Kefalovryso (Greek: Κεφαλόβρυσο, before 1927: Μετζητιές, Metzities;[2][3] Aromanian: Megidei)[4] is a mountain village and a community of the Pogoni municipality. Before the 2011 local government reform it was a part of the municipality of Ano Pogoni, of which it was a municipal district and the seat.[5] The community of Kefalovryso covers an area of 15.831 km2.[6]
Kefalovryso
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  Kefalovryso | |
| Coordinates: 40°0.9′N 20°33.6′E / 40.0150°N 20.5600°E | |
| Country | Greece |
| Administrative region | Epirus |
| Regional unit | Ioannina |
| Municipality | Pogoni |
| Municipal unit | Ano Pogoni |
| Area | |
• Community | 15.831 km2 (6.112 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 650 m (2,130 ft) |
| Population (2021)[1] | |
• Community | 564 |
| • Density | 35.6/km2 (92.3/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+2 (EET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+3 (EEST) |
| Postal code | 440 06 |
| Area code | +30-2657 |
| Vehicle registration | IN |
Name
editThe toponym is from the male personal name Metzidies.[7] It stems from the Aromanian meğidié 'one who belongs to the administration of Sultan Abdülmecid' and derives from the Turkish mecidî, in reference to 'that which has been created or established by or during the time of Sultan Abdülmecid'.[8] In Turkish, the village is known as Mecidiye.[9] Another derivation of the toponym links it to terrain or soil from the Aromanian meğidie, meaning 'purple-coloured one'.[8] The new name Kefalovryso means 'headwater' in Greek.[10]
Geography
editHistory
editThe Aromanians of the area resided at an older settlement named Bitsikopoulo (in modern times the site is called Paliochori, 'old village') at Mt. Nemërçka.[11] The aftermath of the Greek War of Independence caused regional instability, where Bitsikopoulo was destroyed by brigands in 1840 and abandoned by its population.[12] The Aromanians were settled at a village named Metzities in 1853 by Ottoman Sultan Abdülmecid I.[11] In the late 19th century scholar Ioannis Lambridis described the village as newly founded and its population as "mixed" Aromanians with 143 families.[13]
Kefalovryso passed from the Ottoman Empire to Greece in 1913, during the Balkan Wars. In the 10th of July a massacre happened in the village. 22 men were put in two houses, with most of them being soldiers in World War Two. Only one of them survived and the rest were burnt alive.[citation needed]
During the interwar period, nomadic Aromanians used Kefalovryso as a brief stopover for their transhumant activities and the settled Aromanians of the village worked in the forestry sector or as shepherds tending to animals.[14] In the 1970s and 1980s, some Aromanians from Kefalovryso migrated to Germany as guest workers and later returned to construct homes and create businesses with mixed results.[15]
The entire Aromanian population in the region of Lunxhëria are composed of some Aromanians from Kefalovryso who had a presence in Albania and were left inside the country after the communist era closure of the border.[16] In 1991, the border reopened and Lunxhëri Aromanians reconnected with relatives in Kefalovryso, often utilising the village as an initial destination before travelling to other locations in Greece for work.[16][17]
Demographics
edit| Year | Pop. | ±% |
|---|---|---|
| 1981 | 1,062 | — |
| 1991 | 1,122 | +5.6% |
| 2001[6] | 861 | −23.3% |
| 2011[18] | 838 | −2.7% |
| 2021[1] | 564 | −32.7% |
Kefalovryso has a mostly Aromanian population and is an Aromanian speaking village.[19][20] Due to their origins from Albania, the Aromanian spoken in the village differs from the Aromanian spoken in the eastern Aromanian speaking area of Greek Epirus.[13] Aromanian multipart singing (polyphony) is practised in the village.[21]
Infrastructure
editIn Kefalovryso, there is a primary school, a lyceum, a minor soccer team, a gymnasium, a church, a small post-office and a square in the centre with the town hall of Ano Pogoni. The factory that produces most of the Greek euro coins is located in Kefalovryso.[22][23]
See also
editReferences
edit- 1 2 "Αποτελέσματα Απογραφής Πληθυσμού - Κατοικιών 2021, Μόνιμος Πληθυσμός κατά οικισμό" [Results of the 2021 Population - Housing Census, Permanent population by settlement] (in Greek). Hellenic Statistical Authority. 29 March 2024.
- ↑ Institute for Neohellenic Research. "Name Changes of Settlements in Greece: Metzities – Kefalovryson". Pandektis. Archived from the original on 29 December 2024. Retrieved 10 January 2026.
- ↑ Hellenic Agency for Local Development and Local Government. "Διοικητικές Μεταβολές των Οικισμών: Μετζητιέ – Κεφαλόβρυσον" [Administrative Changes of Settlements: Metzitie – Kefalovryson]. EETAA (in Greek). Retrieved 10 January 2026.
- ↑ Kahl, Thede; Pascaru, Andreea (2018). "Rrāmānj und Armānj. Wie einheitlich sind Kultur, Sprache und Identität der Aromunen?" [Rrāmānj and Armānj. How uniform are the culture, language, and identity of the Aromanians?] (PDF). Quo vadis, Romania (in German) (50): 53. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 October 2024.
- ↑ "ΦΕΚ B 1292/2010, Kallikratis reform municipalities" (in Greek). Government Gazette.
- 1 2 "Population & housing census 2001 (incl. area and average elevation)" (PDF) (in Greek). National Statistical Service of Greece. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2015-09-21.
- ↑ Oikonomou 2002, pp. 193–194.
- 1 2 Oikonomou 2002, p. 194.
- ↑ Güvenç, Sefer (2010). Atlas of Old and New Toponyms of Northern Greece: Before and after the Population Exchange. Lozan Mübadilleri Vakfı. pp. 91, 145. ISBN 9786058870635.
Mecidiye, Kefalovriso
- ↑ Green 2005, p. 193.
- 1 2 Alexakis, Eleftherios P. (2001). Ταυτότητες και ετερότητες: σύμβολα, συγγένεια, κοινότητα στην Ελλάδα–Βαλκάνια [Identities and Alterities: Symbols, Kinship, Community in Greece and the Balkans] (in Greek). Dodoni. p. 185. ISBN 9789603850946.
Το χωριό ονομαζόταν αρχικά Μετζιτιές από το Σουλτάνο Αβδούλ Μετζίτ, που τους εγκατέστησε εκεί το 1853. Παλαιότερος οικισμός των Αρβανιτόβλαχων ήταν το Μπιτσικόπουλο (σήμερα Παλιοχώρι ) στην ορεινή περιοχή της Νεμέρτσικας.
- ↑ Koukoudis, Asterios (2003). The Vlachs: Metropolis and Diaspora. Zitros Publications. p. 288, 295. ISBN 9789607760869.
- 1 2 Oikonomou 2002, p. 193.
- ↑ Green & King 2001, p. 270.
- ↑ Green, Sarah; King, Geoffrey (2001). "Seeing what you know: Changing constructions and perceptions of landscape in Epirus, Northwestern Greece, 1945 and 1990". History and Anthropology. 12 (3): 283.
- 1 2 de Rapper, Gilles (2003). "La Lunxhëri: émigration et frontière ethnique en Albanie du Sud" [Lunxhëri: Emigration and the ethnic border in Southern Albania]. Γεωγραφίες [Geographies] (in French). 5: 9. Archived from the original on 7 October 2024.
- ↑ Sintès, Pierre (2019). Chasing the Past: Geopolitics of Memory on the Margins of Modern Greece. Liverpool University Press. p. 60. ISBN 9781786948496.
- ↑ "Απογραφή Πληθυσμού - Κατοικιών 2011. ΜΟΝΙΜΟΣ Πληθυσμός" (in Greek). Hellenic Statistical Authority.
- ↑ Oikonomou, Kostas E. (2002). Τα οικωνύμια του νομού Ιωαννίνων. Γλωσσολογική εξέταση [The oikonyms of the prefecture of Ioannina. A linguistic examination] (PDF) (in Greek). Nomarchiaki Aftodioikisi Ioanninon. pp. 2, 193. ISBN 9789608316010. Archived (PDF) from the original on 25 November 2024.
- ↑ Green, Sarah F. (2005). Notes from the Balkans: Locating Marginality and Ambiguity on the Greek–Albanian Border. Princeton University Press. p. 70. ISBN 9781400884353.
- ↑ Kahl, Thede (2008). "Multipart Singing among the Aromanians (Vlachs)". In Ahmedaja, Ardian; Haid, Gerlinde (eds.). European Voices: Multipart singing in the Balkans and the Mediterranean. Böhlau Verlag. p. 268. ISBN 9783205780908.
- ↑ "Μεταλλουργική Βιομηχανία Ηπείρου home" (in Greek). Μεταλλουργική Βιομηχανία Ηπείρου Α.Ε. Archived from the original on 20 December 2014. Retrieved 4 May 2014.
- ↑ Κεφαλόβρυσο (in Greek). diakopes.gr. Archived from the original on 1 September 2014. Retrieved 4 May 2014.