The Eushta Tatars (Siberian Tatar: яушталар, yaushtalar,[1] Russian: Эуштинцы) are one of the three subgroups of Tom Tatar group of Siberian Tatars. Eushta mainly inhabit the lower reaches of the Tom river in Tomsk oblast. Their historical and cultural centre is the Eushta village. Eushta are especially closely related to Chat Tatars. Their historical center was the township of Toian.[2]
яушталар, yaushtalar | |
|---|---|
| Regions with significant populations | |
| Russia | 300-400 |
| Languages | |
| Tom dialect of Siberian Tatar, Russian | |
| Religion | |
| Sunni Islam | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
| Other Siberian Tatars, Selkups | |
Eushta Tatars consist of three sub-groups: Eushta Tatars, Basandai Tatars, Evaga Tatars[3]. They speak Eushta-Chat variant variant of the Tom dialect of the Siberian Tatar language.
History
editEushta Tatars are considered to be originally Samoyedic Selkup inhabitants of western Siberia, who were greatly influenced by Turkic peoples and lately Turkicised.[4] In the beginning there were migrations from Altai. Yenisei Kyrgyz and Tyolyos tribes formed a role in their ethnogenesis. In 9th and 10th centuries Kimeks arrived in the region, from which the Kipchaks derived, who also had impact on Eushta Tatars.
During the 15th and 16th centuries, the Eushta were under the rule of the Sibir Khanate.[5] When Russians first came into contact with the Eushta, they numbered around 800 people.
Eushta Tatars adopted Islam at the middle of the 19th century.
Genetics
editAccording to Valikhova L.V. et al. (2022), the main Y-DNA haplogroups that have been observed among a sample of Tatars from the village of Eushta are R1b1a1a1b-Y20768(xY20784) (35.3%), R1a1a1b2a2b-Z2122 (20.6%), Q1b1b-YP4004 (17.6%), R1a1a1b2-CTS9754 (14.7%), and C2a1a2a. The authors have reported that these lineages among the Tatars of Eushta village are closely related to lineages observed among Teleut, Khakas, Shor, Chelkan, Tubalar, and Tuvan populations, all of which are Turkic-speaking populations of South Central Siberia.[6]
References
edit- ↑ https://tomskmuseum.ru/about_mus/blog/btt/ Tom Tatars
- ↑ https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/ayalynskie-tatary-ili-o-chyom-govoryat-derevya Аялынские татары, или о чём говорят деревья
- ↑ https://journals.openedition.org/monderusse/pdf/44 Ethnic processes within the Turkic population of the West Siberian plain (sixteenth-twentieth centuries)
- ↑ Eushta Tatars
- ↑ Forsyth, James (1994). A History of the Peoples of Siberia: Russia's North Asian Colony 1581-1990. Cambridge University Press. p. 25. ISBN 978-0-521-47771-0.
- ↑ Valikhova L.V., Kharkov V.N., Volkov V.G., Khitrinskaya I.Yu., Stepanov V.A., "The structure of the gene pool of Tomsk Tatars according to Y-chromosome markers." Medical genetics [Medicinskaya genetika] 2022; 21(12): 33-35. (In Russ.)
External links
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