Gabriel Bertrand (born 17 May 1867 in Paris, died 20 June 1962 in Paris) was a French pharmacologist, biochemist and bacteriologist.
Gabriel Bertrand | |
|---|---|
| Born | 17 May 1867 Paris |
| Died | 20 June 1962 (aged 95) Paris |
| Known for | concepts of oxidase and trace elements Bertrand's rule |
| Scientific career | |
| Institutions | Institut Pasteur |
| Émile Duclaux | |
Other academic advisors | Edmond Frémy |
Bertrand introduced into biochemistry both the term “oxidase” and the concept of trace elements.
The laccase, a polyphenol oxidase and an enzyme oxidating urishiol and laccol obtained from the lacquer tree, was first studied by Gabriel Bertrand[1] in 1894.[2]
Bertrand's rule refers to the fact that the dose–response curve for many micronutrients is non-monotonic, having an initial stage of increasing benefits with increased intake, followed by increasing costs as excesses become toxic.[3] In 2005, Raubenheimer et al. fed excess carbohydrates to Spodoptera littoralis and extended Bertrand's rule to macronutrients.[4]
Along with Césaire Phisalix, Bertrand isolated the psychedelic drug bufotenin in 1893, though its hallucinogenic effects were not discovered until much later.[5][6][7][8] In 1894, also with Phisalix, he developed an antivenom for use against snake bites.[9]
Bertrand was made a member of the Académie Nationale de Médecine in 1931. In 1932 he became foreign member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences.[10]
References
edit- ↑ Gabriel Bertrand on isimabomba.free.fr (French)
- ↑ Science and civilisation in China: Chemistry and chemical ..., Volume 5, Part 4 By Joseph Needham, Ping-Yü Ho, Gwei-Djen Lu and Nathan Sivin, p. 209
- ↑ Does Bertrand's rule apply to macronutrients? D Raubenheimer, K.P Lee and S.J Simpson, Proc Biol Sci. 22 November 2005; 272(1579): 2429–2434, doi:10.1098/rspb.2005.3271
- ↑ Raubenheimer, D; Lee, KP; Simpson, SJ (22 November 2005). "Does Bertrand's rule apply to macronutrients?". Proc Biol Sci. 272 (1579): 2429–34. doi:10.1098/rspb.2005.3271. PMC 1559972. PMID 16243690.
- ↑ Shulgin AT (1981). "Bufotenine". Journal of Psychoactive Drugs. 13 (4): 389. doi:10.1080/02791072.1981.10471899. PMID 28557697.
- ↑ Lyttle T, Goldstein D, Gartz J (1996). "Bufo toads and bufotenine: fact and fiction surrounding an alleged psychedelic". Journal of Psychoactive Drugs. 28 (3): 267–290. doi:10.1080/02791072.1996.10472488. PMID 8895112.
- ↑ Bochner R, Goyffon M (2007). "L'œuvre scientifique de Césaire Phisalix (1852–1906), découvreur du sérum antivenimeux" (PDF). Bull Soc Herp Fr. 123: 15–46.
- ↑ Phisalix C, Bertrand G (1893). "Toxicité comparée du sang et du venin de crapaud commun, considérée au point de vue de la sécrétion interne des glandes cutanées de cet animal". C R Soc Biol. 45: 477–479.
- ↑ Le Musee Pasteur Archived 2013-10-19 at the Wayback Machine Césaire et Marie PHISALIX, deux chercheurs comtois
- ↑ "G. Bertrand (1867 - 1962)". Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences. Retrieved 20 July 2015.
External links
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