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List of foreign-style castles in Japan

This is a list of foreign-style castles in Japan. In Japan, the word '城(shiro) has broader meanings than western world, so this list includes the buildings near to fortresses.

Korean style castles

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Castle[1] Image Location First Built Type Status
Mizuki Castle Dazaifu, Fukuoka Prefecture 663 Korean style defensive wall? Ruins
Nagato Castle Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi Prefecture? 665 Korean-style fortress unknown location
Ōno Castle Ōnojō, Fukuoka Prefecture 665 Korean-style fortress Ruins
Kii Castle Kiyama, Saga Prefecture 665 Korean-style fortress Ruins
Takayasu Castle Heguri, Nara Prefecture 667 Korean-style fortress Ruins
Yashima Castle Takamatsu, Kagawa Prefecture 667 Korean-style fortress Ruins, restored stonewall
Kaneda Castle Tsushima, Nagasaki Prefecture 667 Korean-style fortress Ruins
Kikuchi Castle Yamaga, Kumamoto Prefecture 698 Korean-style fortress Partially reconstructed
Mino Castle unknown 699 Korean-style fortress unknown location
Inazumi castle unknown 699 Korean-style fortress unknown location
Mio Castle Takashima, Shiga Prefecture? 672 Korean-style fortress? unknown location
Ibara Castle Fukuyama, Hiroshima Prefecture? 719 Korean-style fortress unknown location
Tsune Castle Fuchū, Hiroshima Prefecture? 719 Korean-style fortress unknown location
Kiyama Castle Tatsuno, Hyogo, Hyogo Prefecture unknown Kōgoishi Ruins
Ōmeguri Komeguri-san Castle Okayama, Okayama Prefecture unknown Kōgoishi Ruins
Ki Castle Sōja, Okayama Prefecture unknown Kōgoishi Partially reconstructed
Iwaki-san Castle Hikari, Yamaguchi prefecture unknown Kōgoishi Ruins
Kiyama Castle Sakaide, Kagawa prefecture unknown Kōgoishi Ruins
Einōsan Castle Saijō, Ehime Prefecture unknown Kōgoishi Ruins
Kakenouma Castle Iizuka, Fukuoka Prefecture unknown Kōgoishi Ruins
Raizan Castle Itoshima, Fukuoka, Fukuoka Prefecture unknown Kōgoishi Ruins
Hagi Castle Asakura, Fukuoka Prefecture unknown Kōgoishi Ruins
Ashiki-san Castle Chikushino, Fukuoka Prefecture unknown Kōgoishi Ruins
Kōra-san Castle Kurume, Fukuoka Prefecture unknown Kōgoishi Ruins
Zoyama Castle Miyama, Fukuoka Prefecture unknown Kōgoishi Ruins
Goshogatani castle Miyako, Fukuoka Prefecture unknown Kōgoishi Ruins
Tōbaru-san Castle Kōge, Fukuoka prefecture unknown Kōgoishi Ruins
Obukuma-yama Castle Saga, Saga prefecture unknown Kōgoishi Ruins
Otsubo-yama Castle Takeo, Saga, Saga Prefecture unknown Kōgoishi Ruins

Chinese style castle

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Castle Image Location First Built Type Status
Ito Castle Itoshima, Fukuoka Prefecture 756–768[2][3] Chinese style fortress[4] Ruins

Portuguese style castle

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Castle Location First Built Type Status
Fortified City of Nagasaki Nagasaki, Nagasaki Prefecture 1580? Citadel Possible ruins remains[5]

Western style bastion fort

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Castle Image Location First Built Type Status
Goryōkaku Hakodate, Hokkaido 1866 19th century western military style star fort Reconstructed
Tatsuoka Castle Saku, Nagano Prefecture 1864–1867 19th century western military style star fort One Building remains
Hekirichi Bastion Fort of Matsumae Clan Hokuto, Hokkaido 1855 A defensive structure combining tactical theory adapted to the peak of artillery warfare with the star-shaped bastion style, developed 150 years after Vauban’s geometric refinements. The foundational theory is a Dutch translation of teachings from a professor at the Saint-Cyr Military Academy.[6][7][8] The outer fortifications and battery structures (earthworks)remain well
Shiryōkaku Hakodate, Hokkaido 1869 19th century western military style bastion fort[9] Ruins
Togeshita daiba Nanae, Hokkaido ? Seven horned Star-shaped redoubt, however, none of its extremities feature bastions. Ruins

Japanese castles with French-style buildings

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Castle Image Location First Built Western style buildings installed Remaining French-style building
Shibata Castle Shibata, Niigata Prefecture Kamakura period Meiji period barracks[10]
Nagoya Castle Nagoya, Aichi Prefecture Sengoku period Meiji period barracks (relocated to Meiji-mura)[11]
Matsuyama Castle Matsuyama, Ehime Prefecture 1603 1922 villa[12]

Japanese castles with English-style buildings

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Castle Image Location First Built Western style buildings installed Remaining English style buildings
Osaka Castle Osaka, Osaka Prefecture 1583 Meiji period Headquarters of the 4th Division of the Imperial Japanese Army
(now Miraiza Osaka-jo)[13]

Notes

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  1. ↑ 向井一雄 & 2017年, p. 211.
  2. ↑ 有馬学; 川添昭二 (October 2004). "怡土城跡". 日本歴史地名大系 41 福岡県の地名 (in Japanese). 平凡社. ISBN 978-4582490411.
  3. ↑ 国指定史跡怡土城跡 2006, pp. 6–12.
  4. ↑ 怡土城跡（糸島市ホームページ）。
  5. ↑ 起源は16世紀後半の城塞？　長崎学研究所・赤瀬所長　県庁跡地一帯の石垣研究 長崎新聞、2019-02-17
  6. ↑ Savart, Nicolas-Pierre-Antoine (1825). Cours élémentaire de fortification à l'usage des élèves de l'École spéciale militaire (in French). Anselin et Pochard.
  7. ↑ Savart, Nicolas (1827). Beginselen der versterkingskunst (in Dutch). Gebroeders Van Cleef.
  8. ↑ Taichiro, Tokita (31 Jan 2024). "Research of the constracton of 19th century's Western military defence system at Matsumae-han-Heirichi-Jinya Bastion Fort as "First bastion fort in Japan", For understanding "bastion forts" in Japan". Research bulletin of Hokuto City Hometown Museum (1): 1–59 – via Hokuto City Hometown Museum.
  9. ↑ 五稜郭だけじゃない！四稜郭もあれば三稜郭や七稜郭もあった?! Good day 北海道,2019年10月14日アクセス
  10. ↑ 白壁兵舎　広報史料館 自衛隊新潟地方協力本部、2019年10月15日アクセス
  11. ↑ 歩兵第六聯隊兵舎 博物館明治村、2019年10月14日アクセス)
  12. ↑ Visit Ehime Japan、2021年10月6日アクセス)
  13. ↑ 橋爪紳也、『大大阪モダン建築』、青幻舎、2007

References

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  • 向井一雄 (2017). よみがえる古代山城 国際戦争と防衛ライン（歴史文化ライブラリー440）. 吉川弘文館. ISBN 978-4642058407.
  • 国指定史跡怡土城跡（前原市文化財調査報告書 第94集）. 前原市教育委員会. 2006. - リンクは九州国立博物館「西都 太宰府」資料観覧ライブラリー。

See also

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