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Isfahan province

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Isfahan province (Persian: استان اصفهان)[a] is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. Its capital is the city of Isfahan.[5]

Isfahan province
استان اصفهان (Persian)
Province
Si-o-se Pol
Ālī Qāpū
Agha Bozorg
Isfahan Royal Mosque
Tabatabai House
Nain
Map of Iran with Isfahan province highlighted
Location of Isfahan province within Iran
Coordinates: 32°40′N 51°55′E / 32.667°N 51.917°E / 32.667; 51.917[1]
Country Iran
RegionRegion 2
CapitalIsfahan
Counties29
Government
 • Governor-generalMehdi Jamalinejad (Principlist)
Area
 • Total
107,018 km2 (41,320 sq mi)
Population
 (2016)[2]
 • Total
5,120,850
 • Estimate 
(2020)
5,343,000[3]
 • Rank3rd
 • Density47.8504/km2 (123.932/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+03:30 (IRST)
Area code031
Main language(s)Predominantly Persian.
small Minority: Bakhtiari Luri, Qashqai, Georgian, Armenian languages in some regions of the province
HDI (2017)0.830[4]
very high · 3rd
Websitewww.ostan-es.ir
Isfahan province Historical population
YearPop.±%
19661,703,701—    
19863,294,916+93.4%
20064,559,256+38.4%
20114,879,312+7.0%
20165,120,850+5.0%
amar.org.ir

The province is in the center of the country in Iran's Region 2,[6] whose secretariat is located in Isfahan.

Isfahan Province is located along the eastern foothills of the Zagros Mountains. It covers both mountainous terrain and arid plains, contributing to its diverse climate and natural resources.[7]

History

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Historians have recorded Espahan, Sepahan or Isfahan initially as a defense and military base. The security and protection of the gradually increasing castles and fortifications, thereby, would provide the protection of residents nearby, therefore leading to the growth of large settlements nearby. These historical castles were Atashgah, Sarooyieh, Tabarok, Kohan Dej, and Gard Dej. The oldest of these is Ghal'eh Sefeed and the grounds at Tamijan from prehistoric times. The historic village of Abyaneh, a nationwide attraction, also has Sasanian ruins and fire temples among other historical relics.

During the 17th and 18th centuries, Isfahan province enjoyed high standards of prosperity as it became the capital of Safavid Iran. While the city of Sepahan (Esfahan) was their seat of monarchical, Kashan was their place of vacation and leisure.

Demographics

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Language

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First language in Isfahan province[8]
  1. Persian (79.5%)
  2. Luri (6.83%)
  3. Turkic (5.82%)
  4. Central Plateau Group (3.39%)
  5. Georgian (0.30%)
  6. Biyabanaki (0.07%)
  7. Armenian (0.04%)
  8. Other, unknown (4.05%)

A majority of the population speak Persian as first language with a minority of Luri, Turkic, Georgian, Biyabanaki and Armenian speakers.[8]

During the Pahlavi era, a large group of Kurds from the Gulbaghi tribe were moved from the north of Kurdistan province to the city of Isfahan and the cities of Yazd, Kashan, and Nayin. Today, the Gulbaghi tribe are mostly assimilated elements in the population of these cities.[9][10]

Population

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At the time of the 2006 National Census, the province's population was 4,499,327 in 1,223,684 households, with a literacy rate of 88.65 percent.[11] The following census in 2011 counted 4,879,312 people in 1,454,162 households.[12] The 2016 census measured the population of the province as 5,120,850 in 1,607,482 households.[2]

Administrative divisions

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The population history and structural changes of Isfahan province's administrative divisions over three consecutive censuses are shown in the following table.

Isfahan province
Counties2006[11]2011[12]2016[2]
Aran and Bidgol89,96197,409103,517
Ardestan43,58541,40542,105
Borkhar[b]–108,933122,419
Buin Miandasht[c]––24,163
Chadegan33,68433,94232,479
Dehaqan34,14934,84434,511
Falavarjan232,019247,014249,814
Faridan81,62279,74349,890
Fereydunshahr38,95538,33435,654
Golpayegan82,60187,47990,086
Harand[d]––—
Isfahan1,963,3152,174,1722,243,249
Jarqavieh[e]––—
Kashan297,000323,371364,482
Khansar31,54232,42333,049
Khomeynishahr282,888311,629319,727
Khur and Biabanak[f]–17,79319,761
Kuhpayeh[g]––—
Lenjan225,559246,510262,912
Meymeh and Vazvan[h]––—
Mobarakeh132,925143,474150,441
Nain54,29838,07739,261
Najafabad279,014300,288319,205
Natanz43,94742,23943,977
Semirom70,73565,04774,109
Shahinshahr[i]277,783196,584234,667
Shahreza139,702149,555159,797
Tiran and Karvan64,04369,04771,575
Varzaneh[d]––—
Total4,499,3274,879,3125,120,850

Cities

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According to the 2016 census, 4,507,430 people (over 88% of the population of Isfahan province) live in the following cities:[2]

CityPopulation
Abrisham22,429
Abuzeydabad5,976
Afus3,696
Alavijeh8,067
Anarak1,903
Aran and Bidgol65,404
Ardestan15,744
Asgaran4,858
Asgharabad6,876
Badrud14,723
Bafran1,978
Bagh-e Bahadoran10,279
Bagh-e Shad4,356
Baharan Shahr11,284
Baharestan79,023
Barf Anbar5,382
Barzok4,588
Buin Miandasht9,889
Chadegan9,924
Chamgardan15,574
Chermahin13,732
Damaneh4,366
Daran20,078
Dastgerd17,775
Dehaq8,272
Dehaqan17,945
Dizicheh18,935
Dorcheh Piaz47,800
Dowlatabad40,945
Ezhiyeh3,156
Falavarjan37,704
Farrokhi2,968
Fereydunshahr13,603
Fuladshahr88,426
Gaz24,433
Goldasht25,235
Golpayegan58,936
Golshahr9,904
Golshan5,437
Gorgab9,690
Guged6,012
Habibabad9,491
Hana4,922
Harand7,829
Hasanabad4,478
Imanshahr14,633
Isfahan1,961,260
Jandaq4,665
Jowsheqan-e Qali4,181
Jowzdan6,998
Kamu va Chugan2,434
Karkevand7,058
Kahriz Sang10,442
Kashan304,487
Kelishad va Sudarjan25,635
Khaledabad3,023
Khansar21,883
Khomeynishahr247,128
Khur6,765
Komeshcheh5,100
Khvorzuq29,154
Komeh2,305
Kuhpayeh5,518
Kushk13,248
Lay Bid1,832
Mahabad3,727
Majlesi9,363
Manzariyeh7,164
Meshkat5,357
Meymeh5,651
Mobarakeh69,449
Mohammadabad5,032
Nain27,379
Najafabad235,281
Nasrabad6,425
Natanz14,122
Neyasar2,319
Nikabad4,364
Nushabad11,838
Pir Bakran13,469
Qahderijan34,226
Qahjavarestan9,712
Qamsar3,877
Rezvanshahr3,606
Rozveh4,332
Sagzi5,063
Sedeh Lenjan19,101
Sefidshahr5,804
Semirom26,942
Shahinshahr173,329
Shapurabad5,915
Shahreza134,952
Sin5,495
Talkhuncheh9,924
Tarq Rud1,749
Tiran21,703
Tudeshk4,275
Vanak1,665
Varnamkhast18,700
Varzaneh12,714
Vazvan5,952
Zarrin Shahr55,817
Zavareh8,320
Zayandeh Rud9,463
Zazeran7,962
Ziar3,918
Zibashahr10,200

Geography

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The Isfahan province covers an area of approximately 107,018 square km and is situated in the center of Iran. To its north, stand the Markazi (Central) Province and the provinces of Qom and Semnan. To its south, it is bordered by the provinces of Fars, and Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province. Aminabad is the most southern city of Isfahan province just 2 km north of the border. To the east, it is bordered by the province of Yazd. To the west, it shares its border with the province of Lurestan and to the southwest lies the province of Chahar Mahal and Bakhtiyari.

The province experiences a moderate and dry climate on the whole, ranging between 40.6 °C (105.08 °F) and 10.6 °C (51 °F) on a cold day in the winter season. The average annual temperature has been recorded as 16.7 °C (62 °F) and the annual rainfall on average has been reported as 116.9 mm. The city of Sepahan (Esfahan) however experiences an excellent climate, with four distinct seasons.

With an elevation of 4,040 metres, the Shahankuh is the highest peak in Isfahan province. This mountain is located about 20 kilometres southwest of the city of Fereydunshahr in the western part of the province.

Isfahan province has 52 rivers, mostly small and temporary, with the exception of the Zāyanderud, which totals 405 km in length a basin area of 27,100 km2.[20]

Biodiversity

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Esmaeilius isfahanensis (Farsi: کپوردندان_اصفهان) is a species of Cyprinodontid fish endemic to the Zayandehrud river basin (see genus Esmaeilius). It is known only from three sites across the province.[21][22][23][24] Allium chlorotepalum is an endemic species of Isfahan province, Astragalus vernaculus is also common in the west of the province.[25][26]

Modern economy

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Nine tons of saffron are produced by this province by the year.[27]

It is the biggest milk and dairy producer in Iran.[28]

High tech

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The state has 18k active fiber optically connected network ports as of mid 2023.[29]

Military

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Iranian armed forces and the Islamic Republic military has several locations inside Isfahan province, There is also Esfahan nuclear fuel research and production center nfrpc. Hesa specializes in aerospace and helicopter maintenance and weaponry.[30][31][32]

Tourism

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Bridges

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Main Isfahan attractions include

  • Shahrestan bridge
  • Khajoo (Khaju) Bridge in Isfahan
  • siosepol or Si-O-Se-Pol bridge
  • Choobi Bridge (Joubi Bridge)[33]

Cuisine

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According to the Isfahan atlas[who?], well-known local dishes include Shefte [fa], Kachi, Kebab Golpayegan, Samanu Shahreza, Carrot stew [fa] Khansar, Yokhe bread (Kaak) and Semirom.[34][35]

Education

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As of 2023, fifty thousand foreigners were studying in schools in Isfahan province.[36]

Public universities

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Islamic Azad Universities

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Several well-known Islamic Azad University campuses in Iran are located in the province:

Islamic Azad University of Najafabad has the largest university campus in the Middle East
Esfahan general bureau of education
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See also

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Notes

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  1. ↑ Also romanized as Ostān-e Esfahān, Esfahan, Espahan, or Isphahan
  2. ↑ Separated from Borkhar and Meymeh County after the 2006 census[13]
  3. ↑ Separated from Faridan County after the 2011 census[14]
  4. 1 2 Separated from Isfahan County after the 2016 census[15]
  5. ↑ Separated from Isfahan County after the 2016 census[16]
  6. ↑ Separated from Nain County after the 2006 census[17]
  7. ↑ Separated from Isfahan County after the 2016 census[18]
  8. ↑ Separated from Shahinshahr and Meymeh County after the 2016 census[19]
  9. ↑ Formerly Borkhar and Meymeh County[13] and then Shahinshahr and Meymeh County[19]

References

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  1. ↑ OpenStreetMap contributors (24 November 2024). "بخش مرکزی شهرستان اصفهان [Central District of Isfahan County], Isfahan County, Isfahan Province, Iran" (Map). OpenStreetMap (in Persian). Retrieved 24 November 2024.
  2. 1 2 3 4 سرشماري عمومي نفوس و مسكن 1395 : استان اصفهان [General Population and Housing Census 2016: Isfahan Province]. مرکز آمار ایران [Statistical Centre of Iran] (in Persian). Archived from the original (Excel) on 19 October 2020. Retrieved 7 June 2026.
  3. ↑ Amar. "توجه: تفاوت در سرجمع به دليل گرد شدن ارقام به رقم هزار مي باشد. (in Persian)". Archived from the original on 3 August 2020. Retrieved 29 September 2020.
  4. ↑ "Sub-national HDI – Area Database – Global Data Lab". hdi.globaldatalab.org. Archived from the original on 23 September 2018. Retrieved 13 September 2018.
  5. ↑ Habibi, Hassan (12 September 1990) [تاریخ تصویب (Approval date) 1369.6.21 (Iranian Jalali calendar)]. ‌تصویب سازمان و سلسله تابعیت عناصر و واحدهای تقسیمات کشوری استان اصفهان به مرکزیت شهر اصفهان [‌‌Approval of the organization and hierarchy of subordination of the elements and units of the national divisions of Isfahan province with the center of Isfahan city]. لام تا کام [Lam ta Kam] (in Persian). ‌وزارت کشور [Ministry of the Interior]. کمیسیون سیاسی دفاعی هیأت دولت [Political Defense Commission of the Government Board]. شناسه [ID] 7CE85F3A-6CEE-4A59-9498-E435D7B5C890. شماره دوره [Course number] 69, شماره جلد [Volume number] 3. Archived from the original on 4 February 2024. Retrieved 3 May 2026.
  6. ↑ "همشهری آنلاین-استان‌های کشور به ۵ منطقه تقسیم شدند (Provinces were divided into 5 regions)". Hamshahri Online (in Persian). 22 June 2014 [1 Tir 1393, Jalaali]. Archived from the original on 23 June 2014.
  7. ↑ https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/isfahan-i-geography/
  8. 1 2 "Language distribution: Esfahan Province". 2017–2020. Archived from the original on 11 April 2022. Retrieved 11 April 2022.
  9. ↑ Ahmadi, Mansur (2022). "سیاست های ایلیاتی پهلوی اول برابر گلباغی ها". The Scientific Journal of Cihan University – Sulaimanyia. 6 (3): 391–404. doi:10.25098/6.3.21.
  10. ↑ "کینه رضا شاه از طوایف و عشایر گه‌لواخی/ نه گلباغی ماند اینجا نه همدانی آنجا". 8 May 1402.
  11. 1 2 سرشماري عمومي نفوس و مسكن 1385 : استان اصفهان [General Population and Housing Census 2006: Isfahan Province]. مرکز آمار ایران [Statistical Centre of Iran] (in Persian). Archived from the original (Excel) on 20 September 2011. Retrieved 7 June 2026.
  12. 1 2 سرشماري عمومي نفوس و مسكن 1390 : استان اصفهان [General Population and Housing Census 2011: Isfahan Province]. Iran Data Portal—Syracuse University (in Persian). مرکز آمار ایران [Statistical Centre of Iran]. Archived from the original (Excel) on 17 January 2023. Retrieved 7 June 2026.
  13. 1 2 Davoodi, Parviz (21 October 2007) [تاریخ تصویب (Approval date) 1386/07/29 (Iranian Jalali calendar)]. تصویبنامه وزرای عضو کمیسیون سیاسی- دفاعی هیئت دولت در خصوص برخی تغییرات و تقسیمات کشوری در استان اصفهان [‌Approval of the Ministers of the Political-Defense Commission of the Government Board regarding some changes and national divisions in Isfahan province]. مرکز پژوهشهای مجلس شورای اسلامی ایران [Research Center of the Islamic Consultative Assembly of Iran] (in Persian). ‌وزارت کشور [Ministry of the Interior]. کمیسیون سیاسی دفاعی هیأت دولت [Political Defense Commission of the Government Board]. 153437/ت 35370ک [153437/T 35370K]. Archived from the original on 1 October 2015. Retrieved 4 May 2026.
  14. ↑ Rahimi, Mohammad Reza (27 September 2013) [تاریخ تصویب (Approval date) 7/5/1392 (Iranian Jalali calendar)]. با چند تغییر در جغرافیای 7 استان کشور؛ 6 شهرستان و شهر جدید به نقشه تقسیمات کشوری اضافه شد [‌With a few changes in the geography of the country's 7 provinces; 6 new cities and towns added to the country's division map]. Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran (in Persian). ‌وزارت کشور [Ministry of the Interior]. هیات وزیران [Council of Ministers]. کد خبر [News Code] 229584. Archived from the original on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 10 February 2026.
  15. ↑ Jahangiri, Eshaq (18 July 2021) [۱۴۰۰/۰۴/۲۷ تصويب (Approval 1400/04/27) (Iranian Jalali calendar)]. تصویبنامه درخصوص تقسیمات کشوری در شهرستان اصفهان استان اصفهان [‌Approval regarding national divisions in Isfahan County, Isfahan province]. پایگاه ملی اطلاع رسانی قوانین و مقررات کشور [National Database of Information on the Country's Laws and Regulations] (in Persian). ‌وزارت کشور [Ministry of the Interior]. هیات وزیران [Council of Ministers]. کد خبر:۹۸۴۰ [News Code: 9845]. Archived from the original on 30 November 2021. Retrieved 16 May 2026.
  16. ↑ Jahangiri, Eshaq (18 July 2021) [۱۴۰۰/۰۴/۲۷ (1400/04/27) (Iranian Jalali calendar)]. تصویبنامه درخصوص تقسیمات کشوری در استان اصفهان [‌Approval regarding national divisions in Isfahan province]. پایگاه ملی اطلاع رسانی قوانین و مقررات کشور [National Database of Information on the Country's Laws and Regulations] (in Persian). ‌وزارت کشور [Ministry of the Interior]. هیات وزیران [Council of Ministers]. کد خبر:۹۸۴۰ [News Code: 9839]. Archived from the original on 31 July 2021. Retrieved 17 May 2026.
  17. ↑ Ahmadinejad, Mahmoud (21 June 2009) [تاریخ تصویب (Approval date) 31/3/1388 (Iranian Jalali calendar)]. تصویب نامه در خصوص تأسیس شهرستان خور، بیابانک به مرکزیت شهر خور در تابعیت استان اصفهان [‌Approval regarding the establishment of Khur and Biabanak County with the city of Khur as its center under the jurisdiction of Isfahan province]. لام تا کام [Lam ta Kam] (in Persian). ‌وزارت کشور [Ministry of the Interior]. هیات وزیران [Council of Ministers]. شناسه [ID] 6CC61E26-2226-447D-8412-0C0FCB3BB8C5. Archived from the original on 22 January 2025. Retrieved 24 May 2026.
  18. ↑ Jahangiri, Eshaq (18 July 2021) [۱۴۰۰/۴/۲۷ تاریخ تصویب (Approval date) 1400/4/27 (Iranian Jalali calendar)]. تصویب نامه در خصوص تقسیمات کشوری در شهرستان اصفهان استان اصفهان [‌Resolution on national divisions in Isfahan County, Isfahan province]. مرکز پژوهشهای مجلس شورای اسلامی ایران [Research Center of the Islamic Consultative Assembly of Iran] (in Persian). ‌وزارت کشور [Ministry of the Interior]. هیات وزیران [Council of Ministers]. پیشنهاد شماره ۲۰۶۲۳۹ [Proposal No. 206239]. Archived from the original on 28 August 2021. Retrieved 17 May 2026.
  19. 1 2 Aref, Mohammad Reza (17 July 2024) [۱۴۰۳/۴/۲۷ تصویب (Approved 1403/4/27) (Iranian Jalali calendar)]. تصویب‌نامه در خصوص تقسیمات کشوری شهرستان شاهین‌شهر در استان اصفهان [‌Resolution on the national divisions of Shahinshahr County in Isfahan province]. پژوهشکده حقوقی شهر دانش [Shahr Danesh Law Research Institute] (in Persian). ‌وزارت کشور [Ministry of the Interior]. هیات وزیران [Council of Ministers]. پیشنهادهای شماره ۵۸۰ مورخ ۱۴۰۲/۱/۶ و شماره ۷۰۷۳۰ مورخ ۱۴۰۳/۴/۲۳ [Proposals No. 580 dated 1402/1/6 and No. 70730 dated 1403/4/23]. Archived from the original on 9 October 2024. Retrieved 4 May 2026.
  20. ↑ EIr and Xavier de Planhol, "ISFAHAN i. GEOGRAPHY", Encyclopaedia Iranica, 2012. Archived 2020-05-26 at the Wayback Machine.
  21. ↑ Ghafouri, Zaniar; Keivany, Yazdan; Soofiani, Nasrollah M. (1 January 2019). "Reproductive biology of Aphanius isfahanensis in the Zayandehrud River, central Iran". Environmental Biology of Fishes. 102 (1): 19–25. Bibcode:2019EnvBF.102...19G. doi:10.1007/s10641-018-0833-0. ISSN 1573-5133. S2CID 53816219. Archived from the original on 20 December 2020. Retrieved 29 September 2020.
  22. ↑ Zicha, Ondrej. "BioLib: Biological library". biolib.cz. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 27 September 2020.
  23. ↑ زانيار, غفوري; يزدان, کيواني; نصراله, محبوبي صوفياني (21 March 2018). "شاخص هاي تغذيه اي کپوردندان ماهي اصفهان (Aphanius isfahanensis) در رودخانه زاينده رود در ايران". Iranian Journal of Ichthyology (in Persian). 5 (3): 184–191. Archived from the original on 20 December 2020. Retrieved 29 September 2020.
  24. ↑ "تنوع جمعیتی کپوردندان اصفهان (Aphanius isfahanensis)". virascience.com. Archived from the original on 20 December 2020. Retrieved 27 September 2020.
  25. ↑ اخوان روفیگر, آزاده; باقری, علی; جم‌زاد, زیبا; جلیلی, عادل (2019). "The conservation status of two Allium )Amaryllidaceae( species in Iran". طبیعت ایران. 4 (1). doi:10.22092/irn.2019.118682. Archived from the original on 20 December 2020. Retrieved 6 October 2020.
  26. ↑ اخوان روفیگر, آزاده; باقری, علی; جم زاد, زیبا; جلیلی, عادل (2020). "Conservation status of endemic species Astragalus vernaculus (Fabaceae)". طبیعت ایران. 4 (6). doi:10.22092/irn.2020.120810. Archived from the original on 8 October 2020. Retrieved 6 October 2020.
  27. ↑ "برداشت زعفران از مزارع استان اصفهان". iribnews.ir. Archived from the original on 20 December 2020. Retrieved 17 November 2020.
  28. ↑ "استان اصفهان؛ ستون خیمه امنیت غذایی کشور". 31 August 2022. Archived from the original on 1 September 2022. Retrieved 1 September 2022.
  29. ↑ "۱۸ هزار پورت فیبرنوری در استان اصفهان به بهره‌برداری رسید". Islamic Republic News Agency. Retrieved 18 May 2023.
  30. ↑ "Isfahan xiv. MODERN ECONOMY AND INDUSTRIES – Encyclopaedia Iranica". Archived from the original on 6 May 2023. Retrieved 18 May 2023.
  31. ↑ "Isfahan xiv. MODERN ECONOMY AND INDUSTRIES ( – Encyclopaedia Iranica". Archived from the original on 26 May 2020. Retrieved 18 May 2023.
  32. ↑ "Isfahan xiv. MODERN ECONOMY AND INDUSTRIES ( – Encyclopaedia Iranica". Archived from the original on 26 May 2020. Retrieved 18 May 2023.
  33. ↑ "Isfahan Bridge – IsfahanMag". Retrieved 29 June 2023.
  34. ↑ "آغاز تدوین اطلس غذایی استان اصفهان". iribnews.ir. Archived from the original on 20 December 2020. Retrieved 20 December 2020.
  35. ↑ "تدوین اطلس غذایی استان اصفهان آغاز شد- اخبار اصفهان – اخبار استانها تسنیم – Tasnim". خبرگزاری تسنیم – Tasnim (in Persian). Archived from the original on 20 December 2020. Retrieved 20 December 2020.
  36. ↑ "صدور ۱۸۰۰ شناسنامه برای فرزندان اتباع / ۵۳ هزار دانش‌آموز تبعه خارجی در اصفهان داریم – ایمنا". Archived from the original on 21 September 2023.
  37. ↑ "Islamic azad university falavarjan branch". Archived from the original on 15 March 2015. Retrieved 6 March 2015.
  38. ↑ "khuisf.ac.ir". khuisf.ac.ir. Archived from the original on 13 August 2013. Retrieved 11 August 2013.
  39. ↑ "Islamic Azad University Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch". en.khuisf.ac.ir. Archived from the original on 12 February 2013. Retrieved 27 March 2018.

Bibliography

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Further reading

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