Wikipedia

Kashan County

Kashan County (Persian: شهرستان کاشان) is in Isfahan province, Iran. Its capital is the city of Kashan.[3]

Kashan County
Persian: شهرستان کاشان
County
Soltan Amir Ahmad Bath
Soltan Amir Ahmad Bath
Location of Kashan County in Isfahan province (top center, purple)
Location of Kashan County in Isfahan province (top center, purple)
Location of Isfahan province in Iran
Location of Isfahan province in Iran
Coordinates: 33°58′N 51°20′E / 33.967°N 51.333°E / 33.967; 51.333[1]
Country Iran
ProvinceIsfahan
CapitalKashan
DistrictsCentral, Barzok, Neyasar, Qamsar
Population
 (2016)[2]
 • Total
364,482
Time zoneUTC+3:30 (IRST)
Kashan County at GEOnet Names Server

History

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The etymology of the city's name comes from Kasian, the original inhabitants of the city, whose remains are found at Tapeh Sialk dating back 9,000 years; later this changed to Kashian, hence the town name. Between the 12th and the 14th centuries, Kashan was an important centre for the production of high quality pottery and tiles. In modern Persian, the word for a tile (kashi) comes from the name of the town.[4]

Archeological discoveries in the Sialk Hillocks, which lie 4 km west of Kashan, reveal that this region was one of the primary centers of civilization in pre-historic ages. Kashan dates back to the Elamite period of Iran. The Sialk ziggurat still stands today in the suburbs of Kashan after 7,000 years.[5]

The artifacts uncovered at Sialk reside in the Louvre in Paris, the New York Metropolitan Museum of Art, and Iran's National Museum.[6]

By some accounts, although not all, Kashan was the origin of the three wise men who followed the star that guided them to Bethlehem to witness the nativity of Jesus, as recounted in the Bible.[7] Whatever the historical validity of this story, the attribution of Kashan as their original home testifies to the city's prestige at the time the story was set down.

According to a legend dating from the Safavid era, Abu Lu'lu'a, the Persian skilled craftsman who was enslaved by the Islamic conquerors and who eventually assassinated the caliph Umar ibn al-Khattab in 644, fled to Kashan after the assassination.[8] The shrine that was built over his supposed tomb is one of Kashan's notable landmarks.

Sultan Malik Shah I of the Seljuk dynasty ordered the building of a fortress in the middle of Kashan in the 11th century. The fortress walls, called Ghal'eh Jalali still stand today in central Kashan.[9]

Kashan was also a leisure vacation spot for Safavi Kings. Bagh-e Fin (Fin Garden), specifically, is one of the most famous gardens in Iran. This beautiful garden with its pool and orchards was designed for Shah Abbas I as a classical Persian vision of paradise. The original Safavid buildings have been substantially replaced and rebuilt by the Qajar dynasty, although the layout of trees and marble basins is close to the original. The garden itself, however, was first founded 7,000 years ago alongside the Cheshmeh-ye-Soleiman. The garden is also notorious as the site of the murder of Mirza Taghi Khan known as Amir Kabir, chancellor of Nasser-al-Din Shah, Iran's King in 1852.[10]

House of Borujerdis. 1870s.

The earthquake of 1778 levelled the city of Kashan and all the edifices of Shah Abbas Safavi, leaving 8,000 casualties. But the city started afresh and has today become a focal tourist attraction due to the numerous large houses from the 18th and 19th centuries, illustrating the finest examples of Qajari aesthetics.[11][12]

The city of Jowsheqan va Kamu was split into the two cities of Jowshaqan-e Qali and Kamu va Chugan in 2014.[13][14]

Demographics

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Population

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At the time of the 2006 National Census, the county's population was 297,000 in 81,816 households.[15] The following census in 2011 counted 323,371 people in 95,260 households.[16] The 2016 census measured the population of the county as 364,482 in 112,258 households.[2]

Administrative divisions

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Kashan County's population history and administrative structure over three consecutive censuses are shown in the following table.

Kashan County Population
Administrative Divisions2006[15]2011[16]2016[2]
Central District266,921293,996324,501
Khorramdasht RD7268561,442
Kuhpayeh RD5,0745,2846,317
Miyandasht RD7,3727,6626,898
Kashan (city)248,789275,325304,487
Meshkat (city)4,9604,8695,357
Barzok District10,26711,21514,910
Babaafzal RD[a]1,9041,8792,393
Golab RD5,1526,0717,929
Barzok (city)3,2113,2654,588
Neyasar District9,0008,93511,821
Kuh Dasht RD2,1742,3223,555
Neyasar RD4,8234,4425,947
Neyasar (city)2,0032,1712,319
Qamsar District10,8129,22513,247
Jowshaqan-e Qali RD142145329
Qohrud RD1,6279042,426
Jowshaqan-e Qali (city)4,181
Jowsheqan va Kamu (city)[b]5,4774,766
Kamu va Chugan (city)2,434
Qamsar (city)3,5663,4103,877
Total297,000323,371364,482
RD = Rural District

Geography

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To the north is Qom County; to the east is Aran and Bidgol County, the desert, and the salt lake; to the south is Isfahan County; and to the west are the Karkas Mountains.

The rivers flowing from the mountains to the desert are small and temporary. The most important is Shah Ab, originating in Qohrud Rural District. Irrigation is mainly dependent on subterranean channels, and the water is slightly salty. There are also several springs, the most notable of which is the Fin water source. [19]

Kashan County today

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Although there are many sites in Kashan of potential interest to tourists, the city remains largely undeveloped in this sector, with fewer than a thousand foreign tourists per year. Qamsar and Abyaneh are notable towns around Kashan, which attract tourists all year around. The nearby town of Niasar features a man-made cave and fireplace of historical interest.[20][21]

Kashan is famous for manufacturing carpets, silk and other textiles, after Aran va bidgol. Kashan today has an active marble and copper mining industry.[22]

Qaleh Jalali is not in the centre of Kashan, but is on the edge of the southern margin of the old wall of the city; the southern part of the wall and the qaleh (the citadel) join up and form just one piece. Areas outside the wall used to be simply irrigated farmlands, but today are sporadically residential.[23]

Tourism

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Kashan has many tourist locations.

Fin Garden to the west of Kashan, at the end of Amir Kabir Road (Fin road), is an old and beautiful garden from 300 years ago. The garden has a museum and a bath. In the museum are many ancient tools from 3,000 years ago. Amir Kabir, the chief minister to Naser al-Din Shah Qajar (Shah of Persia), was killed 200 years ago in the bath.[24]

The ancient Tepe Sialk (or Sialk hill) ziggurat is on Amir Kabir road and tourists can visit this ancient hill that was used 3,500 years ago.[25]

Ancient houses are located in the Soltan Mir Ahmad neighborhood in Alavi Street. In this neighborhood are many ancient houses from 300 years ago.

The Karkas mountains are behind the Fin Garden and the Tehran-Isfahan Highway.[26]

The most important Kashan souvenirs are cotton candy, pancakes, sesame, and rosewater.

Main sights

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Kashan's architectural sights include:

Transportation

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Kashan is connected via freeways to Isfahan and Natanz to the South, and Qom, which is an hour drive away to the north.

Education

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Notable people

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Sister cities

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See also

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Notes

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  1. ↑ Formerly Barzok Rural District[17]
  2. ↑ Merger of four villages;[18] split into two cities after the 2011 census[13][14]

References

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  1. ↑ OpenStreetMap contributors (29 November 2024). "Kuhpayeh RD, Kashan Central District, Kashan County, Isfahan Province, Iran" (Map). OpenStreetMap (in Persian). Retrieved 29 November 2024.
  2. 1 2 3 سرشماري عمومي نفوس و مسكن 1395 : استان اصفهان [General Population and Housing Census 2016: Isfahan Province]. مرکز آمار ایران [Statistical Centre of Iran] (in Persian). Archived from the original (Excel) on 19 October 2020. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
  3. ↑ Habibi, Hassan (12 September 1990) [تاریخ تصویب (Approval date) 1369.6.21 (Iranian Jalali calendar)]. ‌تصویب سازمان و سلسله تابعیت عناصر و واحدهای تقسیمات کشوری استان اصفهان به مرکزیت شهر اصفهان [‌‌Approval of the organization and hierarchy of subordination of the elements and units of the national divisions of Isfahan province with the center of Isfahan city]. لام تا کام [Lam ta Kam] (in Persian). ‌وزارت کشور [Ministry of the Interior]. کمیسیون سیاسی دفاعی هیأت دولت [Political Defense Commission of the Government Board]. شناسه [ID] 7CE85F3A-6CEE-4A59-9498-E435D7B5C890. شماره دوره [Course number] 69, شماره جلد [Volume number] 3. Archived from the original on 4 February 2024. Retrieved 3 May 2026.
  4. ↑ Introducing Kashan معرفی کاشان Retrieved 13 April 2025
  5. ↑ 7500-year-old city of Iranشهر ۷۵۰۰ ساله ایران Retrieved 13 April 2025
  6. ↑ Iranian glazed tiles and potteryکاشی ها و سفالینه های لعابی ایران Retrieved 13 April 2025
  7. ↑ Elgood, Cyril. A Medical History of Persia and the Eastern Caliphate: From the Earliest Times Until the Year A.D. 1932. Cambridge Library Collection - History of Medicine. Cambridge University Press, 2010. ISBN 1108015883 p. 34
  8. ↑ Johnson, Rosemary Stanfield (1994). "Sunni Survival in Safavid Iran: Anti‐Sunni Activities During the Reign of Tahmasp I". Iranian Studies. 27 (1–4): 123–133. doi:10.1080/00210869408701823. JSTOR 4310889. p. 127, note 23. On Abu Lu'lu'a, see Pellat, Charles (2011). "Abū Loʾloʾa". In Yarshater, Ehsan (ed.). Encyclopaedia Iranica.
  9. ↑ Film/Jalali Castle and Seljuk Wall of Kashan فیلم/قلعه جلالی و حصار سلجوقی کاشان Retrieved 13 April 2025
  10. ↑ Kashan کاشان Retrieved 13 April 2025
  11. ↑ Search Earthquake Catalog جستجوی کاتالوگ زلزله Retrieved 13 April 2025
  12. ↑ Kashan کاشان Retrieved 13 April 2025
  13. 1 2 تجربه سفر به شهر کوهستانی جوشقان قالی [‌Travel experience to the mountain city of Jowsheqan-e Qali]. آنی‌جا [Aneyja] (in Persian). 14 March 2021 [1378/08/02 (Iranian Jalali calendar)]. Archived from the original on 16 June 2023. Retrieved 23 May 2026.
  14. 1 2 درباره شهرداری [‌About the municipality]. کامو و چوگان [Kamu va Chugan] (in Persian). ‌شهرداری کامو و چوگان [Kamu and Chugan Municipality]. 3 February 2014 [۱۴ بهمن ۹۲ 14 Bahman 92 (Iranian Jalali calendar)]. Archived from the original on 15 January 2016. Retrieved 22 May 2026.
  15. 1 2 سرشماري عمومي نفوس و مسكن 1385 : استان اصفهان [General Population and Housing Census 2006: Isfahan Province]. مرکز آمار ایران [Statistical Centre of Iran] (in Persian). Archived from the original (Excel) on 20 September 2011. Retrieved 25 September 2022.
  16. 1 2 سرشماري عمومي نفوس و مسكن 1390 : استان اصفهان [General Population and Housing Census 2011: Isfahan Province]. Iran Data Portal—Syracuse University (in Persian). مرکز آمار ایران [Statistical Centre of Iran]. Archived from the original (Excel) on 17 January 2023. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
  17. ↑ Habibi, Hassan (29 July 2001) [تاریخ تصویب (Approval date) 1380.05.07 (Iranian Jalali calendar)]. ‌تصویب‌نامه راجع به تغییرات و اصلاحات تقسیماتی در بخش مرکزی شهرستان کاشان [‌Decree on changes and divisional reforms in the Central District of Kashan County]. لام تا کام [Lam ta Kam] (in Persian). ‌وزارت کشور [Ministry of the Interior]. هیات وزیران [Council of Ministers]. شناسه [ID] D1E6F8DC-57ED-4905-84D9-F51ACC727B1F. شماره دوره [Course number] 80. Archived from the original on 5 February 2024. Retrieved 21 May 2026.
  18. ↑ Habibi, Hassan (31 May 2000) [تاریخ تصویب (Approval date) 1379.03.11 (Iranian Jalali calendar)]. ایجاد تغییرات و اصلاحات تقسیماتی در استان اصفهان [‌Creating divisional changes and reforms in Isfahan province]. لام تا کام [Lam ta Kam] (in Persian). ‌وزارت کشور [Ministry of the Interior]. کمیسیون سیاسی دفاعی هیأت دولت [Political Defense Commission of the Government Board]. شناسه [ID] 0295C8AF-7E05-4C9A-A7FD-7300B41F5788. شماره دوره [Course number] 79. Archived from the original on 29 November 2024. Retrieved 8 May 2026.
  19. ↑ Habibollah Zanjani and EIr., “KASHAN i. GEOGRAPHY,” Encyclopaedia Iranica, 2012. . Encyclopaedia Iranica.
  20. ↑ hosts 300,000 tourists کاشان میزبان ۳۰۰ هزار گردشگر Retrieved 13 April 2025
  21. ↑ A complete introduction to the sights of Kashan معرفی تمام و کمال جاهای دیدنی کاشان Retrieved 13 April 2025
  22. ↑ "Varandan deposit, Kashan County, Isfahan Province, Iran". www.mindat.org. Retrieved 8 May 2025.
  23. ↑ Qal'ah-i Jalali قلعه جلالی Retrieved 13 April 2025
  24. ↑ Fin Garden (Fin Bath) باغ فین (حمام فین) Retrieved 13 April 2025
  25. ↑ Tepe Sialk, Iranتپه سیلک Retrieved 13 April 2025
  26. ↑ Karkas Mountainsکوه‌های کرکس Retrieved 13 April 2025
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