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| Battle of Tirmidh | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of Revolt of al-Muqanna' | |||||||||
 The walls of Old Tirmidh (modern Termez), the site of the battle. | |||||||||
| |||||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||||
 Abbasid Caliphate |
 Sapid-jamagan Karluk Turks | ||||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||||
|
Uqba |
al-Muqanna' Sarjama | ||||||||
| Strength | |||||||||
|
14,000 |
20,000 | ||||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||||
|
Heavy losses Remnants of the army fled | Unknown | ||||||||
| Muslims who did not rally to al-Muqanna' were massacred. | |||||||||
The Battle of Tirmidh (777) was a battle that took place during the Muqanna Revolt between the forces of the Sepid Jamagan and the forces of the Abbasid Caliphate. As a result of this battle, the Abbasid Caliphate was defeated and the scope of the Muqanna Revolt increased throughout Transoxiana and Sogdia.
Background
editDuring the reign of Caliph Al-Mahdi, Muqanna rebelled and was one of the most dangerous rebellions of that time. In 775 AD, the then Caliph sent Jibrail ibn Yahya to suppress this rebellion. After 4 months of fighting[1], Jibrail was unable to suppress the rebellion, but he was able to conquer Samarkand, the exact date of which is unclear, but it probably lasted until 161 AH (776-777 AD), but this victory had no effect on the rebels.[2]
Battle
editAt the same time as Jibrail recaptured Samarkand, Abbasid commanders of Khorasan dispatched another force comprising 14,000 troops a coalition of the Balkh, Chaghanids and Termez, under the command of Uqba from Balkh to Termez to suppress the rebellion[3][4].Muqanna also dispatched a force of 20,000 troops, commanded by Sarjama, to battle the Abbasid army.[4]
Sarjamah and his brother launched a two-pronged attack on the Abbasid army, killing a large number of their troops, and the rest fled [4]and the southern regions up to the city of Termez were occupied by the rebels.[2] This was the greatest victory the rebels achieved during the uprising.[5] They had seized control of almost all of Kashka Darya valley and Zerafshan valley north of Bukhara during the entire rebellion, opening the way for a campaign against Nasaf and Chaghaniyan and retaking Samarkand from the Abbasid governor, Jibra'il ibn Yahya.[3][5][4]
After this victory, the rebels set out to occupy the important city of Termez, which controlled the route from Balkh to Samarkand and Kesh[3], to occupy chaghaniyan and Nasaf and retake Samarkand.[2]
Aftermath
editThis move was worrisome for the Caliphate, as Chaghaniyan was also one of the important cities that controlled access to the Iron Gate from the east.[3] In Samarkand, the rebels, with the help of the Qarluq Turkic forces, were able to inflict crushing blows on Jibrail's army[5] and eventually recaptured it[2] and minted coins in it.[1] However, in Nasaf, the result was the opposite. The rebels' attempt to occupy Nasaf was unsuccessful[1][3], In Chaghaniyan, too, al-Muqanna's forces besieged the area for a month and plundered its villages daily[4], though the outcome of the siege remains unclear .[3][1] If the rebels had captured Nasaf, access from the west for the Abbasid Caliphate would have been blocked.[3] However, due to the great weakening of the Caliphate's forces, in 778 the then Caliph sent a larger force than before under the command of Mu'adh Ibn Muslim, the governor of Khorasan.[5]
References
edit- 1 2 3 4 Crone, Patricia (May 14, 2018). "MOQANNA".
- 1 2 3 4 Bosworth, C. E.; Asimov, M. S. (1998). History of Civilizations of Central Asia, Volume IV. UNESCO. p. 42. ISBN 978-92-3-103467-1.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Crone, Patricia (2012). The Nativist Prophets of Early Islamic Iran. CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS. p. 112. ISBN 978-1-107-01879-2.
- 1 2 3 4 5 Abu Ali Muhammad ibn Muhammad al-Bal'ami (1974). Mohammad-Taqi Bahar (ed.). Tarikhnama-ye Tabari (Bal'ami's Persian Adaptation of al-Tabari) (in Persian). Vol. 5. Prepared by Mohammad Parvin Gonabadi (2nd ed.). Tehran: Ketabforushi-ye Zavar. p. 1594.
- 1 2 3 4 Litvinsky, B. A. (1996). History of Civilizations of Central Asia, Volume III. p. 459. ISBN 978-92-3-103211-0.
Category:Battles involving the Abbasid Caliphate Category:Battles involving Iranian peoples Category:Military history of Uzbekistan Category:Military history of Iran Category:Rebellions against the Abbasid Caliphate Category:8th century in the Abbasid Caliphate