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The leaders of the Russian Civil War listed below include the important political and military figures of the Russian Civil War.[1] The conflict, fought largely from 7 November 1917 to 25 October 1922 (though with some conflicts in the Far East lasting until late 1923 and in Central Asia until 1934), was fought between numerous factions, the two largest being the Bolsheviks (The "Reds") and the White Movement (The "Whites"). While the Bolsheviks were centralized under the administration of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic and the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks), led by Vladimir Lenin, along with their various satellite and buffer states, the White Movement was more decentralized, functioning as a loose confederation of anti-Bolshevik forces united only in opposition to their common enemy — though from September 1918 to April 1920, the White Armies were nominally united under the administration of the Russian State, when, for nearly two years, Admiral Alexander Kolchak served as the overall head of the White Movement and as the internationally recognized Head of State of Russia. In addition to the two primary factions, the war also involved a number of third parties, including the anarchists of the Revolutionary Insurgent Army of Ukraine, and the non-ideological Green Armies.
Unlike the Bolsheviks and the White Movement, the various third-party factions which took part in the conflict did not form a united front and often fought against each other as much as they fought against the larger belligerents, occasionally forming alliances when convenient, and breaking them almost as often. For instance, the Black Army fought alongside the Bolsheviks against the forces of Anton Denikin in South Russia, while the members of the Socialist-Revolutionary Party frequently cooperated with the White Army. A number of foreign nations also intervened against the Bolsheviks for various reasons, including the principal Allied Powers of World War I (in the Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War), and their German (in Ober Ost) and Austro-Hungarian opponents. In addition, a number of independence movements took the opportunity to break free from Russian control in the aftermath of the collapse of the Russian Empire, primarily fighting against the Bolsheviks, as well as against the White armies on occasion.
Bolsheviks
editRussian SFSR
editCentral Executive Committee of the All-Russian Congress of Soviets
Lev Kamenev Yakov Sverdlov # Mikhail Vladimirsky Mikhail Kalinin
Council of People's Commissars Vladimir Lenin
All-Russian Extraordinary Commission Felix Dzerzhinsky Yakov Peters
Red Army Leon Trotsky
(People's Commissar for Military and Naval Affairs)
High Command: Vladimir Antonov-Ovseyenko Nikolai Podvoisky Pavel Dybenko Nikolai Krylenko Jukums Vācietis Sergey Kamenev Alexander Svechin Mikhail Bonch-Bruyevich Nikolay Rattel
Navy: Vasili Altfater # Yevgeny Berens Aleksandr Nemits Eduard Pantserzhanskiy Fyodor Raskolnikov Alexey Schastny 
Air Service: Konstantin Akashev
1st Cavalry Army: Semyon Budyonny Alexander Yegorov Kliment Voroshilov Iosif Apanasenko Grigory Kulik Alexander Parkhomenko † Boris Dumenko Konstantin Trunov † Aleksa Dundić † Semyon Timoshenko Ivan Tyulenev Efim Shchadenko
2nd Cavalry Army: Oka Gorodovikov Filipp Mironov Aleksandr Borczaninow
Western Army: Andrei Snesarev Alexander Novikov Vasily Glagolev Nikolai Sollogub Alexander Kuk Yevgeny Shilovskiy
Latvian Riflemen: Pēteris Stučka Frīdrihs Kalniņš Jānis Lācis Reinholds Bērziņš Antons Martusēvičs Kirill Stutzka Gustavs Mangulis Eduard Berzin Jānis Judiņš †
Red Cossacks: Vitaly Primakov
Eastern Front: Mikhail Muravyov † Mikhail Tukhachevsky Alexander Samoylo Vladimir Olderogge Rudolf Sivers † Sergey Lazo Yakov Tryapitsyn Pavel Lebedev Hayk Bzhishkyan Vasily Chapayev † Ivan Kutyakov Yakov Korotayev Sergei Mezheninov Yan Gamarnik Ivar Smilga Ivan Smirnov Sergey Gusev Filipp Goloshchekin Mikhail Alafuso Ivan Strod Pavel Khokhryakov † Mullanur Waxitov
Southern Front: Joseph Stalin Mikhail Levandovsky Vladimir Yegoryev Vladimir Gittis Vladimir Azin Pavel Sytin Pēteris Slavens # Vladimir Selivachyov # Semyon Pugachov Fyodor Podtelkov Iona Yakir Ivan Fedko Dmitry Zhloba Nikolay Kuibyshev Mikhail Lashevich Béla Kun
Caucasus Front: Sergo Ordzhonikidze Stepan Shaumian Grigory Korganov Ivan Sorokin Alexei Avtonomov # Anatoliy Gekker Valentin Trifonov Mikhail Velikanov Filipp Makharadze Sergei Kirov Nariman Narimanov
Northern Front: Dmitry Nadyozhny August Kork Dmitri Parsky # Semyon Nakhimson † Robert Brichenok Yuri Guzarsky
Ukrainian Front: Nikolay Shchors † Ivan Dubovoy Stanislav Kosior Grigory Kotovsky Nikolai Krivoruchko Anton Słucki Boris Shaposhnikov
Central Asian Front: Mikhail Frunze Grigori Sokolnikov Vasily Shorin Pyotr Kobozev Ivan Belov Alibi Dzhangildin Amankeldı İmanov Fyodor Kolesov Shalva Eliava Fayzulla Khodzhayev
Far Eastern Republic
Ukrainian SSR
Byelorussian SSR
Finnish Socialist Workers' Republic
Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party
Persian Socialist Soviet Republic
White Movement
editRussian Republic
Russian State
Alexander Kolchak
(Supreme Ruler of Russia)
Pyotr Vologodsky Viktor Pepelyayev Mikhail Smirnov Vasily Boldyrev
Northwestern Army: Nikolai Yudenich
(Commander-in-Chief) Anton Dzerozhinsky Alexander Rodzyanko Peter von Glasenapp Alexei Vandam Fyodor Keller Anatol von Lieven Pavel Bermondt-Avalov Aleksandr Dolgorukov
Northern Army: Yevgeny Miller
(Commander-in-Chief) Vladimir Marushevsky Mikhail Kvetsinsky Nikolai Tchaikovsky
Arctic Ocean Flotilla:
Leonid Ivanov Boris Vilkitsky
Armed Forces of South Russia: Anton Denikin
(Commander-in-Chief) Vladimir May-Mayevsky # Nikołaj Timanowski # Ivan Romanovsky † Alexander Lukomsky Dmitry Shcherbachev Mikhail Drozdovsky † Nikolai Tretyakov † Ignatiy Vasilchenko † Viktor Betling # Mikhail Rodzianko Nikołaj Bredow Abram Dragomirov Vladimir Dragomirov Vasily Flug Konstantin Prisovskiy Alexander Golubintzev Yakov Yuzefovich Pavel Chatilov Viktor Pokrovsky
Black Sea Flotilla: Vasily Kanin Mikhail Sablin # Dmitry Nenyukov Andrei Pokrovsky Nikolay Maksimov
Turkestan Army: Ippolit Savitsky Boris Kazanovich Konstantin Osipov † Konstantin Monstrov
Army of Wrangel: Pyotr Wrangel
(Commander-in-Chief) Alexander Krivoshein Vladimir Vitkovsky Alexander Kutepov Petr Makhrov Ivan Barbovich Alexander Borovsky Mikhail Fostikov Nikolai Shilling
Wrangel's Fleet: Mikhail Kedrov
People's Army of Komuch: Vladimir Kappel # Andrei Bakich Konstantin Nechaev Sergey Lyupov
Siberian Army: Aleksey Grishin-Almazov † Pavel Ivanov-Rinov Alexey Matkovsky Vladimir Gulidov Boris Annenkov Konstantin Sakharov Mikhail Pleshkov
Ural Army: Matvey Martynov † Vladimir Akutin Nikolay Saveliev Vladimir Tolstov
Orenburg Independent Army: Alexander Dutov † Ivan Akulinin
Amur Front: Ivan Kalmykov †
Women's Battalion: Maria Bochkareva
Siberian Flotilla: Sergey Timirev Mikhail Berens Georgy Stark
Volunteer Army
Kornilov Regiment
Lavr Kornilov †
(Commander-in-Chief) Mikhail Alekseyev # Sergey Markov † Dmitri Miontxinski † Mitrofan Nejentsev † Vasily Simanovsky †
Don Army District
Don Republic
Kuban People's Republic
Far Eastern Army
Grigory Semyonov
(Commander-in-Chief) Sergey Rozanov Boris Khreschatitsky Nikolai Lokhvitsky Grigory Verzhbitsky Konstantin Akintievsky Dmitry Semyonov Anatoly Pepelyayev Lev Vlasyevskiy Mikhail Pleshkov Georgy Matsievsky Mikhail Korobeinikov
Asiatic Cavalry Division: Roman von Ungern-Sternberg Boris Rezukhin †
Provisional Priamurye Government
Mikhail Diterikhs - (Commander-in-Chief) Nikolai Merkulov - Foreign Minister Spiridon Merkulov - Chairman Viktorin Molchanov - Army General Innokenty Smolin Faddey Glebov Pyotr Blokhin
Czechoslovak Legion
Alash Autonomy
Turkestan Autonomy
Third party factions
editInsurgent Army
Green Army
Socialist-Revolutionary Party
Left Socialist-Revolutionary Party
Kronstadt Uprising
Independence movements
editPolish Republic
Finland
Latvia
Estonia
Lithuania
Belarusian People's Republic
Crimean People's Republic
Democratic Republic of Georgia
Democratic Republic of Armenia
Democratic Republic of Azerbaijan
Qajar Iran
Ukrainian People's Republic
Central Rada of Ukraine:
Mykhailo Hrushevsky
Directorate of Ukraine: Volodymyr Vynnychenko Symon Petliura
Ukrainian Army: Mykola Porsh Ivan Nemolovsky Oleksandr Zhukovsky Petro Bolbochan Zurab Natiev Oleksander Hrekov Vsevolod Petriv Yevhen Konovalets Mykola Yunakiv Volodymyr Salsky Oleksandr Udovychenko Mykola Kapustiansky Sergei Delwig Iwan Omelianowicz-Pawlenko Yuriy Tyutyunnyk Vasyl Tyutyunnyk #
Galician Army: Myron Tarnavsky Mykhailo Omelianovych-Pavlenko Osip Mikitka Dmytro Vitovsky † Antin Kraws Archduke Wilhelm
Ukrainian Navy:
Sviatoslav Shramchenko Wołodymyr Sawczenko-Bilski Mikhail Belinsky †
Far Eastern Ukrainian Army:
Yuri Hlushko-Mova
Ukrainian State
Emirate of Bukhara
Khanate of Khiva
Basmachi Movement
Mongolia
Allied Expeditionary Forces
editUnited States
British Empire
France
Empire of Japan
Greece
Romania
Central Powers intervention
editGerman Empire
Austria-Hungary
Ottoman Empire
References
edit- ↑ Pipes, Richard. A Concise History of the Russian Revolution. United Kingdom, Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group, 2011.