The Roman fort at Gherla was one of the important military installations in the Roman province of Dacia, built in the 2nd century AD on the right bank of the Someșul Mic River, near the present-day town of Gherla. The fort was part of the Roman defensive system that controlled access into the interior of the province and ensured fast communication with major military centers such as Potaissa and Apulum.
| Castra of Gherla | |
|---|---|
  Location within Romania | |
| Founded | 2nd century AD [1][2] |
| Abandoned | 3rd century AD [1][2] |
| Place in the Roman world | |
| Province | Dacia |
| Administrative unit | Dacia Porolissensis |
| Administrative unit | Dacia Superior |
| Directly connected to | |
| Structure | |
| — Stone [3] structure — | |
| Size and area | 162 m × 169 m (2.7 [1][3] ha) |
| — Wood and earth [3] structure — | |
| Size and area | 145 m × 138 m (2 [3] ha) |
| Stationed military units | |
| — Alae — | |
| II Pannoniorum[3] | |
| Location | |
| Coordinates | 47°01′24″N 23°53′40″E / 47.02321°N 23.89439°E |
| Town | Gherla |
| County | Cluj |
| Country |  Romania |
| Reference | |
| RO-LMI | CJ-I-s-A-07059.01 [2] |
| RO-RAN | 55393.01 [1] |
| Site notes | |
| Recognition |  National Historical Monument |
| Condition | Ruined |
The fort was initially constructed around 106 AD, shortly after the conquest of Dacia by Emperor Trajan. The first phase of the construction was made of wood and earthworks, with approximate dimensions of 145 × 138 meters. Around 138–143 AD, during the reigns of Emperors Hadrian or Antoninus Pius, the fort was rebuilt in stone and expanded to approximately 169 × 162 meters.
An auxiliary cavalry unit, Ala II Pannoniorum, was stationed inside the fort. This unit was originally recruited from the Roman province of Pannonia. Its role was to patrol roads and maintain control over the northern region of Roman Dacia. A civilian settlement (vicus) also developed around the fort, along with a cemetery and various administrative and commercial structures.
The exact ancient name of the settlement at Gherla is not known with certainty. Over time, several names have been proposed, such as “Congri,” “Optatiana,” or “Ad Pannonios,” but modern research has shown that the latter two belonged to other Roman sites in Dacia. The name “Congri” has nevertheless remained traditionally associated with the site.
The first significant archaeological excavations took place between 1901 and 1909, led by archaeologists József Ornstein and Endre Orosz. They produced the first plans of the fort and identified buildings such as the principia, the headquarters of the Roman military command. During the communist period, much of the site was destroyed by the construction of a wood-processing plant in Gherla, and today only fragments of the southeastern corner of the fort are still visible.
The Roman fort at Gherla is listed as a historic monument in Romania and represents one of the most important pieces of evidence of Roman presence in northern Transylvania..[1][2]
See also
editExternal links
edit- Roman castra from Romania - Google Maps / Earth Deprecated link archived 2012-12-05 at archive.today
Notes
edit- 1 2 3 4 5 "Castrul şi aşezarea romană de la Gherla - "întreprinderea Sortilem"". National Archaeological Record of Romania (RAN). ran.cimec.ro. 2012-08-07. Archived from the original on 2014-04-07. Retrieved 2014-04-04.
- 1 2 3 4 "Lista Monumentelor Istorice 2010 ("2010 List of Historic Monuments")" (PDF). Monitorul Oficial al României, Partea I, Nr. 670 ("Romania's Official Journal, Part I, Nr. 670"), page 757. Ministerul Culturii şi Patrimoniului Naţional. 1 October 2010. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 June 2012. Retrieved 6 January 2013.
- 1 2 3 4 5 Ardevan, Radu (2007). "The Ala II Pannoniorum in Dacia". APVLVM - XLIV. p. 10. Retrieved 2014-04-04.
47°01′N 23°53′E / 47.017°N 23.883°E
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