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Comment: In accordance with Wikipedia's Conflict of interest guideline, I disclose that I have a conflict of interest regarding the subject of this article. Qeshaav (talk) 23:43, 17 April 2026 (UTC)
Land area units of Nepal are the traditional and officially recognised systems used to measure land across Nepal. Although Nepal adopted the metric system in 1968, traditional units continue to be widely used in land administration, legal documents, and property transactions.[1]
Two primary systems are in use. In hill and mountain regions, including the Kathmandu Valley, land is measured using the Ropani–Aana–Paisa–Daam system. In the Terai plains, the Bigha–Kattha–Dhur system is used. These systems remain in official use in land ownership records such as the Lalpurja.[2]
Legal framework
editThe continued use of traditional land units is supported by several laws of Nepal:
- Land (Survey and Measurement) Act, 2019 B.S. (1963 AD)[3]
- Land Act, 2021 B.S. (1964 AD, as amended)[4]
- Land Revenue Act, 2034 B.S. (1977 AD)
- Land Acquisition Act, 2034 B.S. (1977 AD)
These laws govern land surveying, ownership, and registration, and are implemented through agencies such as the Department of Survey and Land Revenue Offices.
Ropani system
editThe Ropani system is used mainly in hill and mountain regions.
- 1 Ropani = 16 Aana = 64 Paisa = 256 Daam
- 1 Ropani ≈ 508.72 square metres
- 1 Ropani ≈ 5,476 square feet
- 1 Aana ≈ 31.80 square metres
- 1 Paisa ≈ 7.95 square metres
- 1 Daam ≈ 1.99 square metres
This system is commonly used in urban land transactions, especially in the Kathmandu Valley.
Bigha system
editThe Bigha system is used in the Terai region.
- 1 Bigha = 20 Kattha = 400 Dhur
- 1 Bigha ≈ 6,772.63 square metres
- 1 Bigha ≈ 72,900 square feet
- 1 Kattha ≈ 338.63 square metres
- 1 Dhur ≈ 16.93 square metres
In many Terai municipalities, land is commonly described in Kattha.
Comparison
editThe two systems differ significantly in scale.
- 1 Bigha ≈ 13.31 Ropani
- 1 Ropani ≈ 1.5 Kattha
These differences reflect historical land use patterns between the Terai plains and hill regions.
Official documentation
editThe Lalpurja is the official land ownership certificate issued by the Land Revenue Office. It records land area using traditional units based on the region. Survey maps prepared by the Department of Survey are used to verify land boundaries and measurements.
Metric transition
editAlthough the metric system is officially recognised, traditional units remain widely used in practice. Some modern land records include metric equivalents alongside traditional units, particularly in digital systems.[5]
References
edit- ↑ "Background". Government of Nepal. Retrieved 18 April 2026.
- ↑ "Department of Survey". Government of Nepal. Retrieved 18 April 2026.
- ↑ "Land (Survey and Measurement) Act, 2019 B.S." Nepal Law Commission. Retrieved 18 April 2026.
- ↑ "Land Act, 2021 B.S." Nepal Law Commission. Retrieved 18 April 2026.
- ↑ "Land Governance in Nepal". Land Portal. Retrieved 18 April 2026.