Copper(I) sulfate, also known as cuprous sulfate, is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Cu2SO4. It is a white solid, in contrast to copper(II) sulfate, which is blue in hydrous form. Compared to the commonly available reagent, copper(II) sulfate, copper(I) sulfate is unstable and not readily available.[1]
_sulfate.svg) | |
| Names | |
|---|---|
| IUPAC name
Copper(I) sulfate | |
| Systematic IUPAC name
Copper(I) sulfate | |
Other names
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| Identifiers | |
3D model (JSmol) |
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| ChemSpider | |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.159.746 |
PubChem CID |
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CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |
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| Properties | |
| Cu2SO4 | |
| Molar mass | 223.15 g mol−1 |
| Appearance | White |
| Density | 4.12 g cm−3[1] |
| Melting point | 110 °C |
| decomposes | |
| Structure[1] | |
| orthorhombic | |
| Fddd | |
Formula units (Z) |
8 |
| Hazards | |
| GHS labelling:[2] | |
  | |
| Warning | |
| H302, H315, H319, H400 | |
| P264, P264+P265, P270, P273, P280, P301+P317, P302+P352, P305+P351+P338, P321, P330, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P391, P501 | |
| NIOSH (US health exposure limits): | |
PEL (Permissible) |
TWA 1 mg/m3 (as Cu)[3] |
REL (Recommended) |
TWA 1 mg/m3 (as Cu)[3] |
IDLH (Immediate danger) |
TWA 100 mg/m3 (as Cu)[3] |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Structure
editCu2SO4 crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Fddd. Each oxygen in a sulfate anion is bridged to another sulfate by a copper atom, and the Cu−O distances are 196 pm.[1]
Synthesis
editCuprous sulfate is produced by the reaction of copper metal with sulfuric acid at 200 °C:[4]
- 2 Cu + 2 H2SO4 → Cu2SO4 + SO2 + 2 H2O
Cu2SO4 can also be synthesized by the action of dimethyl sulfate on cuprous oxide:[5]
- Cu2O + (CH3O)2SO2 → Cu2SO4 + (CH3)2O
Reactions
editThe material is stable in dry air at room temperature but decomposes rapidly in presence of moisture or upon heating. It decomposes into copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate upon contact with water.[5]
- Cu2SO4 + 5 H2O → Cu + CuSO4 · 5 H2O
Related compounds
editA copper(I) sulfate metal-organic framework (MOF) with the formula Cu2(4,4′-bpy)2SO4·6(H2O) has been characterized.[6] It is prepared by hydrothermal synthesis involving copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate, L-aspartic acid, and 4,4′-bipyridine.[6] It is a heterogeneous catalyst for the cyclopropanation of styrene, with high trans cyclopropane diastereoselectivity.[6]
References
edit- 1 2 3 4 Berthold, H. J.; Born, J.; Wartchow, R. (1988). "The crystal structure of copper(I)sulfate Cu2SO4 – The first structure of a simple cuprous oxo-salt". Zeitschrift für Kristallographie – Crystalline Materials. 183: 309–318. doi:10.1524/zkri.1988.183.14.309. S2CID 101673081.
- ↑ PubChem. "Sulfuric acid, copper(1+) salt (1:2)". pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2026-02-17.
- 1 2 3 NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0150". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
- ↑ O. Glemser; R. Sauer (1963). "Copper (I) Sulfate". In G. Brauer (ed.). Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry, 2nd Ed. Vol. 2pages=1020. NY, NY: Academic Press.
- 1 2 Vo Van, Kim; Habashi, Faith (1972). "Identification and Thermal Stability of Copper(I) Sulfate". Can. J. Chem. 50 (23): 3872–3875. doi:10.1139/v72-610.
- 1 2 3 Shi, Fa-Nian; Silva, Ana Rosa; Rocha, João (2011-08-01). "Metal-organic framework based on copper(I) sulfate and 4,4′-bipyridine catalyzes the cyclopropanation of styrene". Journal of Solid State Chemistry. 184 (8): 2196–2203. doi:10.1016/j.jssc.2011.06.023. ISSN 0022-4596.