Giulio Cesare da Varano (1434–1502) was an Italian condottiero who ruled the city state of Camerino from 1447 until his death in 1502.[1][2][3]
Life
editHe was the son of Giovanni II da Varano and Bartolomea Smeducci di Sanseverino. He was rescued from the general massacre of his family (the da Varano massacre)[4] by his aunt, and he was sent to live in Fabriano to ensure his safety.[1] In 1447, he inherited the lordship of Camerino and shared this title with his cousin, Rodolfo.[1] He entered in military service, fighting first for the Republic of Florence and then for Siena, in order to capture Jacopo Piccinino. He fought for Pope Pius II against the king of Naples and, in 1469, he was at the side of the papal troops in opposition to Rimini, but was defeated twice.[1][5] In 1464 he was widely suspected of murdering his cousin Rodolfo, by poisoning him, in order to secure sole rulership of Camerino.[2][6]
He would become an enemy of Pope Alexander VI and his son, Cesare Borgia.[2] In 1502, he was captured by Borgia and killed alongside his sons, Vincenzo, Annibale and Pirro.[2][7][8][9] After Borgia's fall from power Camerino would be ruled by Giulio Cesare' son, Giovanni Maria da Varano, as the Duke of Camerino.[10]
References
edit- 1 2 3 4 "VARANO, Giulio Cesare da - Enciclopedia".
- 1 2 3 4 Sabatini, Rafael (7 May 2021). "Cesare Borgia".
- ↑ Law, John E. (2008). "The da varano lords of Camerino as condottiere princes". Mercenaries and Paid Men. pp. 89–103. doi:10.1163/ej.9789004164475.i-415.38. ISBN 978-90-474-3261-6.
- ↑ Lightbown, R. W.; Lightbown, Ronald (January 2004). Carlo Crivelli. Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-10286-0.
- ↑ I volti di una dinastia. I da Varano di Camerino, Federico Motta, Milano, 2001
- ↑ Dean, Trevor (July 1990), City and Countryside in Late Medieval and Renaissance Italy: Essays Presented to Philip Jones, Bloomsbury, p. 171=174, ISBN 978-0-8264-2426-6
- ↑ Hibbert, Christopher (2008). The Borgias and Their Enemies: 1431-1519. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. ISBN 978-0-15-101033-2.
- ↑ Mathew, Arnold Harris (1912). "The Life and Times of Rodrigo Borgia, Pope Alexander VI".
- ↑ Meyer, G. J. (2 April 2013). The Borgias: The Hidden History. Random House Publishing. ISBN 978-0-345-52693-9.
- ↑ France, John (January 2008). Mercenaries and Paid Men: The Mercenary Identity in the Middle Ages : Proceedings of a Conference Held at University of Wales, Swansea, 7th-9th July 2005. BRILL. ISBN 978-90-04-16447-5.