Kalnad Hole is a minor perennial stream and right-bank tributary of the Chandragiri River in Kasaragod district, Kerala, India.[1] It originates in the low hills near Kalnad village and flows approximately 10 km through agricultural landscapes before joining the Chandragiri near Hosdurg taluk.[2]

Kalnad Hole
Kalnad Hole is located in Kerala
Kalnad Hole
Location of Kalnad Hole in Kerala
Location
CountryIndia
StateKerala
DistrictKasaragod district
Physical characteristics
Source 
  locationKalnad Hills, Kasaragod district
  coordinates12.3833°N 75.1333°E
  elevation180 m
MouthChandragiri River
  location
Near Kalnad village, Hosdurg taluk
  coordinates
12°21′00″N 75°05′00″E / 12.35000°N 75.08333°E / 12.35000; 75.08333
  elevation
0 m (0 ft)
Length10 km (6.2 mi)
Basin size
42 km2 (16 sq mi)
Basin features
CitiesKalnad

Course

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Kalnad Hole drains a small basin of about 42 km², covering parts of Badiadka and Kumbala panchayats.[3] It supports local irrigation via a minor check dam.[4]

Ecology

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The Kalnad Hole flows through low-lying agricultural plains with riparian vegetation including coconut groves, bamboo thickets, and moist deciduous forests common in northern Kerala's Western Ghats foothills.[5] Aquatic life features native fish such as mahseer and carps, supporting small-scale fisheries, though seasonal monsoons can cause low oxygen levels and habitat stress.[6] Conservation focuses on riparian protection against agricultural runoff and erosion, through eco-development programs in the Chandragiri basin.[7]

References

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  1. "River System". Irrigation Design and Research Board, Government of Kerala. Retrieved 2 November 2025.
  2. "About District". Kasaragod District Administration. Retrieved 2 November 2025.
  3. "Kasaragod District Panchayat Profile" (PDF). Local Self Government Department, Government of Kerala. Retrieved 2 November 2025.
  4. "Minor Irrigation Schemes". Irrigation Department, Government of Kerala. Retrieved 2 November 2025.
  5. "Mogral, Chandragiri and Chittari Rivers". Environmental Information System, Kerala State Council for Science, Technology and Environment. Retrieved 2 November 2025.
  6. "Aquatic Ecosystems in Kerala". Kerala Forest Department, Government of Kerala. Retrieved 2 November 2025.
  7. "Eco-Development Committees". Kerala Forest Department, Government of Kerala. Retrieved 2 November 2025.