The GLI-F4 instant tear gas grenade (French: Grenade GLI-F4, alternatively known as the SAE 810) is an explosive tear gas grenade, manufactured by French company Alsetex. GLI-F4 grenades are classified as "weapons of war" (French: armes de guerre) in the French Internal Security Code.[1]
| Grenade GLI-F4 | |
|---|---|
| Type | Hand grenade |
| Place of origin | France |
| Service history | |
| In service | 2011-2020 |
| Production history | |
| Manufacturer | Alsetex |
| Specifications | |
| Filling | TNT, RDX, CS gas |
History
editThe GLI-F4 was first authorized alongside the OF-F1 grenade in French law enforcement operation,[2] following Decree 2011–795 on June 30, 2011.[3]
It replaced the OF-F1 grenade, which was first suspended after the death of Rémi Fraisse when used during the October 2014 Sivens Dam demonstrations[4] and subsequently forbidden by Decree 2017–1029, on 10 May 2017.[5]
Replacement
editOn 26 January 2020 then-interior minister, Christophe Castaner, announced the withdrawal of GLI-F4 grenades.[6]
While the GLI-F4 replacement, GM2L grenade, does not contain TNT, critics such as the Human Rights League argue that it is not clear that these new grenades are much safer as they function in a similar way,[7][8] while citing that the GLI-F4 was already being phased out.
Design
editUsage
editThe usage of GLI-F4 has caused cases of mutilation, especially in demonstration events.[11] Three thousand grenades of this type, some of which expired, were used on the Notre-Dame-des-Landes Zone to Defend in April 2018.[12]
Users
edit
See also
edit- Hand grenade
- F1 grenade – (France)
- F1 grenade (Australia) – (Australia)
- LU 213 grenade – (France)
- M26 grenade – (United States)
- M67 grenade – (United States)
- Mk 2 grenade – (United States)
References
edit- ↑ Celine Rastello, "N'est-ce pas inquiétant qu'un gouvernement utilise des armes de guerre contre la population ?", L'Obs, February 14, 2019. Retrieved September 22, 2019.
- ↑ (Daillère & Linglet 2016, p. 48,49)
- ↑ "Decree No. 2011-795 of 30 June 2011 on firearms that may be used for the maintenance of public order". Legifrance.gouv.fr. Retrieved January 4, 2019.
- ↑ "Forces de l'ordre: pourquoi tant de grenades?" (opiniestuk) (in French). Libération. 12 September 2017. Archived from the original on 2019-12-14. Retrieved 31 January 2019.
- ↑ "Décret n° 2017-1029 du 10 mai 2017 modifiant l'article D. 211-17 du code de la sécurité intérieure - Legifrance". Legifrance.gouv.fr.
- ↑ Duplay, Eleonore (18 June 2018). "Les grenades GLI F4 abandonnées progressivement" (in French). France 3 Régions. Archived from the original on 2019-05-30. Retrieved 29 January 2019.
- ↑ Breeden, Aurelien (2020-01-27). "France to Stop Using TNT-Loaded Tear Gas Grenades". The New York Times.
- ↑ Joubioux, Nathan (2020-01-27). "La grenade controversée GLI-F4 est désormais interdite en France, un coup de com ?". euronews (in French). Retrieved 2020-01-29.
- ↑ Ismaël Halissat, "Grenade GLI-F4 : révélations sur une arme qui mutile", Libération.fr, January 25, 2019. Retrieved September 22, 2019.
- ↑ "55 - Grenades à effet combinés" (in French). titus2h.e-monsite.com/. Archived from the original on 2019-10-17. Retrieved 18 January 2019.
- ↑ "Un "gilet jaune", victime d'une grenade, a eu la main arrachée". www.lesinrocks.com. Retrieved 13 February 2019.
- ↑ "Les gendarmes ont déversé une quantité record de grenades sur la Zad de Notre-Dame-des-Landes". Reporterre.net. Retrieved 4 January 2019.
Works cited
edit- Daillère, Aline; Linglet, Salomé (14 March 2016). L'Ordre et la force - Enquête sur l'usage de la force par les représentants de la loi en France (PDF). Action des chrétiens pour l'abolition de la torture.