Impulse for Progress and Development (French: Impulsion pour le Progrès et le Développement, IPD), also referred to as Impulse to Progress and Democracy, was a political alliance and party in Benin.
History
editThe Impulse for Progress and Development alliance was formed for the 1995 parliamentary elections as part of the opposition to President Nicéphore Soglo.[1] It consisted of the National Party for Democracy and Development (PNDD), Alliance for Civic Renewal (ARC) and the Party for Democracy and Progress (PDP) and headed by Moïse Mensah.[2] The alliance received 3% of the vote and won three seats,[3][4] taken by Valentin Houde, Théophile Nata and Albert Sansouamou.
The PNDD left to join the Star Alliance for the 1999 parliamentary elections,[2] but although the IPD's vote share fell to 2%, it increased its parliamentary representation, winning four seats,[5] taken by Nata, Félix Jean Agbayahun, Imorou Sale and Emmanuel Tiando. Although the Benin Rebirth Party won around a third of the seats, the IPD was one of eight groups in parliament to form a coalition government.[6] After joining the government, Nata was appointed Minister of Rural Development in 1999 and then Minister of Agriculture in 2001.
By the 2003 parliamentary elections the IPD had become a unitary party.[7] It contested the elections as part of the 'Presidential Movement' bloc, winning two seats,[8] taken by Nata and Kotoi Imorou Sarre.[9]
Efforts were made to revive the party in 2015 by national secretary Mike Azilinon.[10]
References
edit- ↑ Alan John Day, Richard German & John R. E. Campbell (1996). Political Parties of the World. p. 73.
- 1 2 Agnès Oladoun Badou (2003). "Political parties and electoral strategies in Parakou" (PDF). Institut für Ethnologie und Afrikastudien.
- ↑ "Election Results". Elections Today. October 1995. p. 30.
- ↑ William C. Banks (1998). Political Handbook of the World 1998. p. 95.
- ↑ Arthur S. Banks & Thomas C. Muller (1999). Political Handbook of the World, 1999. p. 99.
- ↑ M. A. Mohamed Salih, ed. (2003). African Political Parties: Evolution, Institutionalisation and Governance. Pluto Books. p. 176. ISBN 978-1-84964-179-1.
- ↑ Jan Niklas Engels, Alexanders Stroh & Léonard Wantchékon, ed. (2008). "Le fonctionnement des partis politiques au Bénin" (PDF). p. 60.
- ↑ "Elections held in 2003". Inter-Parliamentary Union.
- ↑ "SCRUTIN DU 30 MARS 2003 : La Céna a enfin proclamé les résultats". CDSI. 4 April 2003. Archived from the original on 7 June 2007.
- ↑ "Le Parti IPD installe ses structures décentralisées dans la 15ème circonscription électorale". A Cotonou. 13 October 2015.
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