Edmunds, white[420]
T. Southworth White 27 February 12, 1931 Palm Beach Murder-Robbery Horace Wells, white[421]
Nathan Burton White 24 February 24, 1931 Alachua Murder Ellen Burton, 19, white (wife)[422]
Robert McQuagge White 27 May 27, 1931 Jackson Murder Sennie Tayton, 45, white (mother-in-law)[423]
John Graham Black June 18, 1931 Marion Rape Rebecca Stokes, 14, white[6][72]
Henry Johnson Black June 24, 1931 Lake Murder-Robbery Anna Lawrence, white (Cassia postmaster)[424]
Jim Collins Black November 12, 1931 Dade Rape-Robbery Vida Tabler, 10 or older, white[425][426]
Lee Jacobs Black 22 March 26, 1932 Marion Rape Belsar Jordan, 19, white[427][72]
Giuseppe Zangara White 33 March 20, 1933 Dade Murder Anton Cermak, 59, white David Sholtz
Elvin E. Jeffcoat White 40 March 24, 1933 Pinellas Murder Fannie Jeffcoat, white (wife)[428]
Norman Heidt White 26 July 10, 1933 Hillsborough Murder-Robbery Joe Johnson, white[429]
Louis Leavine White 33
Victor Palmer White 26
Walter Williams Black 31 October 8, 1934 Dade Rape Laura Brawn, 54, white[430][431][432][ba]
Fred Anderson Black 24 January 22, 1935 Duval Murder-Robbery Carl Schuman, 23, white[433]
Thomas Jefferson Black 23
George Robinson Black 46 February 25, 1935 Seminole Rape Lillie Evans, black[434][435][72]
Herman Smith White 36 April 5, 1935 Orange Murder Jeneral Casteel, 54, white[436]
Martin Jarvis White 36 April 11, 1935 Sarasota Murder Bertie Clements and Lacy Dyal, white[437]
Monroe Hasty Black 17 September 16, 1935 Volusia Murder Helena Loucakis, white[438]
Lonnie Green Black 32 January 7, 1936 Bradford Murder Eveline Frazier, 8, black[434][439][72]
Ed Bradley White 57 June 29, 1936 Santa Rosa Murder-Robbery Andrew Nall, white[440]
George Dixon Black 27 August 24, 1936 Seminole Murder-Robbery Charlie Farmer, black[441]
Lee Clark Black 30 October 19, 1936 Escambia Murder Female, black (wife)[442]
L. D. Padgett White 28 Santa Rosa Murder Daisy Padgett, white (wife)[443]
James Milligan White 24 Dade Murder-Robbery Frank Palmer, white[444]
Clarence D. Casey White 23
Rufus Johnson Black 20 October 26, 1936 Seminole Murder Sydney Lanier, black[445][446]
George W. Scroggins Black 41 Dade Murder Male, black[447]
James W. Walker Black 30 December 14, 1936 Pinellas Murder-Robbery Joseph Yasmin, Syrian[448]
Richard Williams Black 32
Willie Walker Black 33 April 23, 1937 Nassau[bb] Rape Grace Hunt, 37, white[449][72] Fred P. Cone
Simee Lee Fields Black 21 May 10, 1937 Hillsborough Murder Willie Mae Spann, black (common-law wife)[450][451][452]
Marcus C. Powell White 50 July 12, 1937 Duval Murder Katharine Speer, white (wife)[453][bc]
Walter Williams Black 38 July 19, 1937 Duval Murder-Robbery Joe Johnson, black[454][bd]
Preston McDonald Black 28
Robert Hinds Black 17 July 23, 1937 Leon[be] Rape Female, white[455]
Orson Williams Black 28 June 20, 1938 Hillsborough Murder LeRoy Horton, black[456][457]
Willie Randolph Black 34 July 5, 1938 Duval Murder-Robbery James Riddle, 52, white[458]
Paul Bunge White 53 February 2, 1939 Hillsborough Murder Three people, white[459][460][bf]
Franklin Pierce McCall White 21 February 24, 1939 Dade Kidnapping[bg] James Bailey Cash Jr., 5, white
Johnny Smith Black 30 May 12, 1939 Indian River Murder-Robbery Sam Jones, black[461]
Harvey McGraw White 20 September 4, 1939 Santa Rosa Murder-Robbery-Kidnap Clifford Mann and Charles Wilkinson, white[462]
Clarence Parker Black 29 June 5, 1940 Gilchrist Murder J. T. Owens, white[463]
Herbert Goddard White 29 July 29, 1940 Palm Beach Murder-Rape Frances Dunn, 17, white[464]
Ivory Lee Williams Black 19 November 11, 1940 Alachua Murder-Rape Georgia Hodge, 17, white[465][72]
Richard Smith Black 48 April 15, 1941 Brevard Murder Willie Frazier, black[466][467][434] Spessard Holland
Frizell McLaren Black 34 October 6, 1941 Dade Murder Homer C. Barton, 38, white (Coral Gables police sergeant)[468][72]
Charles Henderson Black 34 Orange Murder-Robbery W. Ray Smith, white[469]
Wilburn R. Crews White 37 Duval Murder Ollie Mae Crews, 26, white (wife)[470][471]
Dan J. Ormond White 51 Jackson Murder Henry Bradley, 60, white[472]
Mack Ranson Black 38 October 27, 1941 Duval Murder John Henry Ranson, 9, black (son)[473][bh]
Paul Mardorff White 50 Dade Murder Ethel Mardorff, white (wife)[473][474]
Willie B. Clay Black 19 December 29, 1941 Duval Murder-Robbery Mary Curtis, 59, white[475]
Edward Powell Black 18
Nathaniel Walker Black 18
George Newsome Black 29 March 2, 1942 Leon Murder-Robbery Marie Lummus, 41, white[476]
Walter Roberson Black 42 March 23, 1942 Dixie Murder Dorthea Roberson, black (wife)[477][72]
Jicy Crawford Black 28 Duval Murder Bronson Sweatt, 32, black[478][479]
Angie Michael Ciangetti White 50 Volusia Murder Anna Henson, white[480]
Worth Roberson White 27 Gilchrist Murder-Robbery Annice Jemima Roberts, 46, white[481]
John A. Stanton White 44 May 18, 1942 Dade Murder-Robbery Fred Knust, 64, white[482]
James Baker Black 32 June 15, 1942 Duval Murder-Robbery Mayme Surrency, white[483]
Clyde Hysler White 23
Byrdl Hudgins White 23 July 20, 1942 Dade Murder L. P. Daniel, white (State Highway patrolman)[484]
Willie M. Williams Black 27 Taylor Murder Lonnie Fowler, white[485]
Ernest James Robinson Black 20 August 17, 1942 Duval Murder-Robbery Angus Wakefield, 58, white[486]
Forrest Saylor Black 35 January 18, 1943 Pinellas Murder Marie Saylor, black (wife)[487]
Vincent J. Christy White 38 March 1, 1943 Dade Murder Four people, white[488][bi]
Cornelius E. Parker Black 24 October 4, 1943 Hillsborough Murder-Robbery Vernon Long, white[489]
James A. Young Black 32 October 25, 1943 Hillsborough Rape Monica Fisher, white[490][72]
Ruffie Lundon Black 44 Alachua Murder James Robinson, black[490]
George W. James Black 54 October 29, 1943 Polk Murder Wilmon Green, black[491]
Perry Acree White 43 November 22, 1943 Levy Murder-Robbery K. D. Shores, white[492]
Edgar Flowers Black 21 June 26, 1944 Hillsborough Rape Catherine Oakes, white[493][72]
Earl Thompson White 33 August 19, 1944 Duval Murder Joe Henry, 43, white[494]
Edward Thompson White 25
James Davis Black 16 October 9, 1944 Alachua[bj] Rape Kathleen Mawhinney, 22, white[495][72]
Freddie Lee Lane Black 18
James C. Williams Black 25
Tom Mix Black 37 December 28, 1944 Citrus Murder Marguerite Mix, black (wife)[496][72]
Henry Sparks Black 33 January 15, 1945 Palm Beach Rape Pauline Robinson, white[497][498][72] Millard Caldwell
Albert Green Black 28 February 12, 1945 Lake Murder Jesse Beerbower, white (police officer)[499]
William H. Anderson Black 23 July 25, 1945 Broward Rape Allmoin Snyder, white[500][72]
Pleas Dixon Black 31 October 29, 1945 Holmes Murder Stevie Pennington, 51, white[501]
Ernest Warren Black 29 Dade Rape Jean Lane, 16, white[502]
George L. Sullivan White 37 January 14, 1946 Marion Murder Francis Newman, white[503]
Charlie Holloway Black 30 Pinellas Murder Jennie Lee Holloway, black (wife)[503][72]
James Reed Black 28 Dade Rape Marie B. Montell, white[503][72]
Eddie Lewis Black 52 April 22, 1946 Brevard Murder Ed Roundtree, black[504][505]
Jacob Sugg Webb Black 26 September 30, 1946 Broward Rape Alice Godridge, white[506][72]
Wilbur Paul Patterson White 24 March 17, 1947 Volusia Murder Harry Raines, white (undercover officer)[507]
Lewis Green Black 19 April 21, 1947 Dade Rape Myrna Whiten, 9, white[508]
Leroy Henderson Black 36 June 16, 1947 Palm Beach Murder Fletcher Smith, black[509]
Tom Melton Black 32 August 4, 1947 Duval Rape Mary Edith Miller, 16, white[510][72]
Joe Ferguson Black 42 Broward Rape Eunice James, white[511][512]
James Andrew Maxwell Black 31
Reuben Harper Black 30 January 5, 1948 Columbia Rape Mrs. Effie Grady, white[513][514][72]
Alexander H. Wiles White 41 June 14, 1948 Duval Murder Ellis Van Dyal, white (Jacksonville police officer)[515]
Alonzo Washington Jr. Black 25 August 23, 1948 Duval Murder Mrs. Fred W. Lewis, white[516]
Alphonso Edmond Black 35 September 6, 1948 Dade Rape Sylvia Dean Woodall, <10, white[517][518][72]
Ernest Eugene Harper Black 30 Polk Murder Thomas Smith, white[517]
David J. Watson Black 23 September 15, 1948 N/A (Federal) Murder Benjamin Hobbs, 19, white[519]
Lonnie Lee Talley Black 25 October 5, 1948 Duval Rape Sadie Loise Pipkin, white[520][72] Fuller Warren
Lacy Stewart Black 19 October 25, 1948 St. Lucie Murder-Robbery Erich Spiller, 64, white[521]
Felix Combs Black 23 January 24, 1949 Pinellas Rape-Robbery Dolores Young and another female, white[522]
Aaron Quince Black 22 February 7, 1949 Volusia Murder-Rape Lena Carter Sparkman, white[523]
Arthur Edward Berry White 23 April 4, 1949 Pasco Murder-Rape Willie Mae Benton, 14, white[524]
Flem Griffis White 30 August 8, 1949 Nassau Murder John Calvin Graham, white (ex-wife's brother)[525][bk]
Henry V. Tillman White 51 June 5, 1950 Duval Murder Frank Wood, white[526]
George Wolfork Jr. Black 28 January 8, 1951 Bradford Murder-Robbery Dave Silcox, white[527]
L. D. Robinson Black 46
Walter McDonald Black 21
R. Charles Gifford White 72 February 21, 1951 Pinellas Murder Charles Schuh, white (State house leader)[528]
Jessie Hilton Black 33 June 4, 1951 Volusia Murder-Rape Bertha Turner, white[529]
John Washington Jr. Black 25 Murder-Robbery William Bostic, 65, black[530][531]
James Edward Felton Black 25 August 6, 1951 Lake Murder Lee Cossett, black[532]
Willie London Black 42
Coy McCann Black 48 April 7, 1952 Manatee Murder Katie Pompey, black (common-law wife)[533]
Saul James Black 28 April 21, 1952 Hillsborough Rape Edith D. Milliken, white[534][72]
Merlin James Leiby White 25 June 30, 1952 Collier Murder-Robbery Leonard Applebaum, 26, white[535]
George W. Story White 52 September 8, 1952 Duval Murder Thomas St. John, white (ex-wife's husband)[536][bl]
Jimmie Lee Brown Black 30 July 6, 1953 Duval Murder-Robbery John Rogers, white[537] Daniel T. McCarty
Ed Brooks Black 61 September 7, 1953 Franklin Murder J. M. Hicks, white[538]
Orion Nath Johnson Black 19 September 28, 1954 Alachua Murder Edward Porter, white (Marion County sheriff)[539] Charley Eugene Johns
Tanner Brock White 57 Columbia Murder Tommy Brock, 5, white (son)[539]
George Bailey Black 36 October 4, 1954 Leon Murder-Robbery D. B. Pert, white[540]
James Henderson Black 47
Avon Ellwood North White 37 Polk Murder Betty Albritton, white[541]
Abraham Beard Black 18 November 8, 1954 Leon Rape Mrs. John Kelly, 52, white[542][543][72]
Leroy Williams Black 37 Palm Beach Murder Charles Summerlin, white[544]
John H. McVeigh White 34 April 18, 1955 Duval Murder Robert Quincy Tucker, 27, white (Jacksonville traffic officer)[545] LeRoy Collins
Louis Gillard Black 54 August 29, 1955 Hillsborough Murder Turney McCromley, black[546][547]
Chester F. Dyer White 20 October 31, 1955 Sarasota Murder-Robbery R. H. Jones, 68, white[548][549]
Samuel J. Hornbeck White 38 December 12, 1955 Duval Murder Thomas Robinson, white (Jacksonville police officer)[550]
Herman Barwicks Black 28 February 20, 1956 Polk Murder Beatrice McNeal, black (common-law wife)[551]
Percy Armbrister Black 25 Dade Murder Edward Fritz Jr., 23, white (Miami police officer)[552]
George Anderson Black 32
Charlie Copeland Jr. Black 24 April 28, 1956 Duval Rape Sharon Janet McLain, 13, white[553]
Edgar J. LaVoie White 55 August 20, 1956 Putnam Murder Sandra Brennan, 14, white (step-daughter)[554][bm]
Moses Lee Dunmore Black 21 October 1, 1956 Alachua Rape Clara Sauls, white[555][556][557]
Robert Lee Colson Black 25
Joseph L. Ezzell White 42 January 21, 1957 Duval Murder-Robbery Margaret Baynard, white[558]
William O. Raulerson White 49 July 15, 1957 Columbia Murder John O'Neal, white[559]
Roosevelt Rhone Black 33 September 30, 1957 Marion Murder Starreatha Rhone, 20, black (wife)[560][561]
Bozzie Nelson Black 45 May 26, 1958 Palm Beach Murder Sara Campbell, black[562]
George L. Everett White 23 June 13, 1958 Bay Murder-Rape Lou Ellen Jones, 21, white[563]
Harry Frank Long White 35 September 29, 1958 Duval Murder-Robbery Thomas Coleman Sr., white[564]
Willie Horne Black 25 January 12, 1959 Duval Rape Marie Marvin Sharpe, 48, white[565][72]
Jimmie Lee Thomas Black 35 January 19, 1959 Duval Rape Leona Lassiter, 36, white[566][72]
Dallas E. Withers White 38 February 2, 1959 Bay Murder David and Douglas Wilson, 7 and 4, both white[567][bn]
Frank Peterson Black 33 June 1, 1959 Holmes Murder-Rape Carnley family (three people), white[568][bo]
John Frazier Black 44 Union Murder-Rape Lacie Pearman, black (cousin)[569]
Harley A. Conner White 59 Gilchrist Murder Frank Read, white (sheriff)[570]
E. C. Daniels Black 49 August 28, 1959 Columbia Murder Clara Mae Ward, black (girlfriend)[571][572]
Sam Wiley Odom Black 20 Lake Rape Kate Coker, 63, white[571]
Willie George City Black 22 November 13, 1959 Pinellas Rape Myrtle Furst, white[573][bp]
John Edward Paul Black 24 Rape Gladys Cothreel, 47, white[574]
Ralph Williams Black 26 February 1, 1960 Pinellas Rape-Kidnap Patricia Morrison, 17, white[575]
James E. Brooks Black 29 June 20, 1960 Palm Beach Murder-Robbery Helen Baier, white[576]
Robert Wesley Davis White 26 August 7, 1961[bq] Leon Rape Female, 11, white[578] C. Farris Bryant
Norman D. Mackiewicz White 32 Dade Murder Robert Staab, white (Bal Harbour police lieutenant)[579]
Johnnie Hill Black 28 May 12, 1962[br] Escambia Murder John Brightwell, white[580]
Robert Lee Jefferson Black 22 Bay Murder-Robbery Lawrence Digsby, 31, white[581]
Samuel Johnson Black 42 September 6, 1962 Putnam Murder Glenn Faulk, white (Palatka police officer)[582]
Joe Smith White 21 September 24, 1962 St. Johns Murder Duke Olsen, 22, white (cellmate)[583][bs]
William E. Leach White 22 Union
Charles H. Lee White 35 July 18, 1963 Levy Murder Leroy Collins and Louvada Lee, 57 and 22, white (father-in-law and wife)[584][585]
Emmett C. Blake White 31 May 12, 1964 Bay Murder-Robbery Johnny Beverly, white[586][587][bt]
Sie Dawson Black 40 Gadsden Murder Roger Clayton, 2, white[588][bu]

See also

edit

Notes

edit
  1. ↑ Only woman executed in Florida before Furman.
  2. ↑ Jury found her guilty only of manslaughter and recommended clemency; judge ignored. Prominent citizens in Jacksonville also supported this and Moseley ordered a sentence suspension to study case, but ultimately chose not to act.
  3. ↑ A fourth soldier, Wallace Baker, participated in the gang rape of Sarah Hammond, but was not executed for the crime. However, he was shot for mutiny on June 18, 1864.
  4. ↑ Presumed execution; no appeals noted and other defendant later executed.
  5. ↑ Rosa Carlin and two young daughters of Mr. and Mrs. Fagan.
  6. ↑ Change of venue from Lafayette County.
  7. ↑ Possible serial killer; claimed to have killed at least seven men (unknown if including this murder or not), however the veracity of this claim is disputed.
  8. ↑ Afro-Cuban
  9. ↑ Serial killer, denied committing this murder but admitted to killing three Spaniards in Cuba.
  10. ↑ Now part of Osceola County.
  11. ↑ Bahamian, father executed in Bahamas when he was a boy.
  12. ↑ Was also indicted for a second murder which he denied committing.
  13. ↑ Had just been released from the state penitentiary after serving a term for the previous murder of young black boy.
  14. ↑ Also convicted of murdering a woman known only as "Rabbit".
  15. ↑ Murdered Minor while resisting arrest for the previous murder of another black man in a barroom.
  16. ↑ Mulatto.[148]
  17. ↑ Serial killer, had killed seven other persons prior to this.
  18. ↑ Mulatto.
  19. ↑ Murdered at Stuart, now part of Martin County.
  20. ↑ A black woman, a black man, and a white man named Anderson.
  21. ↑ Serial killer, also confessed to the murder of a train conductor in South Carolina in 1887 and two other murders.
  22. ↑ Murdered in present-day Palm Beach County.
  23. ↑ Confessed to also killing W. P. Davis (white), but was not tried for this.
  24. ↑ Also murdered a woman, Anna Paine, during the same crime.
  25. ↑ Also killed another man during the same incident.
  26. ↑ His aunt Sally Simmons and her two sons, 4 and 2 years old respectively.
  27. ↑ Murdered at Bunnell, now part of Flagler County.
  28. ↑ Mulatto.
  29. ↑ Confessed to the killing of a 17-year-old girl in Louisiana before execution but did not give any details.
  30. ↑ Victim's identity possibly unconfirmed. Serial killer, also confessed to four other murders.
  31. ↑ Also murdered a woman who was with Warren at the time.
  32. ↑ Mulatto.
  33. ↑ Half Native and half black, reported to be a "Crotan".
  34. ↑ Murdered in Jacksonville, hanged in St. Augustine due to change of venue. Possible serial killers, both suspected of several other robberies and murders.
  35. ↑ Murdered at Dinner Island, now part of Flagler County.
  36. ↑ F. V. White also killed, but they do not appear to have been tried for this.
  37. ↑ Serial killer, also killed Viola Danford (white) and Stephen Candoa (Spanish); shot at Alphonso Martinez (white, wounded), Ada Lewis (mulatto, wounded), and Susie Fox (black, missed); committed several arsons prior to shootings.
  38. ↑ Also murdered a black woman on the night of November 29, 1912, the day before in Plant City, but was not tried for this.
  39. ↑ Also killed Houston's wife, Annie Johnson.
  40. ↑ Raped in the Progresso area of Fort Lauderdale, now part of Broward County.
  41. ↑ Thomas (birth name Thompson) did not know his exact age, but knew he was older than 30.
  42. ↑ police officer Charles Waters, Sam Manuel (black), and Stanley Price (black) also wounded in duel.
  43. ↑ Serial killer, denied murdering Freeman but confessed to five other murders shortly before his execution.
  44. ↑ Also killed deputy sheriff Henry Higgins (white) while fugitive after crime, but was only tried for Smith's murder.
  45. ↑ Also killed wife's aunt, but was not executed for this.
  46. ↑ Male relative variously identified as a half-brother, brother-in-law, or brother.
  47. ↑ Victim was also murdered, but Coachman was apparently not executed for this.
  48. ↑ Serial killers, two members of a three-man gang ("The Twentieth Street Killers") who committed four fatal robberies in November and December 1925. Their other three victims were Howard Hill (white), Vincente Nievla (Cuban), and Isaiah English (black). Williams had also previously murdered another black man, Lee Counts, in 1920.[393][392]
  49. ↑ Hanged in DeLand under state jurisdiction. Browne had been convicted in 1922, and the state supreme court ruled he would be hanged after a plea was made over the change to electrocution.
  50. ↑ Serial killer, also confessed to the murders of the Rowell family (three persons) and their rooming tenant. Also suspected in the killing of his ex-wife Emma Hilliard, but does not appear to have been investigated for this.
  51. ↑ Hanged under the authoritity of the U.S. Coast Guard in a seaplane hangar in Fort Lauderdale. Only execution ever carried out by the U.S. Coast Guard.
  52. ↑ Also murdered Secret Service operative Robert Webster during the same incident.
  53. ↑ Serial rapist, also confessed to raping Ada Easterlin (60, white), a deaf-mute female (white), an 11-year-old girl (white), and an 8-year-old girl (white), attempted rape of a 15-year-old girl, and the attempted homicide of Frank Keeler.
  54. ↑ Change of venue from Duval County.
  55. ↑ Serial killer; also killed Louise Speer, Katharine's mother, but was only indicted for this. Had previously been convicted of murdering George Fay in Alabama in 1908 and was acquitted of murdering William Cowles in 1931.
  56. ↑ Williams confessed posthoumously through a written note to the murder of a Chinese person in Savannah, Georgia in 1921 but did not give any details.
  57. ↑ Change of venue from Franklin County.
  58. ↑ His wife Marie (47) and their daughters Edith (9) and Nina (6).
  59. ↑ Also murdered the victim.
  60. ↑ Also killed his daughter and sister-in-law, but was not tried for their murders.
  61. ↑ Irving Leopold (37), his wife Esther (32), Esther's son Stephen Singer (6), and Ralph Morin (19). The first three victims were killed in their home and Morin was killed on the same day in a separate carjacking.
  62. ↑ Change of venue from Gadsden County.
  63. ↑ Also killed Samuel Null and Curtis Floyd Graham (John's brother), but was convicted of John's murder first.
  64. ↑ Also killed his ex-wife Lucille, but was only tried for Thomas's murder.
  65. ↑ Also killed his ex-wife Marjorie, 45, but was not tried for this.
  66. ↑ Serial rapist, sexually assaulted both boys before their murders and confessed to "molesting children for years" without being caught.
  67. ↑ Ira Gene Carnley, his wife (21), and their daughter Earnestine (2). Ira and Earnestine were murdered, and then Mrs. Carnley was raped.
  68. ↑ Serial rapist, confessed to raping three white women and three black women and to attempting to rape a seventh woman.
  69. ↑ Last executions conducted at the Union Correctional Institution.[577]
  70. ↑ First executions conducted at the Florida State Prison.[577]
  71. ↑ Murdered in Florida State Prison while serving time for a narcotics charge. Smith and Leach were serving time for theft and breaking & entering respectively.
  72. ↑ Also charged with second-degree murder for another murder during the same crime.
  73. ↑ Confessed to also killing Roger's mother, Maggie Clayton, but was not convicted of this.

References

edit
  1. ↑ "Executions in Florida - 1827-1930 - DeathPenaltyUSA, the database of executions in the United States". deathpenaltyusa.org. Retrieved January 12, 2024.
  2. ↑ "Executions in Florida - 1931-1979 - DeathPenaltyUSA, the database of executions in the United States". deathpenaltyusa.org. Retrieved January 12, 2024.
  3. ↑ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved February 4, 2024.
  4. ↑ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved February 4, 2024.
  5. ↑ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved February 4, 2024.
  6. 1 2 3 Vandiver, Margaret (December 22, 2005). Lethal Punishment: Lynchings and Legal Executions in the South. Rutgers University Press. ISBN 978-0-8135-4106-8.
  7. ↑ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved February 3, 2024.
  8. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of Benjamin Donica". Espy Archive. June 20, 1827.
  9. ↑ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved February 3, 2024.
  10. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of Andrew Crail". Espy Archive. March 30, 1829.
  11. ↑ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved February 3, 2024.
  12. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of Norman Sherwood". Espy Archive. December 10, 1830.
  13. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of Robert Breen". Espy Archive. December 20, 1833.
  14. ↑ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved February 3, 2024.
  15. ↑ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved February 3, 2024.
  16. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 Florida, executions recorded in statewide records, Undated, Espy Archive
  17. ↑ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved February 3, 2024.
  18. ↑ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved February 3, 2024.
  19. ↑ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved February 3, 2024.
  20. ↑ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved February 3, 2024.
  21. ↑ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved February 3, 2024.
  22. ↑ Denham, James M. (1997). A Rogue's Paradise: Crime and Punishment in Antebellum Florida, 1821-1861. University of Alabama Press. ISBN 978-0-8173-0847-6.
  23. ↑ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved February 3, 2024.
  24. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of Alvin Flowers". Espy Archive. October 2, 1846.
  25. ↑ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved February 3, 2024.
  26. ↑ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved February 3, 2024.
  27. ↑ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved February 3, 2024.
  28. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of (slave) Simon". Espy Archive. December 1, 1848.
  29. ↑ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved February 3, 2024.
  30. ↑ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved February 3, 2024.
  31. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of Unknown, Unknown, Unknown, Redding Evans, Thomas J Holten..." Espy Archive. January 19, 1905.
  32. ↑ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved February 3, 2024.
  33. ↑ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved February 3, 2024.
  34. ↑ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved February 3, 2024.
  35. ↑ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved February 3, 2024.
  36. ↑ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved February 3, 2024.
  37. ↑ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved February 2, 2024.
  38. ↑ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved February 2, 2024.
  39. ↑ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved February 2, 2024.
  40. ↑ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved February 3, 2024.
  41. ↑ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved February 2, 2024.
  42. ↑ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved February 2, 2024.
  43. ↑ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved February 2, 2024.
  44. ↑ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved February 2, 2024.
  45. ↑ "Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved February 2, 2024.
  46. ↑ "Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved December 22, 2025.
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  48. ↑ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved February 2, 2024.
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  52. ↑ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved February 2, 2024.
  53. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of Gabe Zeigler, Lewis Zeigler, Sam Zeigler, Booker Old". Espy Archive. November 2, 1866.
  54. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of Guilford Register". Espy Archive. April 19, 1867.
  55. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of Guilford Register". Espy Archive. April 19, 1867.
  56. ↑ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved February 2, 2024.
  57. ↑ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved February 2, 2024.
  58. ↑ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved February 2, 2024.
  59. ↑ "(untitled)". The Weekly Telegraph. November 19, 1869. p. 2. Retrieved January 28, 2026.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  60. ↑ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved February 2, 2024.
  61. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of William Scott". Espy Archive. February 14, 1905.
  62. ↑ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved February 2, 2024.
  63. ↑ "Southern News". The Courier-Journal. May 30, 1872. p. 2. Retrieved January 28, 2026.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  64. ↑ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved February 2, 2024.
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  66. ↑ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved February 2, 2024.
  67. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of William Keen". Espy Archive. February 27, 1874.
  68. ↑ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved February 2, 2024.
  69. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of James Munroe". Espy Archive. May 14, 1875.
  70. ↑ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved February 2, 2024.
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  73. ↑ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved February 2, 2024.
  74. ↑ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved February 1, 2024.
  75. ↑ "(untitled)". The Valdosta Times. September 27, 1879. p. 3. Retrieved January 10, 2026.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  76. ↑ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved February 1, 2024.
  77. ↑ "(untitled)". The Weekly Tribune. May 27, 1880. p. 2. Retrieved January 10, 2026.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  78. ↑ "(untitled)". The Valdosta Times. May 29, 1880. p. 3. Retrieved January 10, 2026.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  79. ↑ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved February 1, 2024.
  80. ↑ "Floridiana". The Florida Agriculturist. July 21, 1880. p. 8. Retrieved January 10, 2026.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  81. ↑ "Florida News". Ledger-Enquirer. July 30, 1880. p. 3. Retrieved January 10, 2026.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  82. ↑ "Summary of the execution of Andrew Fell". Espy Archive. April 22, 1881.
  83. ↑ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved February 1, 2024.
  84. ↑ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved February 1, 2024.
  85. ↑ "(untitled)". The Weekly Tribune. July 15, 1880. p. 2. Retrieved January 10, 2026.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  86. ↑ "(untitled)". The Weekly Floridian. September 27, 1881. p. 2. Retrieved January 9, 2026.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  87. ↑ "(untitled)". The Savannah Morning News. September 29, 1881. p. 4. Retrieved January 9, 2026.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  88. 1 2 "Documentation for the execution of Harrison Carter, Merrick Johnson, Andy Taylor, Joseph Jewell, Richmond Stuart..." Espy Archive. August 4, 1882.
  89. ↑ "Merrick Removed". The Florida Times-Union. August 5, 1882. p. 1. Retrieved January 9, 2026.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  90. ↑ "Strangled!". The Florida Times-Union. August 5, 1882. p. 1. Retrieved January 9, 2026.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  91. ↑ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved February 1, 2024.
  92. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of Leonidas Johnson, John Mckithern, Laban Stevens, Charles Clark, Wesley Johnson..." Espy Archive. May 23, 1884.
  93. ↑ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved February 1, 2024.
  94. ↑ "State News". The Palatka Daily News. April 4, 1884. p. 1. Retrieved January 10, 2026.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  95. ↑ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved February 1, 2024.
  96. ↑ "(untitled)". The Weekly Floridian. December 23, 1884. p. 2. Retrieved January 9, 2026.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  97. ↑ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved February 1, 2024.
  98. ↑ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved February 1, 2024.
  99. ↑ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved February 1, 2024.
  100. ↑ "Orlando's Double Hanging". The Savannah Morning News. June 6, 1886. p. 2. Retrieved January 9, 2026.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  101. ↑ Index Card Summary of Execution(s), Undated
  102. ↑ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved February 1, 2024.
  103. ↑ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved February 1, 2024.
  104. ↑ "Confesses His Guilt". The Florida Times-Union. July 28, 1886. p. 4. Retrieved January 9, 2026.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  105. ↑ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved February 1, 2024.
  106. ↑ "Sherman Davis Hung". The News-Herald. Jacksonville, Florida. August 13, 1886. p. 1. Retrieved January 9, 2026.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  107. ↑ "Sherman Davis' Crime". The Florida Times-Union. August 14, 1886. p. 1. Retrieved January 9, 2026.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  108. ↑ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved February 1, 2024.
  109. ↑ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved February 1, 2024.
  110. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of Henry Wiggins". Espy Archive. July 23, 1887.
  111. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of Henry Wiggins". Espy Archive. July 23, 1887.
  112. ↑ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved February 1, 2024.
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  117. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of William Gaskins". Espy Archive. August 1, 1889.
  118. ↑ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved February 1, 2024.
  119. ↑ "Sent To Eternity!". The Florida Agriculturist. August 7, 1889. p. 13. Retrieved January 9, 2026.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  120. ↑ "Summary of the execution of Bill Westmoreland". Espy Archive. August 15, 1889.
  121. ↑ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved January 31, 2024.
  122. ↑ "Rivers Love Again". The Weekly Floridian. August 20, 1889. p. 7. Retrieved January 8, 2026.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  123. ↑ "Rivers Love Hanged". The Savannah Morning News. April 3, 1890. p. 2. Retrieved January 8, 2026.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  124. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of Kelly Stewart". Espy Archive. July 31, 1890.
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  127. ↑ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved January 31, 2024.
  128. ↑ "A Murderer Captured". The Florida Times-Union. July 26, 1890. p. 2. Retrieved January 8, 2026.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  129. ↑ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved January 31, 2024.
  130. ↑ "Hanged At Tallahassee". The Evening Times-Union. March 12, 1891. p. 1. Retrieved January 8, 2026.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
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  135. ↑ "Hung at Apalachicola". The Pensacola News. December 21, 1893. p. 1. Retrieved January 8, 2026.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
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  138. ↑ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved January 31, 2024.
  139. ↑ "Hung at Marianna". The Pensacola News. September 22, 1894. p. 1. Retrieved January 8, 2026.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
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  141. ↑ "(untitled)". The Pensacola News. July 12, 1895. p. 4. Retrieved January 8, 2026.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
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  145. ↑ "Grant Griffin Is Hanged". Daily Florida Citizen. April 11, 1895. p. 2. Retrieved January 8, 2026.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  146. ↑ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved January 31, 2024.
  147. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of Mike Stevens, Henry Brown, Mike Stevens". Espy Archive. September 18, 1895.
  148. ↑ William Lattimer, FL, 1897 January 13
  149. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of William Lattimer". Espy Archive. January 13, 1897.
  150. ↑ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved January 31, 2024.
  151. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of Albert Gunn". Espy Archive. September 2, 1897.
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  154. ↑ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved January 31, 2024.
  155. ↑ "Summary of the execution of Sylvanus Johnson". Espy Archive. September 13, 1897.
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  157. ↑ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved January 31, 2024.
  158. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of Harry Singleton". Espy Archive. March 11, 1905.
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  162. ↑ "Hanged For Murder". The Florida Times-Union. July 10, 1898. p. 2. Retrieved January 8, 2026.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
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  165. ↑ "Tallahassee". The Florida Times-Union. March 16, 1899. p. 6. Retrieved January 8, 2026.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  166. ↑ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved January 31, 2024.
  167. ↑ "Sherman Copeland Hanged". The Tampa Tribune. November 11, 1899. p. 1. Retrieved January 8, 2026.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  168. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of Wayman King". Espy Archive. March 9, 1900.
  169. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of Wayman King". Espy Archive. March 9, 1900.
  170. ↑ "Wayman King Hanged Twice". The Pensacola News. March 9, 1900. p. 1. Retrieved December 17, 2025.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
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  172. ↑ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved January 30, 2024.
  173. ↑ "Murderer Executed at Tallahassee". Bradford County Telegraph. August 17, 1900. p. 3. Retrieved December 17, 2025.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  174. ↑ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved January 30, 2024.
  175. ↑ "M'Iver Sentenced To Hang". The Tampa Tribune. August 17, 1900. p. 1. Retrieved December 17, 2025.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  176. ↑ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved January 30, 2024.
  177. ↑ "Ocala Occurrences". The Ocala Evening Star. October 19, 1900. p. 3. Retrieved December 17, 2025.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  178. ↑ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved January 30, 2024.
  179. ↑ "Four Negroes Legally Executed". The Pensacola News. July 6, 1901. p. 1. Retrieved December 17, 2025.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  180. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of Belton Hamilton, Jim Harrison, William Williams, John Simmons". Espy Archive. July 5, 1901.
  181. ↑ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved January 30, 2024.
  182. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of Robert Lee, James Kirby". Espy Archive. August 2, 1901.
  183. ↑ "(untitled)". The St. Augustine Record. August 9, 1901. p. 1. Retrieved December 17, 2025.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  184. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of James Mercer". Espy Archive. August 23, 1901.
  185. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of James Mercer". Espy Archive. August 23, 1901.
  186. ↑ "A History Of Mercer's Crime". The Tampa Tribune. August 24, 1901. p. 2. Retrieved December 17, 2025.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  187. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of Will Jones". Espy Archive. November 8, 1901.
  188. ↑ "Paid The Penalty". The New Enterprise. November 14, 1901. p. 1. Retrieved December 17, 2025.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  189. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of Thomas Hampton". Espy Archive. December 6, 1901.
  190. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of Thomas Hampton". Espy Archive. December 6, 1901.
  191. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of Hampton Wynn". Espy Archive. January 24, 1902.
  192. ↑ "Brief Telegraphic News". The Florida Times-Union. January 25, 1902. p. 4. Retrieved December 17, 2025.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  193. ↑ "Summary of the execution of Henry Wilson". Espy Archive. April 4, 1902.
  194. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of Moses Roberson". Espy Archive. April 4, 1902.
  195. ↑ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved January 30, 2024.
  196. ↑ "Hung Yesterday At Green Cove". Jacksonville Journal. July 19, 1902. p. 7. Retrieved December 17, 2025.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
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  198. ↑ "Hanging At Quincy". Jacksonville Journal. August 2, 1902. p. 1. Retrieved December 17, 2025.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  199. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of Thomas Faircloth". Espy Archive. September 30, 1902.
  200. ↑ Dunn, Marvin (November 19, 1997). Black Miami in the Twentieth Century. University Press of Florida. ISBN 978-0-8130-5957-0.
  201. ↑ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved January 30, 2024.
  202. 1 2 "Daly Hangs At Miami". The Evening Independent. April 10, 1914. p. 1. Retrieved November 14, 2025.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
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  205. 1 2 Kleinberg, Eliot. "Cold case: Mystery of 1902 murder of West Palm Beach pioneer revealed". The Palm Beach Post. Retrieved July 16, 2025.
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  207. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of John Brown". Espy Archive. April 24, 1903.
  208. ↑ "Sentenced To Death". Jacksonville Journal. April 25, 1903. p. 5. Retrieved December 17, 2025.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
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  214. ↑ "Fred Ewert Pays the Penalty Of His Crime in Key West". The Florida Times-Union. December 6, 1904. p. 3. Retrieved November 27, 2025.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
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  216. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of Reuben Reed". Espy Archive. July 21, 1905.
  217. ↑ "His Career Was Full Of Crime". Jacksonville Journal. July 22, 1905. p. 8. Retrieved December 17, 2025.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  218. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of Edward Lamb". Espy Archive. October 27, 1905.
  219. ↑ "Lamb On Gallows Pays Penalty For His Brutal Crime". The Tampa Tribune. October 28, 1905. p. 1. Retrieved December 17, 2025.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  220. ↑ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved January 30, 2024.
  221. ↑ "Tom Spires Legally Executed In Marianna". Pensacola News Journal. October 28, 1905. p. 1. Retrieved December 17, 2025.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  222. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of Allen Mathis, William Marcus, William Wilshire, Sam Edwards, John Mitchell". Espy Archive. July 31, 1906.
  223. ↑ "On To Death Goes Isham Edwards". The Florida Times-Union. November 3, 1905. p. 10. Retrieved December 17, 2025.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  224. ↑ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved January 31, 2024.
  225. ↑ Florida, J, 1853-1943, Undated
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  227. ↑ "Verdict Guilty Against Sanford". The Florida Times-Union. November 10, 1905. p. 3. Retrieved December 17, 2025.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  228. ↑ "Woodville Items". The Weekly True Democrat. February 9, 1906. p. 7. Retrieved December 17, 2025.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
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  232. ↑ "A Desperado Is Captured". Jacksonville Journal. December 15, 1905. p. 10. Retrieved December 17, 2025.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  233. ↑ ""Willie" Waters Executed At Fernandina Yesterday". Jacksonville Journal. June 6, 1906. p. 1. Retrieved December 17, 2025.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  234. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of Albert Simmons". Espy Archive. June 26, 1906.
  235. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of Albert Simmons". Espy Archive. June 26, 1906.
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  237. ↑ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved January 31, 2024.
  238. ↑ "J. Newton Edwards Hanged At Fort Myers Prison". The Tampa Tribune. February 27, 1907. p. 1. Retrieved December 17, 2025.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
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  241. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of Alfred Sargent". Espy Archive. June 15, 1907.
  242. ↑ "Alfred Sargent Paid Death Penalty". The Florida Times-Union. June 15, 1907. p. 9. Retrieved December 17, 2025.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
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  244. 1 2 "Death Drop From Gallows". The Tampa Tribune. August 31, 1907. p. 1. Retrieved December 17, 2025.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
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  246. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of Arthur Davis, Andrew Thomas, William Mitchell, Will Harvey, Fred Miller..." Espy Archive. March 8, 1907.
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  254. ↑ "Pays Death Penalty". Jacksonville Journal. April 17, 1909. p. 12. Retrieved December 17, 2025.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  255. ↑ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved January 31, 2024.
  256. ↑ "Ponce DeLeon". Pensacola News Journal. May 15, 1909. p. 5. Retrieved December 17, 2025.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  257. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of Will Mcfadden". Espy Archive. May 21, 1909.
  258. ↑ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved January 31, 2024.
  259. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of Walter Ledbetter". Espy Archive. June 4, 1909.
  260. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of Otis Smith". Espy Archive. June 11, 1909.
  261. ↑ "The Jury's Verdict". Jacksonville Journal. May 7, 1908. p. 5. Retrieved December 17, 2025.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  262. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of George Hawkins". Espy Archive. July 2, 1909.
  263. ↑ "George Hawkins Was Legally Hanged". The Florida Times-Union. July 3, 1909. p. 3. Retrieved December 17, 2025.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  264. ↑ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved January 31, 2024.
  265. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of Albert Smith". Espy Archive. August 10, 1909.
  266. ↑ "Execution Of Albert Smith". The Ocala Evening Star. August 10, 1909. p. 3. Retrieved December 17, 2025.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  267. ↑ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved January 31, 2024.
  268. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of R. H. Owens". Espy Archive. January 15, 1910.
  269. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of Roland Flowers". Espy Archive. March 4, 1910.
  270. ↑ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved January 31, 2024.
  271. ↑ "Negro To Hang In Marianna". Pensacola News Journal. March 2, 1910. p. 4. Retrieved December 16, 2025.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  272. ↑ "Negro Hanged At Marianna". Pensacola News Journal. March 12, 1910. p. 2. Retrieved December 16, 2025.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  273. ↑ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved January 31, 2024.
  274. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of Irving Hanchett". Espy Archive. May 6, 1910.
  275. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of Irving Hanchett". Espy Archive. May 6, 1910.
  276. ↑ "JEROME M. ALLEN, Appellant, vs. STATE OF FLORIDA, Appellee" (PDF). June 3, 1993.
  277. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of George Fields". Espy Archive. June 25, 1910.
  278. ↑ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved January 31, 2024.
  279. 1 2 "Ed Mimbs Hanged At Bartow Today For Murder of A. D. Buie". The Lakeland Evening Telegram. May 31, 1918. p. 1. Retrieved December 16, 2025.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  280. ↑ "Bryant To Be Executed Today". The Florida Times-Union. July 1, 1910. p. 5. Retrieved December 16, 2025.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  281. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of Brooks Foley". Espy Archive. July 29, 1910.
  282. ↑ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved January 31, 2024.
  283. ↑ "Legal Execution At Alachua County Jail". The Florida Times-Union. July 30, 1910. p. 2. Retrieved December 16, 2025.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  284. ↑ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved January 31, 2024.
  285. ↑ "Lawrence Dargan Kills His Wife Near Welaka". Gainesville Daily Sun. July 28, 1909. p. 1. Retrieved December 16, 2025.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  286. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of Derry Taft". Espy Archive. October 18, 1910.
  287. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of Derry Taft". Espy Archive. October 18, 1910.
  288. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of James Green". Espy Archive. January 27, 1911.
  289. ↑ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved January 31, 2024.
  290. ↑ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved January 31, 2024.
  291. ↑ "Summary of the execution of William Walker". Espy Archive. July 14, 1911.
  292. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of Edgar Youmans, Will Mccoy". Espy Archive. December 1, 1911.
  293. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of Edgar Youmans, Will Mccoy". Espy Archive. December 1, 1911.
  294. ↑ "Condemned Men Begged Negroes To Take Warning". The Florida Times-Union. December 2, 1911. p. 15. Retrieved December 16, 2025.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  295. ↑ "Kissimmee Has First Hanging". The Tampa Tribune. January 21, 1912. p. 26. Retrieved December 16, 2025.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  296. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of Dave Turner". Espy Archive. February 16, 1912.
  297. ↑ "Dave Turner Hanged". The Ocala Evening Star. February 16, 1912. p. 3. Retrieved December 16, 2025.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  298. ↑ "Henry Richards Pays Penalty Hanged At DeLand This Morning". The Daytona Beach News-Journal. February 16, 1912. p. 1. Retrieved December 16, 2025.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  299. ↑ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved January 31, 2024.
  300. ↑ "Perry News Notes". Jacksonville Journal. April 29, 1912. p. 14. Retrieved December 16, 2025.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  301. ↑ "Summary of the execution of Will Alexander". Espy Archive. May 3, 1912.
  302. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of Henry Horee". Espy Archive. May 10, 1912.
  303. ↑ State, Florida Office of Secretary of (1913). Report of the Secretary of State of the State of Florida. The Office.
  304. ↑ "Henry Horee Went To His Death On Gallows At Perry". The Florida Times-Union. May 12, 1912. p. 15. Retrieved December 16, 2025.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  305. ↑ "Summary of the execution of Tom White, Eugene Baxter". Espy Archive. May 31, 1912.
  306. ↑ "Summary of the execution of Steve Johnson". Espy Archive. May 31, 1912.
  307. ↑ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved January 31, 2024.
  308. ↑ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved January 31, 2024.
  309. ↑ "George Watkins Was Hanged In Fort Pierce". The Florida Times-Union. September 8, 1912. p. 34. Retrieved December 16, 2025.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  310. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of Caine Perry, Fortune Perry". Espy Archive. September 27, 1912.
  311. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of Robert Anderson". Espy Archive. November 23, 1912.
  312. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of Robert Anderson". Espy Archive. November 23, 1912.
  313. ↑ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved January 31, 2024.
  314. ↑ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved January 31, 2024.
  315. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of Jake Williams". Espy Archive. April 4, 1913.
  316. ↑ "Negroes Being Prepared For Hanging Here". Jacksonville Journal. April 14, 1913. p. 13. Retrieved December 16, 2025.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  317. ↑ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved January 31, 2024.
  318. ↑ "Tom Bush Hanged In Pasco County". Tampa Bay Times. May 25, 1913. p. 1. Retrieved December 16, 2025.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  319. ↑ Florida, M-N, 1875-1997, Undated
  320. ↑ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved January 31, 2024.
  321. ↑ "Sam Hurd To Hang Today In Gainesville". The Florida Times-Union. January 30, 1914. p. 13. Retrieved December 16, 2025.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  322. ↑ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved January 31, 2024.
  323. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of Bennie Henson". Espy Archive. March 13, 1914.
  324. ↑ "Mrs. Ethel Henson Was Shot To Death Near Her Home Last Night". The Tampa Times. August 22, 1913. p. 7. Retrieved December 16, 2025.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  325. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of Clarence Daly". Espy Archive. April 10, 1914.
  326. ↑ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved January 31, 2024.
  327. ↑ "Summary of the execution of Lonnie Rowland". Espy Archive. January 22, 1915.
  328. ↑ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved January 31, 2024.
  329. ↑ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved January 31, 2024.
  330. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of Clyde Stover". Espy Archive. June 12, 1915.
  331. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of Clyde Stover". Espy Archive. June 12, 1915.
  332. ↑ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved January 31, 2024.
  333. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of John Wade". Espy Archive. August 13, 1915.
  334. 1 2 "Documentation for the execution of Ed Maddox". Espy Archive. August 20, 1915.
  335. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of Ebenezer Tobin". Espy Archive. October 22, 1915.
  336. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of Ebenezer Tobin". Espy Archive. October 22, 1915.
  337. ↑ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved January 31, 2024.
  338. ↑ "Negro Hanged For Murder Of Officer". Pensacola News Journal. December 6, 1915. p. 6. Retrieved December 16, 2025.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  339. ↑ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved January 31, 2024.
  340. ↑ "Death Warrant Has Been Issued For Pearl White". Tallahassee Democrat. December 4, 1915. p. 1. Retrieved December 16, 2025.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  341. ↑ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved January 31, 2024.
  342. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of Charles Haynes". Espy Archive. September 1, 1916.
  343. ↑ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved January 31, 2024.
  344. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of Will Turner". Espy Archive. October 20, 1916.
  345. ↑ "Will Turner Pays The Death Penalty At Gainesville, Fla". Jacksonville Journal. October 20, 1916. p. 1. Retrieved December 16, 2025.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  346. ↑ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved January 31, 2024.
  347. ↑ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved January 31, 2024.
  348. ↑ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved January 31, 2024.
  349. ↑ "Edgar London Dies On The Scaffold". The Tampa Tribune. January 5, 1918. p. 10. Retrieved December 16, 2025.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  350. ↑ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved January 31, 2024.
  351. 1 2 3 4 5 Documentation for the execution of Hannon, Cracker, Innis Hooper, Charles Holmes, Waters..., November 3, 1904
  352. ↑ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved January 31, 2024.
  353. ↑ "George Barrington Hanged In Quincy; Tells Of Crimes". The Florida Times-Union. June 16, 1918. p. 12. Retrieved December 16, 2025.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  354. ↑ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved January 31, 2024.
  355. ↑ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved January 31, 2024.
  356. ↑ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved January 31, 2024.
  357. ↑ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved January 31, 2024.
  358. 1 2 "Two Negroes Pay Penalty For Murders". Jacksonville Journal. October 17, 1919. p. 3. Retrieved December 16, 2025.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  359. ↑ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved January 31, 2024.
  360. ↑ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved January 31, 2024.
  361. ↑ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved January 30, 2024.
  362. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of Robert Blackwell". Espy Archive. July 23, 1920.
  363. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of Robert Blackwell". Espy Archive. July 23, 1920.
  364. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of Hosie Poole". Espy Archive. July 30, 1920.
  365. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of Tom Brown". Espy Archive. May 20, 1921.
  366. ↑ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved January 31, 2024.
  367. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of Jake Martin, Putnam Ponsell". Espy Archive. September 23, 1921.
  368. ↑ "Tuggle Beaten To Death And Robbed". The Orlando Sentinel. July 13, 1921. p. 8. Retrieved December 16, 2025.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  369. ↑ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved January 31, 2024.
  370. ↑ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved January 31, 2024.
  371. ↑ "Negro Hanged At Blountstown". Pensacola News Journal. January 13, 1923. p. 8. Retrieved December 16, 2025.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  372. ↑ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved January 31, 2024.
  373. ↑ "Negro Thief Kills Deputy". Tampa Bay Times. September 15, 1922. p. 12. Retrieved December 16, 2025.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  374. ↑ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved January 31, 2024.
  375. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of Arthur Johnson". Espy Archive. July 27, 1923.
  376. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of Lawrence Revels". Espy Archive. November 23, 1923.
  377. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of Lawrence Revels". Espy Archive. November 23, 1923.
  378. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of Lawrence Revels". Espy Archive. November 23, 1923.
  379. ↑ "Solon Is Too Busy". Brownsville Herald. January 8, 1937. p. 11. Retrieved July 8, 2025.
  380. ↑ Senate, United States Congress (1968). Hearings. U.S. Government Printing Office.
  381. ↑ "Death Chair Law Upheld by Court". The Evening Independent. November 13, 1930. p. 1. Retrieved January 26, 2024.
  382. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of Frank Johnson". Espy Archive. October 7, 1924.
  383. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of J. C. Coachman". Espy Archive. May 6, 1925.
  384. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of J. C. Coachman". Espy Archive. May 6, 1925.
  385. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of Will Champion". Espy Archive. January 28, 1926.
  386. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of Roy Dunwood". Espy Archive. May 12, 1926.
  387. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of John Simmons". Espy Archive. July 5, 1901.
  388. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of Harry Scrimm". Espy Archive. May 25, 1926.
  389. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of Harry Scrimm, Phillip Taylor, Willie Green, Arthur Williams, Melvin Johnson..." Espy Archive. May 25, 1926.
  390. ↑ "Gleanings from the Press". The Evening Independent. October 21, 1926. p. 14. Retrieved January 26, 2024.
  391. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of Willie Green, Arthur Williams". Espy Archive. November 23, 1926.
  392. 1 2 Florida, G, 1849-1984, Undated
  393. ↑ Florida, executions in city and county histories, 1954-1993, Undated
  394. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of Lloyd Salter, Raymond Stone". Espy Archive. March 1, 1927.
  395. ↑ "Negro Murder Suspects Get Death Verdict". The Evening Independent. August 21, 1926. p. 1. Retrieved July 2, 2024.
  396. ↑ "Summary of the execution of Rufus Chesser". Espy Archive. March 23, 1927.
  397. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of Earl London". Espy Archive. April 7, 1927.
  398. ↑ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved January 30, 2024.
  399. ↑ "Florida Slayer Calm Until End". The Evening Independent. April 18, 1927. pp. 1–2. Retrieved January 17, 2026.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  400. ↑ "Charlie Browne Is Put To Death". Jacksonville Journal. April 18, 1927. p. 1. Retrieved January 17, 2026.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  401. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of Fortune Ferguson". Espy Archive. April 27, 1927.
  402. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of Fortune Ferguson". Espy Archive. April 27, 1927.
  403. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of Fortune Ferguson". Espy Archive. April 27, 1927.
  404. ↑ "Summary of the execution of Louis Thomas". Espy Archive. November 29, 1927.
  405. ↑ "Thomas Dies Calmly With Plea For Reed". The Tampa Tribune. November 30, 1927. p. 1. Retrieved December 15, 2025.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  406. ↑ "Summary of the execution of Thomas Costello". Espy Archive. December 13, 1927.
  407. ↑ "$1,000 Offered As Rewards For Gunmen Capture". The Tampa Tribune. May 13, 1926. p. 1. Retrieved December 20, 2025.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  408. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of Robert Pittman". Espy Archive. June 13, 1928.
  409. ↑ "Summary of the execution of William Vaughn". Espy Archive. August 28, 1928.
  410. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of Melvin Johnson". Espy Archive. September 4, 1928.
  411. ↑ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved January 27, 2024.
  412. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of James Turner". Espy Archive. September 25, 1928.
  413. ↑ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved January 27, 2024.
  414. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of George Davis". Espy Archive. October 9, 1928.
  415. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of Herbert Harvey". Espy Archive. October 23, 1928.
  416. ↑ "Day by Day In Florida". The Evening Independent. July 18, 1927. p. 12. Retrieved January 30, 2024.
  417. ↑ "Governor Signs Death Warrants". The Evening Independent. October 21, 1927. p. 1. Retrieved January 30, 2024.
  418. ↑ "Alderman Dies on Gallows For Slaying Coast Guards". Sarasota Herald-Tribune. August 18, 1929. pp. 1–2. Retrieved January 17, 2026.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  419. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of Ross Funderbirk". Espy Archive. March 19, 1930.
  420. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of Clayton Bell". Espy Archive. January 27, 1931.
  421. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of T. Southworth". Espy Archive. February 12, 1931.
  422. ↑ "Fickle Justice". St. Petersburg Times. February 25, 1931. p. 4. Retrieved December 21, 2023.
  423. ↑ "Floridian Held For Killing Of Mother-In-Law". Sarasota Herald-Tribune. June 4, 1930. p. 1. Retrieved January 26, 2024.
  424. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of Henry Johnson". Espy Archive. June 24, 1931.
  425. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of Jim Collins". Espy Archive. November 12, 1931.
  426. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of Jim Collins". Espy Archive. November 12, 1931.
  427. ↑ "Negro Dies In Chair". The Evening Independent. February 27, 1932. p. 8. Retrieved December 23, 2023.
  428. ↑ "Summary of the execution of Elvin Jeffcoat". Espy Archive. March 24, 1933.
  429. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of Norman Heidt". Espy Archive. July 10, 1933.
  430. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of Walter Williams". Espy Archive. October 8, 1934.
  431. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of Walter Williams". Espy Archive. October 8, 1934.
  432. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of Walter Williams". Espy Archive. October 8, 1934.
  433. ↑ "Summary of the execution of Fred Anderson, Thomas Jefferson". Espy Archive. January 22, 1935.
  434. 1 2 3 "Documentation for the execution of Simee Fields, Marcus Powell, Ivory Williams, Richard Smith, Wilburn Crews..." Espy Archive. May 10, 1937.
  435. ↑ "Negro Executed At Raiford Today". Sarasota Herald-Tribune. February 25, 1935. p. 5. Retrieved January 26, 2024.
  436. ↑ "Summary of the execution of Herman Smith". Espy Archive. April 5, 1935.
  437. ↑ "Summary of the execution of Martin Jarvis". Espy Archive. April 11, 1935.
  438. ↑ "Summary of the execution of Monroe Hasty". Espy Archive. September 16, 1935.
  439. ↑ "Florida Negro Dies In Chair". Sarasota Herald-Tribune. January 7, 1936. p. 1. Retrieved January 26, 2024.
  440. ↑ "Summary of the execution of Ed Bradley". Espy Archive. June 29, 1936.
  441. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of George Dixon". Espy Archive. August 24, 1936.
  442. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of Lee Clark". Espy Archive. October 19, 1936.
  443. ↑ "Summary of the execution of L. D. Padgett". Espy Archive. October 19, 1936.
  444. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of Clarence Casey, James Milligan". Espy Archive. October 19, 1936.
  445. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of Rufus Johnson". Espy Archive. October 26, 1936.
  446. ↑ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved January 27, 2024.
  447. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of George Scroggins". Espy Archive. October 26, 1936.
  448. ↑ "Summary of the execution of James Walker, Richard Williams". Espy Archive. December 14, 1936.
  449. ↑ "Summary of the execution of Willie Walker". Espy Archive. April 23, 1937.
  450. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of Finney Fields". Espy Archive. May 10, 1937.
  451. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of Simee Fields, Marcus Powell, Ivory Williams, Giuseppe Zangara, Richard Smith..." Espy Archive. May 10, 1937.
  452. ↑ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved January 27, 2024.
  453. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of Marcus Powell". Espy Archive. July 12, 1937.
  454. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of Preston Mcdonald, Walter Williams". Espy Archive. July 19, 1937.
  455. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of Robert Hinds". Espy Archive. July 23, 1937.
  456. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of Orson Williams". Espy Archive. June 20, 1938.
  457. ↑ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved January 27, 2024.
  458. ↑ "Summary of the execution of Willie Randolph". Espy Archive. July 5, 1938.
  459. ↑ "Slain In Death Pact". St. Joseph News-Press. May 9, 1938. p. 11. Retrieved December 22, 2023.
  460. ↑ "Summary of the execution of Paul Bunge". Espy Archive. February 2, 1939.
  461. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of Johnny Smith". Espy Archive. May 12, 1939.
  462. ↑ "Summary of the execution of Harvey Mcgraw". Espy Archive. September 4, 1939.
  463. ↑ "Negro Slayer Dies In Electric Chair". St. Petersburg Times. June 6, 1940. p. 16. Retrieved December 23, 2023.
  464. ↑ "Summary of the execution of Herbert Goddard". Espy Archive. July 29, 1940.
  465. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of Ivory Williams". Espy Archive. November 11, 1940.
  466. ↑ "Hysler, Baker Sit in Death Row as Negro Is Executed 'Just Down The Corridor'". St. Petersburg Times. April 16, 1941. p. 19. Retrieved December 23, 2023.
  467. ↑ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved January 27, 2024.
  468. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of Frizell Mclaren". Espy Archive. October 6, 1941.
  469. ↑ "Summary of the execution of Charlie Henderson". Espy Archive. October 6, 1941.
  470. ↑ "Summary of the execution of Wilburn Crews". Espy Archive. October 6, 1941.
  471. ↑ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved January 27, 2024.
  472. ↑ "Summary of the execution of Dan Ormond". Espy Archive. October 6, 1941.
  473. 1 2 "Documentation for the execution of Paul Mardorf". Espy Archive. October 27, 1941.
  474. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of Paul Mardorf". Espy Archive. October 27, 1941.
  475. ↑ "Summary of the execution of Willie Clay, Edward Powell, Nathaniel Walker". Espy Archive. December 29, 1941.
  476. ↑ "Summary of the execution of George Newsome". Espy Archive. March 2, 1942.
  477. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of Walter Roberson". Espy Archive. March 23, 1942.
  478. ↑ "Summary of the execution of Jicy Crawford". Espy Archive. March 23, 1942.
  479. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of Jicy Crawford". Espy Archive. March 23, 1942.
  480. ↑ "Summary of the execution of Angie Ciangetti". Espy Archive. March 23, 1942.
  481. ↑ "Summary of the execution of Worth Roberson". Espy Archive. March 23, 1942.
  482. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of John Stanton". Espy Archive. May 18, 1942.
  483. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of Clyde Hysler". Espy Archive. June 15, 1942.
  484. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of Byrd Hudgins". Espy Archive. July 20, 1942.
  485. ↑ "Slayer of State Patrolman Put To Death at Raiford". The Evening Independent. July 20, 1942. p. 2. Retrieved December 23, 2023.
  486. ↑ "Summary of the execution of Ernest Robinson". Espy Archive. August 17, 1942.
  487. ↑ "Negro Scheduled To Die in Chair". The Evening Independent. January 14, 1943. p. 2. Retrieved December 25, 2023.
  488. ↑ "Slayer Of 4 Roams Miami". The Pittsburgh Press. July 19, 1942. p. 11. Retrieved December 25, 2023.
  489. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of Cornelius Parker". Espy Archive. October 4, 1943.
  490. 1 2 "Documentation for the execution of James Young, George James". Espy Archive. October 25, 1943.
  491. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of George James". Espy Archive. October 29, 1943.
  492. ↑ "Summary of the execution of Perry Acree". Espy Archive. November 22, 1943.
  493. ↑ "Summary of the execution of Edgar Flowers". Espy Archive. June 26, 1944.
  494. ↑ "Summary of the execution of Earl Thompson, Edward Thompson". Espy Archive. August 19, 1944.
  495. ↑ "Summary of the execution of James Davis, Freddie Lane, James Williams". Espy Archive. October 9, 1944.
  496. ↑ "Florida News Briefs". St. Petersburg Times. December 29, 1944. p. 7. Retrieved December 25, 2023.
  497. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of Henry Sparks". Espy Archive. January 15, 1945.
  498. ↑ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved January 27, 2024.
  499. ↑ "Summary of the execution of Albert Green". Espy Archive. February 12, 1945.
  500. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of William Anderson". Espy Archive. July 25, 1945.
  501. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of Pleas Dixon". Espy Archive. October 29, 1945.
  502. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of Ernest Warren". Espy Archive. October 29, 1945.
  503. 1 2 3 "Documentation for the execution of George Sullivan". Espy Archive. January 14, 1946.
  504. ↑ "Slayer Executed". Sarasota Herald-Tribune. April 22, 1946. p. 1. Retrieved December 26, 2023.
  505. ↑ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved January 27, 2024.
  506. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of Jacob Webb". Espy Archive. September 30, 1946.
  507. ↑ "Summary of the execution of Wilbur Patterson". Espy Archive. March 17, 1947.
  508. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of lewis green". Espy Archive. April 21, 1947.
  509. ↑ "Convicted Slayer's Electrocution Set". Sarasota Herald-Tribune. June 8, 1947. p. 7. Retrieved December 26, 2023.
  510. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of Tom Melton". Espy Archive. August 4, 1947.
  511. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of Joe Ferguson, James Maxwell". Espy Archive. August 4, 1947.
  512. ↑ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved January 27, 2024.
  513. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of Reuben Harper". Espy Archive. January 5, 1948.
  514. ↑ "Negro Seized In Rape Case". Sarasota Herald-Tribune. November 10, 1946. p. 3. Retrieved January 30, 2024.
  515. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of Alexander Wiles". Espy Archive. June 14, 1948.
  516. ↑ "Summary of the execution of Alonzo Washington Jr". Espy Archive. August 23, 1948.
  517. 1 2 "Documentation for the execution of Ernest Harper". Espy Archive. September 6, 1948.
  518. ↑ "Two Negroes Die In Chair". Sarasota Herald-Tribune. September 7, 1948. p. 3. Retrieved January 30, 2024.
  519. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of David Watson". Espy Archive. September 15, 1948.
  520. ↑ "Summary of the execution of Lonnie Talley". Espy Archive. October 5, 1948.
  521. ↑ "Summary of the execution of Lacy Stewart". Espy Archive. October 25, 1948.
  522. ↑ "Summary of the execution of Felix Combs". Espy Archive. January 24, 1949.
  523. ↑ "Summary of the execution of Aaron Quince". Espy Archive. February 7, 1949.
  524. ↑ "Summary of the execution of Arthur Berry". Espy Archive. April 4, 1949.
  525. ↑ "Summary of the execution of Flem Griffis". Espy Archive. August 8, 1949.
  526. ↑ "Summary of the execution of Henry Tillman". Espy Archive. June 5, 1950.
  527. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of Walter Mcdonald, L. D. Robinson, George Wolfork Jr". Espy Archive. January 8, 1951.
  528. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of R. Charles Gifford". Espy Archive. February 21, 1951.
  529. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of Jessie Hilton". Espy Archive. June 4, 1951.
  530. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of John Washington Jr". Espy Archive. June 4, 1951.
  531. ↑ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved January 27, 2024.
  532. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of James Felton". Espy Archive. August 6, 1951.
  533. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of Coy Mccann". Espy Archive. April 7, 1952.
  534. ↑ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved January 27, 2024.
  535. ↑ "Summary of the execution of Merlin Leiby". Espy Archive. June 30, 1952.
  536. ↑ "Summary of the execution of George Story". Espy Archive. September 8, 1952.
  537. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of Jimmie Brown". Espy Archive. July 6, 1953.
  538. ↑ "Negro Slayer Executed". St. Petersburg Times. September 8, 1953. p. 13. Retrieved December 27, 2023.
  539. 1 2 "Documentation for the execution of Tanner Brock". Espy Archive. September 28, 1954.
  540. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of George Bailey, James Henderson". Espy Archive. October 4, 1954.
  541. ↑ "Summary of the execution of Avon North". Espy Archive. October 4, 1954.
  542. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of Abraham Beard". Espy Archive. November 8, 1954.
  543. ↑ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved January 27, 2024.
  544. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of Leroy Williams". Espy Archive. November 8, 1954.
  545. ↑ "Summary of the execution of John Mcveigh". Espy Archive. April 18, 1955.
  546. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of Louis Gillard". Espy Archive. August 29, 1955.
  547. ↑ Delaney, Bob (March 18, 1955). "Irvin Decision Delayed; Collins Slates Probe". St. Petersburg Times. p. 1. Retrieved December 28, 2023.
  548. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of Chester Dyer". Espy Archive. October 31, 1955.
  549. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of Chester Dyer". Espy Archive. October 31, 1955.
  550. ↑ "Summary of the execution of Samuel Hornbeck". Espy Archive. December 12, 1955.
  551. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of Herman Barwicks". Espy Archive. February 20, 1956.
  552. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of George Anderson, Percy Armbrister". Espy Archive. February 20, 1956.
  553. ↑ "Summary of the execution of Charlie Copeland Jr". Espy Archive. April 28, 1956.
  554. ↑ "Edgar Lavoie Is Executed". Daytona Beach Morning Journal. August 21, 1956. p. 3. Retrieved September 21, 2025.
  555. ↑ "Negro Rapists Die In Raiford Electric Chair". Ocala Star-Banner. October 1, 1956. p. 3. Retrieved December 28, 2023.
  556. ↑ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved January 27, 2024.
  557. ↑ State, Florida Office of Secretary of (1955). Report of the Secretary of State of the State of Florida. The Office.
  558. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of Joseph Ezzell". Espy Archive. January 21, 1957.
  559. ↑ "Pardon Board Studies Plea of Ring Leader". Sarasota Journal. June 13, 1957. p. 22. Retrieved December 29, 2023.
  560. ↑ Meiklejohn, Don (February 19, 1957). "Court Upholds Murder Verdict In Ocala Trial". Ocala Star-Banner. p. 15. Retrieved December 29, 2023.
  561. ↑ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved January 27, 2024.
  562. ↑ "Riviera Beach Man Dies In Electric Chair". Ocala Star-Banner. May 26, 1958. p. 12. Retrieved December 29, 2023.
  563. ↑ "Summary of the execution of George Everett". Espy Archive. June 13, 1958.
  564. ↑ "Summary of the execution of Harry Long". Espy Archive. September 29, 1958.
  565. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of Willie Horne". Espy Archive. January 12, 1959.
  566. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of Jimmie Thomas". Espy Archive. January 19, 1959.
  567. ↑ "Summary of the execution of Dallas Withers". Espy Archive. February 2, 1959.
  568. ↑ "Summary of the execution of Frank Peterson". Espy Archive. June 1, 1959.
  569. ↑ "Summary of the execution of John Frazier". Espy Archive. June 1, 1959.
  570. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of Harley Conner". Espy Archive. June 1, 1959.
  571. 1 2 "Documentation for the execution of sam odom, E. C. Daniels". Espy Archive. August 28, 1959.
  572. ↑ "Espy Project Execution Records". archives.albany.edu. Retrieved January 27, 2024.
  573. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of Willie City, John Paul". Espy Archive. November 13, 1959.
  574. ↑ "Summary of the execution of John Paul". Espy Archive. November 13, 1959.
  575. ↑ "Summary of the execution of Ralph Williams". Espy Archive. February 1, 1960.
  576. ↑ "Negro Dies Calmly In Electric Chair For Palm Beach Slaying". Ocala Star-Banner. June 20, 1960. p. 3. Retrieved December 29, 2023.
  577. 1 2 Sunshine State Almanac and Book of Florida-related Stuff by Phil Philcox and Beverly Boe, 1999, p. 221
  578. ↑ "Summary of the execution of Robert Davis". Espy Archive. August 7, 1961.
  579. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of Norman Mackiewicz". Espy Archive. August 7, 1961.
  580. ↑ "Summary of the execution of Johnnie Hill". Espy Archive. May 12, 1962.
  581. ↑ "Accused of killing wife, mother". Baltimore Afro-American. July 12, 1960. p. 32. Retrieved December 29, 2023.
  582. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of Samuel Johnson". Espy Archive. May 24, 1878.
  583. ↑ "Summary of the execution of Joe Smith, William Leach". Espy Archive. September 24, 1962.
  584. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of Charles Lee". Espy Archive. July 18, 1963.
  585. ↑ "Cross City Man Held In Slaying". The Tampa Tribune. September 13, 1960. p. 38. Retrieved December 20, 2025.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  586. ↑ "Documentation for the execution of Emmett Blake". Espy Archive. May 12, 1964.
  587. ↑ "Electric Chair Grants Wish Of Prisoner". Tampa Bay Times. May 13, 1964. p. 14. Retrieved December 20, 2025.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  588. ↑ "Summary of the execution of Sie Dawson". Espy Archive. May 12, 1964.
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